被动语态（1）

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1、被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语要用谓语要用主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的当句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，时，谓语要用谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态被动语态由助动词由助动词be+动词的过去动词的过去分分词构成，时态通过词构成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：You are required to do this.2）一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem

2、will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：）过去进行时：The new road was being made.6）现在完成时：）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语一般现在时：一般

3、现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词Shoesare made in that factory.(by them)2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词3Ling Feng can take good care of Polly Polly can be taken good care of by LingFeng.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/sh

4、ould + be+过去分词过去分词4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词6We have made twenty more keysTw

5、enty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现

6、在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +P.PS+was/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P. 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易

7、找到或根本就不可能找到动作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supp

8、osed that 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao魏华是被林涛叫来的。魏华是被林涛叫来的。 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如：六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00pmtomorrow敬请您明天晚上敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。光临我们的英语晚会

9、。 在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：例如： 【正【正】The shirt fits him very well 【误【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt 2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： 【正【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误【误】The blackboard is looked at by y

10、ou 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：组织时不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正【正】He joined the League in 1998 【误【误】The League was joined by him in 1998 4.由由“动词名词动词名词”构成的英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：一般不可改为被动语态。例如： 【正【正】The boy make faces in class 【误【误】Faces are made by

11、 the boy in class Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：动语态。例如： 【正【正】You must look after yourself 【误【误】Yourself must be looked after 先将主动句改为被动句，再把先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句句 1People grow wheat in North China 2They bought ten co

12、mputers last term 3Some workers are painting the classrooms now 4We have made twenty more beds 5Ling Feng can take good care of Polly.6I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night 一、如主动句含一、如主动句含间宾和直宾间宾和直宾双宾语；双宾语；或含省略或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（变被动）（变被动

13、） We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了加上了to，有的也加，有的也加for）Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother.间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加在间宾前添加to或或for。加。加to的动词的动词

14、多为多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；等；加加for的动词有的动词有make， draw，buy等。等。 二、二、My parents made me water all these young trees（变被动）（变被动） I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了加上了to） 这种主动句中用省这种主动句中用省to的不定的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加式作宾补，变被动时定要加上上to。这种谓语动词有。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to

15、，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道即常言道“一感二听一感二听三让四看见三让四看见”）。）。 主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语

16、态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now comp

17、uters _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonder

18、ful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two day

19、s.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ abou

20、t _ _? is studiedIs talked by them16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）（变为主动语态）_ Tom_ the window? be helpedDid break18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob cl

21、ean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day? didnt driveIsnt cleaned20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?What can be done21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine. didn

22、t make any of children try将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态1We sweep the floor every day 2He does morning exercises every morning 3He gave me a book yesterday 4The nurses take care of the sick old man 5You can take the book out of the reading room 6What do the workers use the machine for？ 7I made him work two

23、hours every day 8Class One will help the farmers tomorrow 9We have learned two thousand English words10We found many students playing football on the playground.将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1. Was the work finished by him yesterday？ 2. He was given a pen by me yesterday 3. Children should be taken good car

24、e of 4The trees must be put in the hole by them 5The car is not being repaired by her now 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?被动结构和系表结构区别 1.The shop is now closed./The shop is usually closed at 8. 2.The cup was broken ./The cup was broken by the boy. 3.Spring is gone . The bridge is fallen. 4.A

25、new classroom is being built in our school. 5.He is very surprised./He is much surprised at the News.主要区别在于主要区别在于：被动结构表动作，系表结构：被动结构表动作，系表结构表状态表状态./前者有多种时态，后者只有现在时前者有多种时态，后者只有现在时和过去时。和过去时。 Drills：A: 1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus. A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited 2.A big powe

26、r station( )_in my home town now. A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building . 3.Stamps_by people for sending letters. A.use B.using C.used D.are used. 4.Must old people_to politely? A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD 5.Bike mustnt_everywhere. A.be up B.be put C.put C.putti

27、ng 6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road. A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain 7.The old man and the children_in our country. A.must take good care B.must be take good care of C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the eas

28、t. A.has risen B.rise C.rises D.is risen BDACB:Answer right or wrong1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。The children must be taken good care .( )The children must be taken good care of .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。/3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( )This book was written by Lu Xun.( )3.That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( )That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WWWRRR4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike mended?( )Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by they.( )The street has been cleaned by them.( )WWRR