2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）

《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）（33页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题When he saw what had happened to the black girl, his face（ ） extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.registeredB.suggestedC.reflectD.enhance【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。register“登记；记录；（用表情等）流露出”; suggest“提议;建议；暗示”；reflect“反映;反射;照出”；enhance“提髙；加强；增加”。句意：当他看到那个黑人女孩的

2、遭遇吋，他脸上流露出极其反对和不满的表情。由face以及 extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction“极其反对和不满的情绪”可知，他应该是流露出这种情感。故A项正确。2. 单选题Without a proper education, people could（ ） all kinds of crimes.问题1选项A.conductB.stoopC.commitD.sweat【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“组织，实施”；stoop“辱没，堕落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commit crimes犯罪，故C项正确。句意：如果没

3、有接受合适的教育，人们可能会进行各种犯罪活动。3. 单选题When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that 1 might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in th

4、e manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “1 wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a -half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been

5、 transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from

6、 the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used

7、to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also k

8、nown in America as “voluntary simplicity”-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives. There are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundred

9、s of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap. There are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-1990s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass r

10、edundancies caused by downsizing in the late-1980s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling t

11、hrough the 1980s downshifting in the mid-1990s is not so much a search for the mythical good life- growing you own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one- as a personal recognition of you limitations.1. The writer quit her full-time job because（ ）.2. “A lateral move” in paragraph 1 means（

12、）.3. The writers experiment shows that downshifting（ ）.4. “Juggling ones life” probably mean（ ）.5. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of（ ）.问题1选项A.full-time employment is a new international trendB.she was compelled by circumstances to leave her jobC.she was inspir

13、ed by the philosophy of “having it all”.D.she was only too eager to spend more time with her family.问题2选项A.a change of responsibility but not positionB.advocating the notion of anti-consumerismC.a change from a lower position to a higher oneD.a change from a higher position to a lower one问题3选项A.enab

14、les her to realize her dreamB.helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeC.prompts her to abandon her high social statusD.leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine.问题4选项A.taking a non-materialistic lifestyleB.trying out a life with a bit of everythingC.living a life with extreme stressD.advocatin

15、g the notion of anti-consumerism问题5选项A.the economic situationB.mans adventurous spiritC.the quick pace of modern lifeD.mans search for mythical experiences【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my re

16、latively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “1 wanted to spend more time with my family”. 一次横向的人事调动伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要像一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称想花更多的时间来陪伴家人来掩盖我的退出。”可知作者因为一次人事调动而被迫放弃工作。故B项正确。ACD三项均不是作者离职的原因

17、。2.词义题。A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career althoughlateral表示横向的，平级的。可知这次人事调动是横向调整，并没有说明是升级或降级。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。Curiously, some two-and-a -half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term

18、 “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. 奇怪的

19、是，在两年半和两本小说之后，我在美国人所谓的“放慢生活节奏”的实验已经把我的借口变成了现实。过去七年里，琳达凯尔西(Linda Kelsey)一直在女性(She)杂志上鼓吹“拥有一切”的哲学，而现在我已从这一哲学的热情倡导者转变为一个乐于满足于任何东西的女人。由此可知放慢生活节奏的实验让作者的生活哲学由“拥有一切”转变为“乐于满足任何东西”，故B项正确。4.词义题。由题干关键词Juggling ones life 定位到第三段“abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” and making the alternative move into

20、 “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines”由abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” and making the a

21、lternative move into “downshifting可知juggling your life与“downshifting”对立，由第二段可知downshifting为慢节奏的生活，故juggling your life意为紧张的快节奏生活。由下文 nothing could12 hour working days, pressured deadlines也可知作者过去所推崇的是快节奏的生活，如今抛弃了这种生活方式改为了慢节奏的生活。故C项正确。5.推理判断题。While in America the trend started as a reaction to the econ

22、omic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late-1980s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, 而在美国，这一趋势一开始是对经济衰退的反应那是在20世纪80年代末裁员造成大量人员冗余之后现在仍与提倡节俭的政治主张有关，据此可知在美国慢节奏生活趋势的出现是由于当初的经济衰退。故A项正确。4. 单选题The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（ ）their plans for the new

23、bicycle.问题1选项A.countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。count“计算总数，数数”；strip“剥去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”；cast“投，抛”。句意：工程师们在这个实验室里花了数周时间（ ）新自行车计划。能与plans搭配的只有C项“详细说明”。5. 单选题Careful planning and hard work will（ ）our final success.问题1选项A.ensureB.encloseC.dischargeD.deny【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。e

24、nsure“保证，确保”；enclose“围绕，装入”；discharge“准许，释放，排出”；deny“否定，否认”。句意：认真的计划和努力的工作将确保我们最后的成功。只有A项符合句意。6. 单选题Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of program

25、mer. 34. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to u

26、nderstand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding e

27、xtra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two f

28、ormer hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for

29、 future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into peoples lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”，so “capable”，so “human”，affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas a

30、bout what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances （细微差距）and textured relationships with the computer

31、s as they can with people.” Turkle points out.1. The passage tells about（ ）.2. According to Prof. Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers strange behavior is（ ）.3. In Prof. Dertouzos opinion, we know that（ ）.4. The phrase “to develop an identity” （Para.4） means （ ）.5. The passage tries to convey to its

32、readers the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.the strange behavior of the computer hackersB.the ultimate importance of bringing lip computer hackersC.different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenonD.the emergence of computer hackers问题2选项A.their strong desire to control the computerB.their ignorance of the res

33、ponsibility of a programmerC.their incompetence in making new computer programsD.their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable问题3选项A.computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersB.the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenC.the hack

34、ers probably have better insight into the future than other peopleD.only a few hackers will be successful in their later life问题4选项A.to become distinguishedB.to seek an answerC.to build up a creative abilityD.to form a habit问题5选项A.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allB.though the hackers ar

35、e in fact playing with the computer, there may be some benefitsC.the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowD.the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。2.推理判断题。由“When seen in

36、this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. 从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the

37、computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔德图佐斯表示: “在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电脑。故

38、A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. 但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。4.词义题。由第四段“She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowi

39、ng them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not. 她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故to develop an identity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。7. 翻译题

40、六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、 克里斯蒂、松本淸张，从前哪能拜读？现在可以了。随看随忘，便仍在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。偶尔有人来，不论男女老少认识不认识，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，谈天说地，百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开，激光磁盘便响个不停，滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙，听众逐渐稀少，终于门庭冷落，只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来，随意挥洒。【答案】At the age of sixty I longed for a life span o

41、f seventy, a goal as difficult as a summit to be reached. Who would expect that I had reached? At the age of seventy I began my retirement, in which I can rely on my old-age pension for a living, free from my burden of the boring routines I used to bear, and lead a life carefree and contended. As fo

42、r reading I can, now, choose at my own will to thumb through anything to while away the time. I can find time to read anything that I didnt used to, for instance, such time-killers as those created by Jin Yong, Liang Yusheng, Christie and Seicho Matsummoto. I dont have to keep them in mind and quit

43、them as I see fit. There being no worry and disturbance, I need not travel far in my own world so vast. True it is that the most splendid view may be found in old age!Occasionally I had some visitors, male or female, old or young, acquainted and unacquainted. We could chat about everything in the no

44、rth or in the south, in the space or at the core, related to taboos for us at all. Whenever I broke the ice I began to pour my words, in a flow of eloquence, as continuously as a laser disc. Unfortunately, I was jobless while they were so busy that they almost melted away until few knocks came at th

45、e door and the world became vacant again. Now I alone can occupy it and go my own way.8. 单选题I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction enactment, performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. Students must be incorporated, made

46、, so far as possible, an integral part of the learning process. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the

47、Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to play, “and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students “glad they were there.”Since, we are told,

48、 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education. There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. I

49、t is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? I do not believe that this is what the creator designed humans to do

50、.The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the idea

51、l lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.The cult of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed

52、“a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges. The teachers

53、 began on time, ended on time, and left the room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by questioners. The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.”1. The author believes that a successf

54、ul teacher should be able to（ ）.2. The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that（ ）.3. What the author recommends in this passage is that（ ）4. By saying “They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing.” (Lines 3

55、-4, Para.4), the author means that（ ）.5. Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the author?问题1选项A.make inspired play an integral part of the learning processB.make dramatization an important aspect of students learningC.improve students learning performanceD.make study just as easy as pl

56、ay问题2选项A.it draws the close attention of the studentsB.it conforms in a way to the design of the CreatorC.it presents course content in a scientific and objective mannerD.it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily问题3选项A.college education should be improved through radical measures

57、B.more freedom of choice should be given to students in their studiesC.traditional college lectures should be replaced by dramatized performancesD.interaction should be encouraged in the process of teaching问题4选项A.professors are a group of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behav

58、e in the same wayB.professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having different roles to play.C.there is no fundamental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their meritsD.professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which ma

59、de them look like priests问题5选项A.Alfred North Whiteheads.B.Ezekiel Cheevers.C.Cotton Mathers.D.Patricia Nelson Limericks.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction enactment, performance, dramatization are t

60、he most successful forms of teaching. 我在学院和大学里教了几年书，从那时起我就坚信，表演，戏剧化是最成功的教学形式。可知作者认为戏剧化教学是最成功的教学方式。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appe

61、aring unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone. 奇怪的、几乎不可理解的事实是，许多教授认为他们应该枯燥地讲课，就像他们觉得必须枯燥地写作一样。表现出热情就有可能显得不科学、不客观;这是为了吸引学生的情感而不是他们的智力。”因此，理想的演讲应该是充满事实，以不变的单调语调进行的

62、。可知教授们喜欢以传统方式上课的原因是传统授课方式以一种科学的、客观的方式展现课程内容。故C项正确。3.判断推理题。由第二段“There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to s

63、peak while others remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? I do not believe that this is what the creator designed humans to do. 我认为，帕特里夏纳尔逊利默里克(Patricia Nelson Limerick)的观察有很多道理，她说:“讲课是一种非自然的行为，这种行为不是上帝设计给人类的。”

64、有时候，一个人被说话的冲动所控制，而其他人却保持沉默，这是完全正常的。但要经常这样做，一次一小时十五分钟，让一个人讲下去，而其他人则安静地坐着?我不相信这是造物主设计人类去做的。”可知作者认为老师一个人讲课，而其他人保持沉默是不好的，他推崇老师与听众之间有互动。4.语义题。They seemed “a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. 他们似乎是“一个祭司，他们的优点不一样，但他们的举止却很一致;他们从来没有涉及任何个人的事情。由该句教授们虽然专业能力不一样，但是