2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十二 状语从句

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1、 状语从句是每年高考的必考点之一，在单项填空、完形填空中都会有所体现。从近几年的高考题来看，连接词在具体语境中的运用，尤其是连接词语义的延伸，是高考命题的重点，因此在一轮的复习过程中要多加注意。另外还要注意状语从句与定语从句和名词性从句的判断；状语从句与非谓语动词的关系；状语从句与强调句的辨别等问题。状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子的含义，它可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，有时由一个起连词作用的词组引导。一、 各种状语从句分类及其连词一览表类型连词(词组)时间状语从句when，as，while，before，after，since

2、，once，till/until，as soon as，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，the moment，immediately，directly, instantly, every time, each time, next time, the first time原因状语从句because，as，since(既然)，in that，seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that)地点状语从句where，wherever条件状语从句if，unless，as long as，in case，supposing，on condition

3、 that，providing，provided (that), suppose (that)，only if类型连词(词组)让步状语从句(as) though，even if/though，while，however，whatever，no matter结果状语从句sothat， so that, suchthat目的状语从句so that，in order that, in case, for fear that方式状语从句as，just as，as if/though比较状语从句asas，than，the morethe more如：12009辽宁卷 It just isnt fair.

4、 I was working as a waiter last month, _ my friends were lying on the beach. Awhenever BthoughCfor Dwhile【解析】 Dwhile 在这里表对比。句意为：这太不公了，上个月我在做服务生的工作，而我的朋友们躺在海滩上。22009湖南卷 _ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. AAlthough BAs lo

5、ng asCIf only DAs soon as【解析】 A句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。although引导让步状语从句。选A。as long as意为“只要”，表示条件；if only也表示条件，但后接虚拟语气；as soon as意为“一就”，表示时间。二、学习状语从句应该注意的几个问题状语从句考查热点在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因、目的及方式状语从句的连词及时态等方面。要选择正确的连词，需要正确理解句子的含义，准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的连词、介词和副词。在备考中，要注意以下四点：1注意连词的选用不同的状语从

6、句使用不同的连词，有时同一个连接词可连接不同的从句，表示不同的意义。如：Take your umbrella in case it should rain. 带上你的雨伞，以防下雨。(目的状语从句)In case theres a fire, what will you do first？万一发生火灾，你首先会做什么？(条件状语从句， in case通常在句首)2注意主句和状语从句的时态在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，从句的时态往往有一定的限制。 一般来说，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。如：Ill go if he invites me. You cant leave until

7、 you have done your homework. No matter what he does, he cant get praise from his father. 3注意倒装语序not until， no soonerthan， hardlywhen等引导的句子，句子的主句部分的语序需要作一些调整，而状语从句用正常语序。但是as(引导让步状语从句)，no matter how等，从句部分的语序需要做些调整。如：No sooner had she got there than she called me up. (no sooner所在部分使用了倒装结构)No matter ho

8、w rich he is, he is not happy. Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 4注意状语从句的简化(紧缩现象)有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语部分含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致(或相同)，或从句主语为it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分(特别是be)省略掉。如：Look out for cars while crossing the street. He said that he would like to offer help if necessa

9、ry. The inspector looked round, as if (he was) in search of something. 1【误】 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are going to survive. 【正】 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive. 【解析】 if从句中不能用表示将来的will, be going to等，但可以使用if sb./sth

10、. is to do sth. 结构。2【误】 You will be late unless you will leave immediately. 【正】 You will be late unless you leave immediately. 【解析】 时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来意义。3【误】 Stay there where you are. 【正】 Stay where you are. 【解析】 where可以引导从句作地点状语，因此there是多余的，此句也可以是：Stay in the place where you are. 此时where引导的是

11、定语从句。4【误】 Mum would not let him buy it, as if he had enough money! 【正】 Mum would not let him buy it, even if he had enough money!【解析】 从前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系可知，应用even if。even if即使；as if好像。5【误】 Not until I began to work I realized how much time I had wasted. 【正】 Not until I began to work did I realize how muc

12、h time I had wasted. 【解析】 not until置于句首时，主句应使用倒装。6. 【误】 I wont agree with no matter what you may say. 【正】 I wont agree with whatever you may say. 【正】 Whatever/ No matter what you may say, I wont agree. 【解析】 whatever引导的从句作agree with的宾语，即作宾语从句，whatever不能与no matter what替换。而引导状语从句时可替换，如第二句话。12010上海卷 _ o

13、ur manager objects to Toms joining the club，we shall accept him as a member. AUntil BUnless CIf DAfter【解析】 B考查连词。句意为：除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中的一员。22009重庆卷 Peter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. Awhere Bthat Cwhy Dwhen【解析】 D句意为：当皮特收到朋友的邀请来参观重庆时，他非常兴奋

14、。when引导了时间状语从句， 该题易误选B。that 不能作为答案的原因是前后的逻辑关系不成立。3.2010全国卷 Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. Aso that Balthough Cwhile Das if【解析】 C考查状语从句引导词的用法。while这里表示“在期间”。42010重庆卷 Today，we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. Awhen BwhereChow Dwhat【解析】 B考查状

15、语从句引导词。where在这里引导地点状语从句。句意为：今天我们从昨天停止的地方开始，这样就不会遗漏要点了。52009上海卷 You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. Abefore Bif Cwhile Das【解析】 A句意为：在你拿到学生证之前，你不能从学校图书馆借书。6You may wear the clothes _ you wash them afterwards. Aso far as Bas long asCin case Deven if【解析】 B考查状语从句的用法

16、。句意为：只要你后来把衣服洗干净，你就可以穿它们。as long as只要。7_ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. AIf BWhile CBecause DAs【解析】 B考查连词辨析。句意为：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我认为在上面花太多时间不是个好主意。while意为“尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。82010上海卷 _you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

17、AHowever a serious problemBWhat a serious problemCHowever serious a problemDWhat serious a problem【解析】 C考查让步状语从句。根据句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”可知选C。however作连接副词，相当于no matter how，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论，不管” ，引导让步状语从句，其顺序为“however形容词、副词主语谓语”。92010北京卷 _they decide which college to go to，students should research

18、 the admission procedures. AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce【解析】 D本题考查连词。they decide which college to go to表示时间，用once(一旦)。10Please do something for the Hope Project, _ many children in poor areas will be able to go back to school. Awhile Bso thatCor Dbut【解析】 B考查状语从句的用法。句意为：请为希望工程做点事，以便让贫困地区的很多孩子能回到学校。 so that

19、引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。11Always put yourself in others shoes. _you feel that it hurts you，it probably hurts other persons too. AIf BUnless CUntil DThough【解析】 A句意为：要设身处地地为别人着想， 如果一件事会伤害到你， 别人的感觉可能也一样。12_I appreciate the honor，I could not accept the position. I want to spend more time on my present job. AWhi

20、le BSince CYet DSo【解析】 AI appreciate the honor 和I could not accept the position 之间是让步关系，这几个词中只有while可以引导让步状语从句。句意为：尽管我喜欢这个荣誉，但我不能接受这个职位。我想在目前所做的工作上花更多的时间。13How do you find the new job?Its hard to find _work so that I hardly care what it is _I can make a living. Asatisfied; as long asBsatisfied; as f

21、ar asCsatisfying; as long asDsatisfying; as far as【解析】 C本题综合考查现在分词作形容词及连词的用法。第一空是“令人满意的工作”，所以用satisfying；第二空解释为“只要”，所以用as long as。142010全国卷 Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird. Awhen Bif Cand Dtill【解析】 A考查状语从句连接词。be about to dowhen是常用句型，表示“正要这时”。15_I toured Zhangji

22、ajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery. AFor the first time BAt firstCIt was the first time DThe first time【解析】 Dthe first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。162010四川卷 Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office. Asince Bthat Cwhen Duntil【解析】 C考查连词词义辨析。从句意

23、“当她到达时，已经是午餐时间了”，知道这里是表示时间“当时”故用when。172010安徽卷 The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，_ they have the interest. Awherever BwheneverCeven if Das if【解析】 C考查状语从句。句意为：工程师们这么忙，以致即使他们有兴趣，也没有一点时间进行户外活动。182010陕西卷 John thinks it wont be long_ he is ready for his new

24、job. Awhen BafterCbefore Dsince【解析】 C本题考查连词。根据句子意思：不久他就会做好新工作的准备。直译为：在他为新工作做好准备之前，用不了多久。It will (not) be long before 是一个固定句式。19Too high house prices can be brought under control，_ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies. Aeven if Bas ifCso that Dprovided that【解析】 D本题考查条件状语从句。even i

25、f意为“即使”；as if意为“好像”；so that意为“以便于”；provided that意为“假如”。句意为：如果官方采取一系列的监管政策，过高的房价可能会得到控制。根据句意本题应该选择D项。20The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. I told you it would easily break _ it was the weakest. Awhen Bfor Csince Dwhere【解析】 D考查状语从句。where引导状语从句，并在从句中作状语。where it was the weakest意思是：在最薄的地方。 1(2

26、011济南模拟)Never believe anything_any other person has believed it.Use your own head.Athat BunlessCbecause Donce解析：考查状语从句。句意为：不要因为他人相信什么事情，你就相信。动动你的脑子。此题学生会理解为定语从句，但注意any other person has believed it 是完整的句子，不缺少主语和宾语。答案：C2(2011潍坊第一次模拟)It will be some time _ we know the full results.AifBsinceCwhen Dbefor

27、e解析：考查状语从句。句意为：还要过一段时间我们才能知道全部结果。It will be some time before表示“做某事要一段时间，过段时间才”。答案：D3(2011潍坊质量监测)I dont think shell be sad but Ill go and comfort her _ she is.Ain case Bas ifCeven though Dunless解析：考查状语从句。句意为“我认为她不会难过的，但是为防万一我还是去安慰一下她”。据此判断选择in case“以防；万一”。其他三项不符合语意。答案：A4(20104月济南模拟)_ the news，so far，

28、has been good，there may be bad days ahead.AWhen BWhileCIf DSince解析：考查状语从句。句意为：虽然到目前为止都是好消息，但坏日子可能还在后头。这里只有while表示“虽然”，故选B项。when表示“当时候”；if表示“如果”；since表示“由于，因为”。答案：B5(2011济宁第二次联考)The house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things _ they are until the police arrive.Asince BasCthough Dun

29、less解析：考查状语从句。句意为：卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。as引导方式状语从句，意为“照方式”。leave things as they are意为“任其自然”。答案：B6(2011陕西宝鸡检测)At the bad news，she was so sad I had to stay here keeping her _.Athat；companion Bthen；companiesCthat；company Dand；accompany解析：考查结果状语从句及固定搭配。句意为：听到那个不好的消息，她如此悲伤以至于我得留下来陪她。此句采用了so.that

30、.结构，that引导结果状语从句；keep pany为固定表达，意思为“陪伴某人”或“给某人作伴”。答案：C7(2011陕西教学质量检测)Im going to France for further study of art.Therefore，_ difficult it is，Ill try my best to make greater improvement.Awhatever BhoweverCwhenever Dwherever解析：考查状语从句。因为difficult是形容词，故由however修饰，表示“无论它多困难”，故选B项。答案：B8(2011黑龙江检测)How the

31、loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank _ they are paid on time.Aas well as Bas soon asCas long as Das far as解析：考查词组辨析。句意为：对银行而言，只要贷款准时还，至于如何还倒不重要。这里用as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句；as well as表示“也，同一样”；as soon as表示“一就”；as far as则表示“远达就而言”。根据语意选C项。答案：C9(2011日照市调研考试)Wont you go shopping with yo

32、ur mother?No._ she promises to buy me a new sweater.ANow that BIf onlyCAs though DUnless解析：考查连词。此句是承前省略的状语从句，省略了主句。句意为：除非她答应给我买一件新毛衣，否则我不去。unless表示“除非”。答案：D10(2010南京第三次模拟)I think this accident happened for many reasons.Richard is partly to blame，_ way you look at it.Awhat BwhichCwhatever Dwhichever解

33、析：根据句意可知逗号之后是一个让步状语从句，whatever后面跟名词时，常用whateverthe名词的结构，whichever可直接修饰名词。语意为：无论从哪一个方面看，Richard都应该承担部分责任。答案：D11(2011东北三省四市联考)We should recycle everything we can.Absolutely.These may seem little things，but theyre not _ it comes to saving the environment.Asince BwhenCwhile Das解析：考查连词。when it comes to.是

34、固定用法，意思是“当提到当涉及”。其他几项不合题意。答案：B12(2011厦门市质量检查)The UN officials say it could be many weeks and even months _ a deal is reached.Abefore BafterCwhen Das解析：考查时间状语从句。在协议达成之前还需要许多星期甚至几个月。before在本句中可以理解为“还要过(多久)才会”。答案：A13(2010南京第三次模拟)You cant complain of being lonely _ you dont make an effort to meet people

35、 and make friends with them.Awhile BwhenCwhenever Dthough解析：本题考查状语从句。when在本题中的含义是“considering that.”，即“考虑到，既然”。答案：B14(2010陕西教学质量检测)What does the notice say?It says the basketball matches will go on _ it rains.Aif Bas thoughCunless Dwhen解析：考查状语从句。语意表示“除非下雨，要不然篮球赛将会继续举行”。这里unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，符合

36、语意。if表示“如果”；as though表示“似乎”；when则表示“当的时候”。答案：C15(2010苏州一模)Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.Exactly，_ theyve learned a lot about grammar and known many words.Aif only Bnow thatCas if Deven if解析：本题考查连词辨析。if only要是多好；now that既然；as if好像；even if即使。句意为：一些中国学生发现在伦敦要理解当地人很难，即使他们学了很多语法而且认识许多单词。答案：D