2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷34（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） the heavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.问题1选项A.PriorB.By means ofC.Due toD.Through【答案】C【解析】prior在前的，优先的；by means of依靠；due to由于；through从头到尾，彻底。句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题The（ ） of the spring water attract

2、s a lot of visitors from all over the country.问题1选项A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter【答案】C【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题问题1选项A.cerealB.serialC.seriesD.serious【答案】D【解析】形近词词义辨析。句意: 我们正生活在一个很大的化学实验中，科学家发现一些严重的后果正变得越来越明显。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题He wouldn

3、t even think of wearing clothes;（ ） they make him look so old!问题1选项A.sameB.despiteC.suchD.that【答案】D【解析】用that从句表原因，所以选项D正确。5. 单选题After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was（ ） face his parents.问题1选项A.too ashamed toB.too embarrassing toC.very ashamed ofD.very embarrassing to【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，这里是考查too.t

4、o.的句型，首先排除选项C和D；be ashamed to 为做某事感到羞耻；ashamed的主语是人；embarrassing的主语是物。所以选项A正确。6. 单选题（ ） the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper that we need has risen as well.问题1选项A.Along withB.AltogetherC.AlthoughD.All along【答案】A【解析】along with随同.一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽

5、然；all along始终，一直。句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题In many countries tobacco and medicine are government （ ）.问题1选项A.controlB.monopolyC.businessD.belongings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。8. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ） a series of policies

6、.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变

7、异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in ten years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。10. 单选题Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （ ） ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。11. 单选题It is n

8、ot unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the t

9、op, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the bosss job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supp

10、osed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry, so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very topand on the way upexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule,

11、but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a s

12、portive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the runn

13、ing. But his doctors admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive

14、executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.1.We can infer from the second paragraph that（ ）. 2.The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of（ ）. 3.From the last paragraph we can gather that （ ）.4.For executives, according t

15、o the article, a golf course is a place where （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the article?问题1选项A.promotion depends on amiabilityB.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD.a chief executive

16、is expected to know more about his company and the industry问题2选项A.hallucination exerciseB.physical exerciseC.meditation exerciseD.entertainment问题3选项A.there are too many aggressive executivesB.individual talent is not essential for a companyC.the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-hu

17、ntingD.it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks问题4选项A.they can conduct their businessB.they can indulge themselvesC.they can cultivate their mindD.they can exercise as well as socialize问题5选项A.Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensi

18、tive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A, B, C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Co

19、rporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry.”可知选项C与原文相符。4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“It is not unusual for chief execut

20、ives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。12. 单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（ ）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.allured

21、C.connectedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。be concerned with指涉及，关心。根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。14.

22、 单选题He（ ） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.问题1选项A.repealedB.resentedC.replayedD.reproached【答案】D【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题In modern days, on the western bank of the upper Tigris River stands an Iraqi city called Qalat Shartlat. Thou

23、sands of years ago, this very site was once the capital of a great Mesopotamian empire. At the time, the place had a different name. It was called Ashur or Arrur. The word Ashur eventually gave rise to the team Assyria, which was the northern part of Mesopotamia. People living in that region later b

24、ecame known as the Assyrians.Historians often divide the long history of Assyria into three periods even though they cannot reach a consensus over the exact dates of each era. The three periods was the Old Assyrian Period (circa 2000 B.C.1400 B.C. ), the Middle Assyrian Period (circa 1365 B.C.1100 B

25、.C. ) and the Neo-Assyrian Empire ( circa 934 B. C. 609 B.C.).Archaeological evidence showed that people began to settle in Ashur as early as 2500 B. C. But it did not attain any political significance until the third dynasty of Ur collapsed in 2004 B. C. After that fiasco, the Assyrians transformed

26、 the Ashur into a bustling commercial center, controlling trade routes to and from Anatolia. In 1813 B. C. , the first great Assyrian king, Shamshi-Adad I, ascended the throne and began a series of military expansions. At the height of his reign, his kingdom owned the entire northern Mesopotamia. It

27、s growing influence gave its neighbor plenty of reasons to be wary. While things were going splendidly for this Assyrian upstart, Shamshi-Adad passed away in 1791 B. C. Soon after his death, the kingdom began to fall apart. Knowing that the Shamshi-Adad5s empire was on the verge of collapse, Hammura

28、bi of the 1st dynasty of Babylon jumped at the chance and invaded northern Mesopotamia. He conquered Ashur in 1760 B. C. From that point on to the middle of 1300s B.C. , Assyria was reduced to a mere vassal state. At first, it had to answer to the 1st dynasty of Babylon. After that empire was eradic

29、ated, it turned to submit to a Human kingdom called Mitanni. It was not until 1365 B. C. that Assyria, then ruled by Ashur-uballit I, was able to regain its independence. For the next couple hundred years, Assyria grew increasingly powerful. It eventually defeated Babylonia and even occupied Egypt.1

30、.According to the article, the Assyrian lived in part of modern-day（ ）.2.According to the historians, the history of Assyria has lasted for about （ ）.3.It was during the reign of Shamshi-Adad I, the first great Assyrian King, when the Assyrians（ ）.4.During the reign of Shamshi-Adad I, the neighborin

31、g countries of Assyrian Empire（ ）.5.In history, the Assyrians were once very powerful, and they even occupied（ ）at one stage.问题1选项A.EgyptB.IndiaC.ChinaD.Iraq问题2选项A.4, 000 yearsB.3, 800 yearsC.3, 100 yearsD.1, 400 years问题3选项A.began to expand their empire with military forcesB.began to open new trade

32、routesC.began to encourage commercial activitiesD.began to establish diplomatic relations with other countries问题4选项A.all showed their respectB.all admired the achievements of Shamshi-Adad IC.all became vigilant and anxiousD.all paid tribute to Shamshi-Adad I问题5选项A.IndiaB.RussiaC.EgyptD.Greece【答案】第1题

33、:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段的内容可知，Assyrian生活在几千年前被称为Ashur或Arrur的地方。现在这个地方名为Qalat Shartlat，是一座伊拉克的城市。所以选项D正确。2.信息归纳题。根据第二段的内容可知，历史学家将亚述历史划分为三个时期，分别持续了 600年、265年、325年，一共是大约1400年的历史。选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句“In 1813 B. C. , the first great Assyrian king, Shamshi-Adad I, ascended the throne and

34、began a series of military expansions.”选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第三段“Its growing influence gave its neighbor plenty of reasons to be wary.”其日益增长的影响力使其邻国有充足的理由保持警惕。选项C符合原文。5.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“It eventually defeated Babylonia and even occupied Egypt.”它最终打败了巴比伦王国，甚至占领了埃及。选项C正确。16. 翻译题Physicists all over the wor

35、ld, back in 1895, were pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory i

36、n Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of naturenever before suspected

37、that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴

38、教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。17. 单选题To begin some activity is to （ ）doing it.问题1选项A.set downB.set upC.set aboutD.set off【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。set down放下，记下；set up建立，装配；set about着手，开始做.；set off出发，引起。句意：开始某项活动就要立马着手去做。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题There is（ ） conflicting info

39、rmation on how much iron women need in their diet.问题1选项A.so muchB.so manyC.too fewD.a few【答案】A【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。19. 单选题The soldier was（ ） of running away when the enemy attacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。scold和punish一般与介词for搭配；charge一般指具有法律效应的控告；accuse一般指指控，指责。be accused of为固定搭配，意为“被指控”。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题Our car trunk（ ） with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.问题1选项A.went crammingB.was crammedC.is crammingD.was been crammed【答案】B【解析】be crammed with为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。