2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷6（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“天才，天赋”；B选项“病毒”；C选项“疾病”；D选项“细菌”，句意：Melissa是一种电脑（ ），它摧毁了电脑中的文件，让全世界成千上万的用户感到沮丧。本句想表示的是“电脑病毒（co

2、mputer virus）”，这也是固定搭配，因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to（ ）funds from armaments to health and education.问题1选项A.deriveB.depriveC.dispatchD.divert【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项derive“源自，得自”；B选项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；C选项dispatch“派遣，发送”；D选项divert“转移，使转向”。句意：两国领导人认为，将资金从军备（ ）卫生和教育是可取的。这

3、里表达的意思是“将资金从军备转向卫生和教育”，因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.问题1选项A.confirmB.achieveC.matchD.exaggerate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“确认，确定”；B选项“完成，达到”；C选项“匹配，适合，匹敌”；D选项“夸张，夸大”；题干中rival“竞争对手，同行者，匹敌

4、”，句意：他们的成就超出了他们的梦想，为他们的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都无法匹敌的魔力。因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题Why should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineeri

5、ng career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowled

6、ge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing els

7、e, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

8、Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, ye

9、t it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.1.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?2.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably（ ）.3.Acc

10、ording to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he（ ）.4.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?5.The whole passage centers on（ ）.问题1选项A.The importance of doing well at school.B.Using school performance to help to choose a career.C.The importance of being go

11、od at all subjects.D.The indirect value of schoolwork.问题2选项A.a waste of time that could have been spent on studyB.useful for his future workC.a good way to earn extra moneyD.a good way to find out his weak points问题3选项A.will be a complete failure in his future workB.will not be able to find a suitabl

12、e jobC.will regret not having worked harder at schoolD.may do well in his future work问题4选项A.Mathematics.B.English.C.Technical Drawing.D.History.问题5选项A.choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB.acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC.finding ones strong and weak pointsD.developing

13、 ones abilities useful in school work【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.归纳概括题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段讲的就是人们可以在学校的功课中找到自己擅长的科目，并且将它未来直接或间接应用到具体的职业生涯中。Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.（虽然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中，它们可能有间接的价值。）因此D选项“学校功课的间接价值”正确。A、B、C都只是片面观点，并不能总结全段。

14、2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼职工作，想想你从中得到了什么。如果没有别的，你可能已经学会了如何按时上班，如何听从指示，以及如何与年长的

15、员工相处。）这些都是说的未来工作时可能用到的地方，因此B选项“对他将来的工作很有用”正确。A选项“浪费了本可以花在学习上的时间”这一点原文没有提及；C选项“赚外快的好方法”，原文也没有提及；D选项“这是找出他弱点的好办法”，这个也是原文没有描述的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead

16、recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.（例如，你的学习成绩可能不是很好，但它是你背景的重要组成部分。你不应该为此感到抱歉，而是要认识到你将有一个重新开始工作的机会。）根据句意可以看出D选项“可能会在未来的工作中表现出色”正确。A选项“他将来的工作会彻底失败”；B选项“不能找到一份合适的工作”；C选项“会后悔在学校没有更努力学习”是原文没有提到的。4.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs（大多数工作都不要求有历

17、史知识）。因此D选项“历史学科”正确。A选项“数学”；B选项“英语”；C选项“技术制图”都不是对工作没用的。5.主旨大意题。题干问的是全文的中心，立足于全文来看都是在说学校里做的不好也会获得收货以及Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself（面对你的弱点也是了解你自己的一部分），全文的段首还说到You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work.（

18、你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅长。这些可以显示出你在工作中可以用得上的优点。）也就是说要按照自己的优势去找工作，因此A选项“根据自己的技能选择职业”正确。B选项“通过在学校努力学习获得知识”；C选项“找到自己的长处和短处”；D选项“培养对学校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。5. 单选题Their refusal to compromise is a major（ ）that stands in the way of further peace talks.问题1选项A.obstacleB.complicationC.entityD.hazard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obsta

19、cle“障碍”；B选项complication“并发症，复杂”；C选项entity“实体，存在”；D选项hazard“危险，风险”。句意：他们拒绝妥协是进一步和谈的主要（ ）。既然他们拒绝妥协，那么应该就是进一步发展的“障碍”，因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy though they had three children own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“（使）适应，改编”，常用“adapt oneself to sth. 适应”；B选

20、项bring“带来”；C选项receive“收到”；D选项adopt“采纳，收养，选定”。句意：虽然这对老夫妇已经有了三个孩子，但他们还是决定（ ）一个男孩。这里要表达的意思是“领养一个男孩”，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题As the door of China is open, Western ideas and（ ）come in.问题1选项A.moralB.moraleC.moralsD.value【答案】C【解析】考查了名词辨析。A选项moral“道德；寓意”，B选项morale“士气；斗志”，C选项morals“品行；道德；道德观念”，D选项value“值；价值；价格”，根据句子的意

21、思应该是说各种各样的价值观念涌入中国，只有C可以表示“各种思想和价值观”，因此C选项符合题意。句意为：随着中国的大门打开，西方的思想和道德观进来了。8. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled My View on Job-hopping in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines:1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为2.有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为3.你

22、的观点【答案】略9. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ） patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“废弃的，老式的”；B选项“侵略性的，好斗的”；C选项“和谐的，和睦的”；D选项“和蔼可亲的，亲切的”，句意：国际体育应该创造国家之间的友好关系，

23、但在目前的奥林匹克组织中以某种方式鼓励_爱国主义。由but可以得知和前文应该是有转折的，因此空格处想表达的应该是“鼓励带有挑衅性的爱国精神”。因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题In（ ）times human be beings didnt travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prime“最好的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的”；C选项primary“最初的”；D选项preli

24、minary“初步的，开始的”。句意：在（ ）时代，人类旅行不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。这句话表达的含义是“在原始时代”，因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题There is supposed to be a safety（ ）which makes it impossible for trains to collide.问题1选项A.applianceB.accessoryC.machineD.mechanism【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制

25、，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safety mechanism“安全机制”，因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Teachers complain that children（ ）these tests without being able to write a decent essay, solve a multi-step math problem or construct a framework.问题1选项A.look throughB.carry throughC.sail throughD.put through【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨

26、析。A选项look through“浏览，温习”；B选项carry through“贯彻，完成，坚持下去”；C选项sail through“轻快地走过，通过”；D选项put through“接通，完成，使穿过”。句意：老师们抱怨说，孩子们在没有写出一篇像样的文章、解决一个多步骤的数学问题或构建一个框架的情况下，就能_这些考试。这里表达的是“老师认为孩子们没有经过考验就能轻松地通过考试”。因此C选项符合题意。13. 单选题The teachers and parents agree that it is a hint of what might be expected from（ ）genera

27、tions.问题1选项A.superbB.subsequentC.supremeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项superb“极好的，华丽的”；B选项subsequent“随后的”；C选项supreme“最高的，至高的”；D选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的”。句意：老师和家长都认为这是对（ ）代的期望。这里表达的句意是对subsequent generations“后代的期望”，因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题There are various ways in which individual economic units interact wit

28、h one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commod

29、ities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy

30、task. Hence, the introduction on money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods, and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue ed

31、icts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of each commodity produced by the various fir

32、ms and allocated different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every persons place within the economic system is fixed b

33、y parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system w

34、here every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.1.What is the main purpose of the passage?2.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to（ ）.3.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in

35、 an administered system?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a certain for determining a persons place in a traditional society?5.In paragraph 2 sentence 3, “barter” means（ ）.问题1选项A.To outline contrasting type of economic systems.B.To explain the science of economics.C.To argue

36、 for the superiority of one economic system.D.To compare barter and money-exchange markets.问题2选项A.rapid speed transactionsB.misunderstandingC.inflationD.difficulties for traders问题3选项A.Individual householdsB.Small businessesC.Major corporationsD.The government问题4选项A.Family backgroundB.AgeC.Religious

37、beliefD.Custom问题5选项A.exchange good, property for other goodsB.a more unitC.a kind of foodD.trade【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.（三种基本方式可以描述为市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行

38、政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles.wants to trade an old

39、 car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济体现的。3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段The central plan

40、, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated different households for consumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。4.判断推理题。根据

41、题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded

42、 against each other obviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。15. 单选题By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was（ ）disintegration.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.on the top ofC.in the light

43、 ofD.on the verge of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the ground of“以为理由，因为”；B选项on the top of“在的顶部，在之上”；C选项in the light of“根据，按照”；D选项on the verge of“濒临于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会处于解体的_。这里表示的是奴隶社会濒临解体的边缘，因此D选项符合题意。16. 单选题My eyes had become（ ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards

44、away.问题1选项A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配be accustomed to“习惯于”，这里表示的是习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。17. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kin

45、d of zoo or wildlife（ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“野生动植物的保护（抽象概念）”；B选项“维护，保持”；C选项“贮藏（量）”；D选项“自然保护区；居住地”，句意：一些科学家提出，地球是

46、智能太空生物的一种动物园或野生动物（ ），就像我们在地球上设立的荒野区，让动物在我们观察时自然发展。本句表示“wildlife reserve是野生动植物保护区（具体概念）”，因此D选项符合题意。18. 单选题In the case of Finney, where an attendant at a mental hospital caused the death of a patient by releasing a flow of boiling water into a bath, the test was whether he was grossly（ ）.问题1选项A.negati

47、veB.negligentC.serenityD.custody【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的，消极的，否定的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，这个是测试他是否严重_。根据原句逻辑，这个护工导致病人死亡，可见他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B选项符合题意。19. 单选题Dont be afraid of bees. They do not normally（ ）without being provo

48、ked.问题1选项A.singB.biteC.prickD.thrust【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sing“唱歌”；B选项bite“咬”；C选项prick“戳，扎破”；D选项thrust“插，插入”。句意：不要害怕蜜蜂。如果没有挑衅，它们通常不会（ ）人。蜜蜂是咬人，因此B选项符合题意。20. 单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）between an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.analogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。