2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷40（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （ ） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。选项A符

2、合句意。2. 单选题There are （ ） differences between theory and practice.问题1选项A.legibleB.radicalC.medievalD.laden【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。legible“清晰的, 易辨认的”;radical“激进的, 根本的, 彻底的”;medieval“中世纪的, 老式的, 原始的”;laden“负载的, 装满的”。句意:理论和实践之间有着根本的区别。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with

3、 you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 mi

4、llion peoplewomen as well as menwho render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structur

5、es in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations tha

6、t occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it

7、 is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.1.The snoring is

8、caused by （ ） .2.If a person produces short snores, most probably he has （ ） .3.The snorers can have control over their act.4.The authors attitude towards the snorers is （ ） .问题1选项A.the soft palate and other structures of the throatB.the inflowing and outflowing air through the noseC.the inflowing a

9、nd outflowing air through mouthD.the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air问题2选项A.a soft palateB.a big noseC.an open mouthD.a small throat问题3选项A.The snorers can have control over their act.B.both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.C.The freq

10、uency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.D.There are more men than women who snore.问题4选项A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory

11、 responses to inflowing and outflowing air.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasti

12、city of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。4. 单选题The doctor told me the medicine can （ ） my headache without doing me any harm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD.treat【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我

13、这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。5. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.InexhaustibleB.exploitedC.remarkableD.controversial【答案】A【解

14、析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The new colleague （ ） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confirmsB.declaresC.confessesD.claims【答案】D【解析】近义词

15、辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess (to) doing sth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句, 也可接不定式短语, 不定式中的动作发生在claim之前, 则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。7. 单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of

16、the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。8. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;co

17、llaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题You shouldnt go to work today, it is raining so hard.（ ）you still have a temperature.问题1选项A.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.Despite【答案】C【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。10. 单选题After four years in the same job his enthusiasms

18、finally （ ） .问题1选项A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。11. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further resear

19、ch and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题I think you can take a(n) （ ） language course to improve your English.问题1选项A.middleB.i

20、ntermediateC.mediumD.average【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。middle“中间的，中部的”, 侧重方位;intermediate“中间的，中级的”, 侧重难易的程度;medium“中等的”, 侧重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的，普通的”。句意:我觉得你可以上一门中级语言课程来提高你的英语水平。选项B符合语境。13. 写作题You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words with the title: My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries

21、. Do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries14. 单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all

22、 but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访

23、中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。16. 单选题Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I （ ） to be his girl friend.问题1选项A.pretendedB.supposedC.resumedD.granted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题When

24、she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题The failure of electricity put all the computers i

25、n the region out of （ ） .问题1选项A.workB.tuneC.gearingD.action【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。out of work失业；out of tune不协调；out of gearing没有这种搭配；out of action损坏，不运转。句意：电力故障使该地区所有的计算机无法工作。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and p

26、roducing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleadin

27、g when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produc

28、es new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is ver

29、y different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evil

30、s of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rath

31、er than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes established a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field, the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a

32、 composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists w

33、ould include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the

34、 stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bac

35、hin strikingly original ways.1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the （ ） .2.The author implies that Beethovens music was strikingly original because Beethoven （ ） .3.The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are （ ） .

36、4.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with （ ） .5.The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that （ ） .问题1选项A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool use

37、d by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity问题2选项A.strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limitsB.fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategyC.embellished and i

38、nterwove the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded himD.manipulated the established conventions of musical composition in highly innovative fashion问题3选项A.unjustifiably ignored by most of musicologists todayB.not generally considered to be of high aesthetic valueC.musical works with

39、 popular historical themesD.examples of musical works with new principle of organization问题4选项A.deep skepticismB.strong indignationC.marked indifferenceD.moderate amusement问题5选项A.is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB.does not relegate particulars to the role of dataC.i

40、ntroduces a new valid generalizationD.presents the discovery of a new scientific fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的

41、方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据关键词“Florentine Camerata”定位到第二段第三句“such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, . the great works of music.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要

42、性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However, the idea that . valid for the sciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选项A正确。5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be relate

43、d to one another in more coherent ways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。20. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep hours normally （ ） with the hours of darkness.问题1选项A.conformB.coincideC.collideD.comply【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。conform with符合，与.一致；coincide with符合，与.一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collide with冲突；comply with遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说，睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。