2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷94（附答案带详解）

《2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷94（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷94（附答案带详解）（20页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese passage into English全球化对发达国家和发展中国家都是一个挑战。随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间的经济合作不断加强。中国拥有一个13亿人口的大市场，会为拉动世界的经济发展提供可观的动力。中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设，改造和提升工业企业装备水平，还要不断提高农业的生产和加工能力。这些都需要在国际合作的环境中才能实现，各国之间不断扩大的经贸和各领域的合作关系，有助于推动世界经济的发展。【答案】Globalization is a c

2、hallenge for both the developed and developing countries. With the development of globalization, the economic cooperation among countries around the world has been strengthened constantly. China has a market as big as 1.3 billion people, which will give substantial impetus to boost the world economy

3、. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure program, upgrade its industrial equipment and improve its agricultural production as well as processing capability. All the above requires an environment of international cooperation. Cooperation among countries around the world in economy and tra

4、de and also in other fields are conducive to the growth of the world economy.2. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会的调停话动，它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。【答案】Labor arbitration, similar to the mediation activities in the m

5、edieval craft guilds, is the final result of multi-step representation system.A trust may be created orally, but usually is set up in a written form.An act that is destructive to the environment may be criminalized by statue.The resolution was invalid because the shareholders meeting was not quorate

6、.3. 单选题Ive heard that you are going to（ ）the bosss job when she retires.问题1选项A.put up withB.put in forC.put out toD.put in on【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。A选项put up with“忍受，容忍”；B选项put in for“申请”；C选项put out to“拿出去”；D选项put in on没有此搭配。句意：我听说你打算在老板退休后申请（接替）她的职位。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题His（ ）book will deal with industrial relati

7、ons.问题1选项A.actualB.forthcomingC.promptD.eventual【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项 actual“实际的”；B选项forthcoming“即将来临的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D选项eventual“最终的”。句意：他即将出版的书将论述劳资关系。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题Lacking（ ）political goals, the two parties quarreled.问题1选项A.intricateB.coherentC.intrinsicD.distinct【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复

8、杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a childs immune system, much like sensory e

9、xperiences program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on the bodys own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions

10、of years the so-called old friends theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. “The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Bio

11、logy Research at Northwestern University.In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of pea

12、nut allergy in the US tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical d

13、istribution of various infectious diseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell

14、, an infectious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If

15、 youre not doing it ten times a day, youre probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily

16、spread.Many experts advise common sense. “We dont want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. But we can say theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation, and they wont die from eating s

17、omething off the floor. Its probably more healthy than not.”1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（ ）.2.What if we live without any microorganisms?3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune di

18、seases（ ）.4.What does Michael Bell suggest we do in daily life?5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.eliminates childhood diseases such as asthma and allergiesB.proves to be an important prevention against cancerC.proves to be necessary for the development of immune systemD.increases su

19、sceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases问题2选项A.We will never be involved in the allergies.B.We will eradicate the outbreaks of many infectious diseases.C.We may miss an important part of human development.D.We may find no effective medical cure to many disease.问题3选项A.has nothing to do with t

20、hat of various infectious diseasesB.is exactly the same with that of various infectious diseasesC.is completely opposite to that of various infectious diseasesD.shows no comparability with that of various infectious diseases问题4选项A.Be careful about wound care.B.Wash hands within 10 times a day.C.Cons

21、ult health-care workers.D.Sterilize your hands every day.问题5选项A.Children should be encouraged to play in dirty places.B.More efforts should be made in public health.C.Parents neednt worry about children playing in the dirt.D.Excessive cleanness is required at home but not outdoors.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:

22、C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called “old friends” theory. But where they have

23、 been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. 许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。3.判断推断题。根据关键词“French researchers”定位到第三段最后一句“The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distri

24、bution of various infectious diseases. says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“Michael Bell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“Michael Bell, ., says that people should be vigilant about w

25、ound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. Michael Bell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“. theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to l

26、ive in total sanitation,.孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中.”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。7. 单选题Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was（ ） by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.dissuadedB.avertedC.repressedD.distracted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dissuade“劝阻”；B选项 avert“转移”；C选项 repress“抑制，镇压”；D选项distrac

27、t“分心”。句意：尽管我试图集中注意力听演讲，但还是被隔壁房间的噪音分心。选项D符合语境。8. 单选题You should（ ）yourself with the relevant facts before making a decision.问题1选项A.acquaintB.acquireC.acknowledgeD.attempt【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项acquaint“使熟悉，使认识”；B选项acquire“获得”；C选项acknowledge“承认，答谢”；D选项attempt“企图，尝试”。句意：在做决定之前，你应该熟悉相关的事实。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Workin

28、g far away from his home, he had to（ ）from Oxford to London every day.问题1选项A.commuteB.wanderC.rambleD.motion【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项commute“通勤，往返于”；B选项wander“徘徊，漫步”；C选项ramble“闲逛”；D选项motion“运动”。句意：他在离家很远的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和伦敦之间。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Mother told me that the most important thing of choosing a piece of

29、 cloth is its （ ）.问题1选项A.styleB.textureC.textileD.content【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题One of the problems they have to deal with is the（ ）of plastic containers.问题1选项A.disposalB.dissolutionC.dispositionD.

30、disappearance【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been （ ）with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embracedB.adju

31、stedC.alternatedD.integrated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项adjust“调整”；C选项alternate“交替，轮流”；D选项integrate“使完整”。句意：这门课程吸引人的特点之一是实际工作与学科理论方面结合的方法。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题Whether their football team win is a matter of（ ）to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference

32、“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。14. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Fa

33、rmerss representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out

34、an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary

35、general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says

36、 such “tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they

37、were found to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejec

38、ted tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and

39、 a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A

40、 further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed import

41、s have already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude

42、to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A

43、.GM material is possible to be preventedB.European laws are impracticalC.Only the international supply chain can workD.Goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found问题3选项A.They think its reasonable for people to worry about GMs influence.B.They think its understandable to set an absolute limi

44、t on GM products.C.They will be broken if EU help them to limit GM effect.D.They think 0.5 percent is too high a standard.问题4选项A.Trade is going down all the wayB.People still sign trade on timeC.Goods are getting more expensiveD.Merchants try risking trading again问题5选项A.Because the European official

45、s are to be replacedB.Because the policy is the result of the intensive discussion.C.Because it wants to eliminate the doubts about the GM crops safety.D.Because the price of GM crops is very high.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca

46、组织的秘书长Pekka Pesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”

47、选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pekka Pesonen”定位到第二段的内容“Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“ The rejected tonnages is only a small part of t

48、he 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“.introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisf

49、y widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops.（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。15. 单选题Electronic trash, known as e-waste, is piling up faster than ever in American homes and businesses. People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers so they throw them in

50、the trash.National Solid Wastes Management Association state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans generate is not unexpected. “We have so many electronic products that “we use”, said Miller. “They are being far more widely distributed throughout the popul

51、ation of the country and they tend to have relatively short life spans. Cell phones that last two or three years, computers that last maybe two or three years before they get replaced.”The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped

52、 each year, and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from garbage dumps and create recycling programs.For example, as quickly as old electronics arrive at a recycling facility in Baltimore, Maryland, they are torn apart and sorted for usable parts. Plant manager Mike Fannon says e-waste h

53、ere is resold to other companies that further break down the components that are valuable. “There are a lot of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused as opposed to just putting them in the garbage dump, and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be dumped in

54、the garbage dump, Fannon explained. Nearly 20 percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide. Going back 1.3 years, it was only about six percent. Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from garbage dumps in an effort to keep e-waste toxins(毒素，毒质)，like lead

55、and mercury out of garbage dumps. Many places have set up free drop-off sites where people can bring old items for recycling. Fannon says some items like old electronic circuit boards will get shipped to Canada, while, other parts will be shipped to countries in Asia. “These will go off actually to

56、a copper smelter where workers will recover copper within the circuit board as well as precious metals that are on the board, added Fannon. “There is gold plating on a lot of the material. There is silver. So all those precious metals are recovered in addition to the copper.This year several states

57、like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in garbage dumps. More can be done to boost electronic waste recycling.Waste management analysts say U.S. facilities can safely recycle items. Environmentalists maintain they can reduce the amount of electronic waste in garbage dumps now by raising cons

58、umer awareness about the best ways to recycle e-waste.1.Why is there so much electronic waste in America?2.According to EPA, what helps to reduce the dumped e-waste?3.What is the right way to recycle the old electronics according to Fannon?4.According to Fannon, what precious metal can people get fr

59、om used circuit board?5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.Because it has no value to be recycledB.Because Americans dont know how to recycle it.C.Because Americans love electronic items more than others doD.Because electronic items are widely used and fall into disuse easily问题2选项A.The

60、 ban of e-waste from garbage dumpsB.A recycling facility in Baltimore.C.The shipment of e-waste to other countries.D.An advanced technology to make e-products问题3选项A.Dump them into the garbage dumpB.Tear them apart at home for valuable materials.C.Leave them in free drop-off sites for recyclingD.Bury

61、 them underground directly问题4选项A.IronB.MercuryC.GoldD.Lead问题5选项A.People should try to use as less electronic products as possibleB.People can deal with the electronic waste in a safe wayC.The government can do nearly nothing in front of the electronic wasteD.People are helpless in front of electroni

62、c waste【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，美国人产生的大量电子垃圾并不出人意料。我们有很多电子产品在使用，它们在全国人口中分布得更为广泛，而且电子产品的寿命往往相对较短。由此可推测，之所以有这么多电子垃圾，是因为电子产品被广泛使用，而且容易废弃。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“EPA”定位到第三段“The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped each year, and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from garbage dumps and create recycling programs.美国环境保护局估计，美国每年有4亿多件消费电子产品被倾倒，越来越多的州正在推动禁止倾倒垃圾，并建立回收项目。”由此可知，帮助减少电子垃圾倾倒是因为各州推行的禁止倾倒垃圾，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“Plant manager Mike Fannon says e-waste here is re