2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷66（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Great Britain and France will hold a（ ）regarding some European economic problems.问题1选项A.conferenceB.referenceC.conversionD.cooperation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conference“会议，讨论，协商”；B选项reference“参考，涉及”；C选项conversion“转换”；D选项cooperation“合作”。句意：英国和法国将就一些欧洲经济问题举行会议。选项A

2、符合语境。2. 单选题Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidl

3、y expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing

4、quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pol

5、lution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is

6、 spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultr

7、y processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.1. The purpose of this passage is（ ）.2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?3. The reader can conclude that（ ）.4. T

8、he author gives substance to the passage through the use of（ ）.5. The words “prior to” (para. 2) probably mean（ ）.问题1选项A.to alert the reader to the dwindling water supplyB.to explain industrial uses of waterC.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problemsD.to demonstrate various measures to so

9、lve the pollution problem问题2选项A.Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.B.Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.C.Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.D.Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.问题3选项A.

10、countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB.byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceC.science is making great progress on increasing water suppliesD.some industries are now making economic use of wastes问题4选项A.interviews with authorities in the field of water

11、controlsB.opinions and personal observationsC.definitions which clarify important termsD.strong arguments and persuasions问题5选项A.afterB.duringC.beforeD.beyond【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题。接下来在二三段主要讲解决污水问题的方法。所以本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二、三句“O

12、ur increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. 我们不断增长的人口将极大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水。另一方面，对水的需求增加将大大减少可用来稀释废物的水量。”可知选项B和选项C均有涉及；根据第一段倒数第二句“This will

13、 involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. 这将涉及越来越多的农用化学品。”可知选项D有涉及。根据第一段第四句“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes 快速发展的工业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程”，并没有说工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程，所以选项A与原文表述不符。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“Many industries, such as meat and poultry proc

14、essing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products. 许多行业，如肉类和家禽加工厂，目前正在将以前的废物转化为可销售的副产品。其他行业是废物的潜在经济用途。”也就是说，一些行业现在正在经济地利用废物，选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果：介绍水污染及其解决办法，所以选项B正确。5.词义推断

15、题。根据句意可知，“the processing of solid wastes”应该是在“disposal ”之前，所以“prior to”意为“之前”，选项C正确。3. 单选题Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong（ ）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality

16、“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。4. 翻译题没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。【答案

17、】Without first-class liberal arts education, we cannot have world-class universities. To build a good liberal arts colleges and departments, but also to pay attention to the humanities education of all students. Different disciplines should develop at their own pace and according to their own intern

18、al laws. Science seeks truth, humanity seeks goodness, art seeks beauty, achieving the unity of truth, goodness and beauty at the discipline level. We got the biggest education in the world with the least money. I have always believed that by the middle of this century, China will become a world-cla

19、ss education country.It is the responsibility of schools and teachers to truly give play to the potential of all students, so that students can grow into elites who have a generous foundation, broad vision, lively personality, unity with others, and can lead Chinas future development.5. 单选题President

20、s come and go, but for more than half a century, the queen has always been the queen. So it was perhaps no surprise that Washington went a little gaga Monday, as Queen Elizabeth II and her husband, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, began an official two-day visit to the capital.Across the Atlant

21、ic, Helen Mirren, who won an Academy Award for her portrayal of Elizabeth in “The Queen,” shocked the British conscience over the weekend by turning down an invitation to dine at Buckingham Palace. But on the other side of the Atlantic, the queen was making Americans go weak in the knees.The White H

22、ouse was decorated to perfection for an exclusive white-tie dinner on Monday evening, with President George W. Bush and the first lady, Laura Bush, playing host to the royal couple and 130 other A-list guests. But the morning was reserved for the masses or, at least, the masses with the kind of conn

23、ections that warrant an invitation to the formal arrival ceremony on the South Lawn.It was a day for pomp and circumstance a military color guard, a fife and drum band in white wigs, red jackets and tri-cornered hats punctuated by a presidential slip of the tongue that lightened the moment during Mr

24、. Bushs welcoming remarks. Mr. Bush reminded the 81-year-old queen that she had already dined with 10 American presidents.“You helped our nation celebrate its bicentennial in 17 ” he went on, stopping to correct himself before 1776 could slip out. The crowd erupted in laughter, and the president and

25、 the queen turned to each other for a long, silent gaze. Then, Mr. Bush turned back to the crowd with an explanation. “She gave me a look,” he said, “that only a mother could give a child.”Mr. Bush had been the recipient of such a look once before in the queens presence from his own mother, back in

26、1991, when the first President and Mrs. Bush played host to their own state dinner for the queen. By several different accounts, including Mr. Bushs own, Barbara Bush told the queen that she had seated her son far away from Her Majesty, for fear he might make a wisecrack.Then, to his mothers horror,

27、 he did, telling the queen that he was his familys blacksheep and asking, “Whos yours?” The queen, apparently not amused, replied tartly, “None of your business.”If the queen was not amused on Monday, she did not show it. “Im sure she accepted it for what it was a slip of the tongue,” said her press

28、 secretary, Penny Russell-Smith.1. It may be inferred from the passage that（ ）.2. Helen Mirren shocked the British conscience because she（ ）.3. What happened at Mr. Bushs welcoming remarks?4. We may infer from the context that the bicentennial of American nation celebration is held in（ ）.5. We may i

29、nfer from the context that “blacksheep” (Line 1, Para.7) probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.U.S. presidents like to come and goB.the queen has always been in powerC.the queen was much esteemed by U.S. peopleD.Queen Elizabeth II began an official visit to the capital问题2选项A.refused to dine at Buckingham Palace

30、with the QueenB.won an Academy Award for her portrayal of ElizabethC.sailed cross the Atlantic aloneD.Her Majesty was making Americans go weak in the knees问题3选项A.He made a serious mistake.B.He made a slip of the tongue.C.He played joke with the Queen.D.He made a laugh stalk himself.问题4选项A.1776B.1876

31、C.1976D.1991问题5选项A.a sheep of black colorB.a very strange personC.a valuable member of the familyD.a worthless member of a respectable group【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一自然段的内容可知，“美国总统一直是换了又换，而大半个世纪以来，英国女王还是英国女王。所以当伊丽莎白二世和她的丈夫菲利普亲王，也就是爱丁堡公爵，于周一开始对美国首都进行为期两天的正式访问时，华盛顿陷入一阵狂热也就不足为奇了。”由此可

32、知，选项D与原文表述一致，所以正确。A选项中的like表述错误；B选项缺少条件“for more than half a century”；C选项中“esteem”在原文中没有体现。所以只有选项D正确。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Helen Mirren”定位到第二段第一句“Helen Mirren, who won an Academy Award for her portrayal of Elizabeth in The Queen, shocked the British conscience over the weekend by turning down an invitation

33、to dine at Buckingham Palace. 凭借在女王中扮演伊丽莎白一角而获得奥斯卡奖的Helen Mirren上周末拒绝了邀请她去白金汉宫吃饭的邀请，这让英国人感到震惊。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据原文第五段第一句“You helped our nation celebrate its bicentennial in 17 he went on, stopping to correct himself before 1776 could slip out. 在您的帮助下，我们国家庆祝二百周年纪念日，在17他继续说道，在1776年还没说出口之前停下来纠正自己

34、。”以及最后一段的内容“Im sure she accepted it for what it was a slip of the tongue, said her press secretary, Penny Russell-Smith. 她（女王）的新闻秘书Penny Russell-Smith说，我肯定她（女王）接受了这一事实，那只是一时口误。”由此可知，Mr. Bush在欢迎致辞的时候犯了口误，选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。1776是美国成立的时间，现在庆祝的是美国建国200周年，由此可以推断，时间应该是1976年，所以选项C正确。5.词义推断题。布什总统小的时候跟女王说他是自己家里

35、的“blacksheep”，意为“害群之马，无用的人”，选项D与之意思相近，所以正确。6. 单选题When faced with doubts from some advisers on the attempted invasion, the president ignored them.问题1选项A.failed to noticeB.put up withC.stood up forD.refused to consider【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项fail to notice“没有注意到”

36、；B选项put up with“容忍，忍受”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项refuse to consider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。7. 单选题After a concert tour in Asia, England and Canada, he will（ ）work on a five-language opera.问题1选项A.confineB.indulgeC.resumeD.undergo【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confine“限制”；B选项indulge“沉溺，满足，放任”；C选项resume“重新开始，继续”；

37、D选项undergo“经历，经受”。句意：在结束了亚洲、英国和加拿大的巡演后，他将重新开始从事于五种语言的歌剧。选项C符合语境。8. 单选题Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At the beginning there was no exacting tec

38、hnique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to abandon all that was academic so that the new could be disc

39、overed. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed.Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying

40、 of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony with the movement of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movement that could be used in dance. Before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed i

41、n concert. In the ballet the feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity shown by complex, codified positions and movements. Duncan performed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed from her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so othe

42、rs might be able to develop the art.Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She rejected ballet shoes and stiff costumes. These were replaced with flowing Grecian tunes, bare feet, and unbound hair. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this id

43、eal.Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of great masters including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.She was as exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.1. According to the passage, what did nature represen

44、t to Isadora Duncan?2. Compared to those of the ballet, Isadora Duncans costumes were less（ ）.3. Which of the following is not mentioned as an area of dance that Duncan worked to change?4. We can infer from the passage that the author（ ）.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the pass

45、age?问题1选项A.Something to conquer.B.A model for movement.C.A place to find peace.D.A symbol of disorder.问题2选项A.costlyB.colorfulC.gracefulD.restrictive问题3选项A.The stage set.B.The music.C.Costumes.D.Movements.问题4选项A.appreciates modern dance very muchB.dislikes Isadora Duncans danceC.thinks highly of indi

46、vidualityD.knows a lot about modern arts问题5选项A.Artists of the Last CenturyB.Evolution of Dance in the 20th CenturyC.Natural Movement in DanceD.A Pioneer in Modern Dance【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是“对Isadora Duncan来说，大自然代表了什么？”根据第二段的一、二句“她对自然运动形式的探索使她进入了自然。她认为运动应该像树木的摇摆和大海的波涛一样自然，应该与

47、大地的运动协调一致。”也就是说，Isadora Duncan把大自然当作舞蹈运动的模型，将舞蹈和自然相结合。所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。根据原文第四段的内容“她摒弃了紫色内衣，芭蕾舞鞋和具有限制性的服装，取而代之的是飘逸的希腊宽松外衣、光着脚和披散着的头发。” 由此可知，Duncan的服装是轻松自由的，相对于芭蕾服装来说，没有那么多的限制性，所以选项D正确。3.细节事实题。原文第三段主要讲述的是Duncan对舞蹈动作的改变；第四段主要讲述的是对舞蹈服装的改变；第五段主要讲述的是对音乐运用的改变。所以只有选项A“舞台”的改变在原文中没有提及。4.判断推理题。原文首段的一二句提及“上世纪晚期，

48、许多艺术家都在寻找一种表达自己个性的方法。现代舞是其中一些人寻求释放他们创造精神的方式之一。”接下来的内容主要是围绕着现代舞的先驱Isadora Duncan展开，讲述了她在舞蹈上的一些创新，由此可推断，作者非常注重个性。所以选项C正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文是一篇传记，主要讲述的是现代舞的先驱Isadora Duncan对舞蹈的巨大贡献。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题He is an actor of（ ）who has never abandoned his principles for the sake of his own benefits.问题1选项A.integrit

49、yB.stabilityC.scarcityD.dignity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项integrity“完整，正直，诚实”；B选项stability“稳定性，坚定”；C选项scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D选项dignity“尊严，高贵”。句意“他是一个正直的演员，从不为了自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。”选项A符合语境。10. 单选题The cultural department is trying to help these performing enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.delightB.twilight

50、C.flightD.plight【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项delight“高兴”；B选项twilight“衰退期”；C选项flight“飞行”；D选项plight“困境”。句意“文化部门正试图通过各种方式帮助这些演艺企业走出困境。”选项D符合语境。11. 单选题Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely（1）entertainment, resent programs that

51、put（2）on them and are surprised that anybody should（3）the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly（4）with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author, Cardiac Cullingford （5）that the modern child is a（6）vie

52、wer. The study suggests that there is little（7）in the later hours. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time（8）, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Cullingford says that children can recall few details. They can remember exactly which p

53、rograms they have seen but they can（9）explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in “（10）proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television,（11）a teacher, demands so little attention and response（12）children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to（13）s

54、erious messages are strongly disliked.（14）people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most are the advertisements. They see them as short programs（15）their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they（16）strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attem

55、pt openly to（17）them.In addition, children are not（18）involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money,（19）their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. Children are perfectly（20）the functions of advertisements.

56、And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.问题1选项A.forB.asC.likeD.at问题2选项A.reformsB.commentsC.callsD.demands问题3选项A.adjustB.selectC.takeD.restrict问题4选项A.gratifiedB.acquaintedC.infectedD.bored问题5选项A.conformsB.confirmsC.confesse

57、sD.refutes问题6选项A.dedicatedB.sincereC.preoccupiedD.choosy问题7选项A.perfectionB.faithC.intentionD.point问题8选项A.resolvedB.involvedC.revivedD.revolved问题9选项A.rarelyB.fairlyC.abundantlyD.fully问题10选项A.diverseB.reverseC.immerseD.direct问题11选项A.dislikeB.likeC.unlikeD.unlikely问题12选项A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whether问题13选

58、项A.put overB.carry overC.see overD.take over问题14选项A.Those areB.So areC.They areD.There are问题15选项A.inB.amongC.throughD.with问题16选项A.weighB.reactC.discriminateD.proceed问题17选项A.influenceB.have influencedC.influencedD.influencing问题18选项A.indifferentlyB.emotionallyC.intellectuallyD.facilely问题19选项A.mainly b

59、ecauseB.partly becauseC.not becauseD.not because of问题20选项A.clear aboutB.clear upC.clear awayD.clear of【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。regard.as意为“将视为”。原文指的是孩子们纯粹地将电视视为娱乐，选项B符合原文。2.考查名词辨析。A选项reform“改革，改良”；

60、B选项comment“评论，意见”；C选项call“拜访”；D选项demand“要求，需求”。根据句意“他们讨厌那些对他们提出要求的节目”，选项D符合语境。3.考查固定搭配。take seriously意为“重视，认真对待”，原文指的是认真对待媒体。所以选项C符合语境。4.考查形容词辨析。A选项gratified“满意的”；B选项acquainted“熟识的”；C选项infected“受感染的”；D选项bored“无聊的，烦人的”。根据前面的“over-excited”可知，后面应填入与之意思相反的词。句意“他们非但没有对节目过于兴奋，反而对整个节目有点厌烦。”选项D最符合语境。5.考查动词辨

61、析。A选项conform“遵守，符合”；B选项confirm“确认，证实”；C选项confess“承认，坦白，忏悔”；D选项refute“反驳”。结合上下文的语境可知，前面提出结论，作者Cardiac Cullingford加以证实，所以选项B符合语境。6.考查上下文语义。根据本段的最后一句“所有11岁的孩子都在午夜之后看节目。”由此可推断，孩子们应该是专用的观众。A选项dedicated“专用的，专注的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的”；D选项choosy“挑剔的”。选项A符合语境，选项C用在此处不太恰当。7.考查固定用法。There is little point意为“做某事没有多少意义”。所以选项D正确。8.考查上下文语义。A选项resolved“解决，决定”；B选项involved“涉及，包含”；C选项revived“复活，再生”；D选项revolved“旋转”。根据句意“除了涉及到明显的时间浪费，收看电视等所有这些似乎没有什么影响。”选项B符合语境。9.考查上下文语境。A选项rarely“很少地”；B选项fairly“相当地”；C选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；D选项fully“充分地”。根据上文Cullingford提及的“孩子们能回忆起的细节很少”可知，这里也