初一英语名词讲解及练习

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1、名词一、名词分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如 boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如 air, snow, bread, rice 等； 抽象名词，如 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如 Cheng Du, China, Obama,China Central Television 等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1 .普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词：表示个体

2、的人或事物名称的词。如： teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A.单数表示-个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。如 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （一个橘子）等。B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成

3、同形复数形式的构成方法例词大多数名词在词尾加-s。（在清辅首后读 s,在浊辅首及元音后读z。）cat catsbook-booksdog-dogsbag bagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作iz。glass glassesmatch matches以辅音字母 +y结尾的名词把y变成i,加-es,读作izcitycities但专启名词例外，直接在 y后加-s,读作zCanadianCanadiansAmericanAmericans以辅音字母 +o结尾的名词一般直接加-es读作z;tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes某些词例外，加-

4、skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以兀音字母+o结尾的名词直接加-s,但读作zzoo zoosradioradios以f或fe结尾的名词有的直接加 -s,读作zroof roofs大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作zleafleaveswifewivesknife knivesyourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例词通过改变词内元音字母man men footfeettoothteeth mouse mice （老鼠）通过在词尾加-en或-renoxoxen （牛） childchildren单复数

5、形式相同a sheeptwo sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中国人）注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有：clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义 ：people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：(1)people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加SoThere are five people in my family. 我家有五 口人。There are fifty-six peoples in our

6、 country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,short scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants 电mine.集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。His family is a large family. 指整体His fami

7、ly like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .It s goodfo的ou果，水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如： coffee, hair, juice, w

8、ater, ricehealth, happiness, help抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如:注意事项：1 .不可数名词没有复数变化，不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。如 ;some water/ apple juice/ milk2 .当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数，+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数;然后要注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags o

9、f rice .ten kilos of apples.对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：I would like twoapples. f How many apples would you like?I want some bread. f How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ?询问价格用 How muc

10、h , 如：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?. 名词的所有格2. 无生命的名词所有格的构成： 1. 有生命的名词有生命的名词（ 1 ）一般单数名词后加s.如： my brothers book ， Jacks cat， the girls pen（ 2 ）以 -s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加 。如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers college注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：womens clothes.（ 3 ）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加s，如： Tom an

11、d Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（ 4 ） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加 s.如： Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+!词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）名词习题写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house 2. it 3. zoo 4. orange _5. bag _6. exercise7. brush 8. family _9. bus 10. city 13

12、. class 16. dictionary 19. match 22. German 25. kilo 28. Chinese 31. leaf 34. tooth 37. knife 40. child 11. box 14. factory 17. watch 20. man 23. tomato 26. human 29. shelf 32. American 35. wife 38. sheep 41.tooth 12. baby 15. glass 18. woman 21. this24. policeman 27. potato 30. Japanese 33. life 36

13、. foot 39. half 42.mouth选择填空:1. I want to buy A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. twobottles of inks2. They don t have to do today.C. many homeworkD.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksmuch homeworks3. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepco

14、w, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children s dayB. children s DayChildren s day5. room is next to their parents .A. Kate s and Joan s B. Kate s and JoanC. cow, sheepC. Children s DayC. Kate and Joan sD.D.D.Kate and Joan6. Miss Green is a friend of .A. Mary s mother s B. Mary s mother mother s of Mary7. Shee

15、p white and milk also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. Mary mother s D.C. is, isD.are, are8. I d like to have a glass of milk and A. two breadsC. two pieces of breadB. two pieces of breadsD. two piece of bread9. Many are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD.child10. He boughtB. two pair of shoesA

16、. two pairs of shoesD. two pair of shoeC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has threeA. childB. childrenC.childsD. childrens12. -Are these? - No, they aren t. TheyreA.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.sheeps, cows13. There are manyin the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. - Whose room is th

17、is? - It sA. Li MingB. Li Ming C.Li MingsD. Li Mings15. Here arefor you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishessome tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our bestD. hopes17. I always go to thatto buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zoo18.A. Lucy and Lil

18、yB. Lucy and LilyC. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy sD. gardenroom is on the 5th floor.and Lily s19. Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give meA. two orangeB. two bottle oforangesD. two bottles ofC. two bottles of orange oranges20. 10. The cat caught two last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D.mices21. I met so

19、me in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English 22. There are two in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves 23. There are seven in a week.A. yearsB.monthsC. daysD.minutes24. My father is a . He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD.w

20、riter25. - Excuse me, are you A. Japan, JapaneseB_? - Yes, I m from . China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,America26. They are jackets.27. What color is coat.28. These are books.29. They are ice creams30. This is bag.A. Lucy sB. Lucy A. Peter sB. Peter A. teachers sB. teachers A. children B.

21、 children sA. Tom and Peter B.Tom s and Peters31. Where are .A. the school s studentsB. students ofthe school32 . Those are bags.33 .This bag is .A. drivers sB. drivers A. Mary s and Tom s B. Mary and Tom ss34. fathers are coming.A. Mary sand Kate sB. Mary sandKate C.Mary and Kates35. How are these

22、books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants blue. I like very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37. How glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much38. This is .A. Mike and Jims bike B. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D. Mike and Jim bike39. These are .A. Amy and Lingling

23、 s roomB. Amy s and Lingling s roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room40. My big and my happy. A. family is family are B. familyis families are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of to do. (homework)2. There are seven in a week. (day)3. How many can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wea

24、ring a pair of . (glass)5. There are five in the picture. (child )6. There are twoover there ( bench)7. I like taking ( photo)8. l can see twostanding there ( woman)9. There are two baskets ofon the floor ( apple)10. There are three ( knife )11. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is som

25、e(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.15. There are five(people ) in his family.16. Lets take(photo), OK?17. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their(dictionary) are very new.20.

26、 I see you have a few white(hair).21. They are(woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please?23. There are many(fox) in the picture.24. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.四将下列句子变成复数形式1. This is a knife. 2. That is a tomato. 3. She has a wish. 4. That child is ver

27、y lovely. 5. He is looking after the baby.6. It s a big heavy box. 7. This picture is nice.8. She is a beautiful woman.9. I m a good child. 10. That s a delicious peach.五 将下列句子改为单数句子1. These are red coats. 2. Who re the boys? They re my students.3. They re women workers here. 4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they are.5. What are they? They are buses. 6. Those are beautiful flowers.7. We have many old pictures.六 翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶一杯茶 一双鞋子两条裤子三杯桔子汁六包盐五千克鸡蛋一些面包一点水