2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷71（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Despite his disappointing record this year, I（ ）feel he is the best man in our team.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.nonethelessD.otherwise【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE考查副词词义辨析。A选项however表示“然而，可是”，表转折，后面必须用逗号隔开；B选项therefore表示“

2、所以，因此”；C选项nonetheless表示“尽管如此，但是”；D选项otherwise表示“否则”。由Despite“尽管”可知，空缺处应表转折关系，因此只有C符合句意。A项however虽然也表示转折，但后面必须用逗号隔开；【句意】虽然他今年的成绩差强人意，但我仍然觉得他是我们队最好的球员。2. 单选题10. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe（ ）Europe into a great war.问题1选项A.insertedB.pitchedC.plungedD.im

3、posed【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。insert “插入，嵌入”后接in/ into/ between；pitch “用力扔，投，抛”；plunge“使陷入（某种状态），把抛进”，常和介词into搭配使用; impose “迫使，把强加于”，常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into 可知只有C项符合。答案选C。3. 单选题（ ） that night. the union government would have been overthrown.问题1选项A.If he were assass

4、inatedB.Were he assassinatedC.He had been assassinatedD.Had he been assassinated【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。4. 单选题The crowd cheered in （ ）when t

5、he players caught the ball.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.interactionD.participation【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition “识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation “欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction “相互作用”；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer 与 caught the ball 可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。5. 单选题This African country

6、 has been（ ）by civil war, famine and flood for decades.问题1选项A.afflictedB.conflictedC.despairedD.inclined【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼”；B选项conflict表示“冲突，矛盾；争执；斗争”；C选项despair表示“绝望，丧失信心”；D选项incline表示 “倾向于，有倾向”。根据关键词“civil war, famine and flood（内战、饥荒和洪水）”可知，这个非洲国家一直饱受这些灾害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，

7、本题正确答案为A项。6. 单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where s

8、ustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture lias changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agricul

9、ture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients（营养成分）captured in the product it

10、 was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat（栖息地）Ioss a

11、nd to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050, yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many reg

12、ions.All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon th

13、e notion that agriculture can be zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方 而)of al

14、l the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than

15、 that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1.How do people often measure pr

16、ogress in agriculture?2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in （ ）.3.What does the author think of traditional fanning practices?4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century ?5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.By its productivityB.By its su

17、stainabilityC.By its impact on the environmentD.By its contribution to economic growth问题2选项A.Localized pollutionB.the shrinking of farmlandC.competition from overseasD.the decrease of biodiversity问题3选项A.They have remained the same over the centuries.B.They have not kept pace with population growth.C

18、.They are not necessarily sustainable.D.They are environmentally friendly.问题4选项A.It will go through radical changesB.It will supply more animal productsC.It will abandon traditional fanning practicesD.It will cause zero damage to the environment问题5选项A.To remind people of the need of sustainable deve

19、lopment.B.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C.To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词measure progress in agriculture定位至第一段: This is especially true in agr

20、iculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives (这一点在农业领域表现得尤为突出，在该领域中，人们常常在未从历史、文化的角度予以适当考虑的情况下，认为可持续发展史衡量农业进步的唯一方法),因此B项 “可持续性”正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Specialization和increase yields定位至第三段: Compet

21、ition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields (来自海外的竞争压力使得农民们不得不进行专门的研究来增加作物的产量),该段还指出: However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity (但是，这些变化也导致栖息地的损失和生物多样性的不断减少),故选D“生物多样性的减少”。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词traditional fanning practices定位至第五段: For example

22、, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones (比如，我们若要摒弃这样的想法:传统的做法必然会比新的做法更能够促进可持续发展)。因此C项 “这些做法不一定是可持续性的”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词in the 21st century 定位至第五段: All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different f

23、rom how it was in the 20th (所有这一切意味着，21世纪的农业生产将会与20世纪的农业生产截然不同)。故选A “将会经历巨变”。5.主旨大意题。最后一段点明主题: What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production (关键是我们需要认识到，可持续性农业并不只是粮食生产的可持续性)。因此D项“催促人们重新思考什么是可持续性农业”正确。7. 单选题He was（ ） to tell the truth even t

24、o his closed friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他太胆怯，甚至都不敢把真相告诉他的好朋友。too much of a. to do sth.是英语中的固定用法，是too.to. 句式与much of a.句式的混合用法，表示“太而不能”，只有A项符合，因此答案选A。8. 单选题This was the（ ）when anti-globalization protesters took to the

25、 streets during the WorldEconomic Forum at Davos in January.问题1选项A.sceneB.sightC.viewD.vision【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项scene表示“场面，场景，事件”；B选项sight表示“视力，景象，眼界”；C选项view表示“观察，视野，意见”；D选项vision表示“视力，美景，幻想”。空缺处名词作when引导的定语从句的先行词，只有scene“情景，场景”合适，故本题正确答案为A。【句意】今年1月，反全球化抗议者在达沃斯世界经济论坛期间走上街头，这就是当时的情景。9. 单选题Directio

26、ns: There are 15 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century

27、.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters（1） natural beauty, the sublime, and representation a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.（2）that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more prominent

28、and has begun to（3）the philosophy of nature.Various issues central to the philosophy of art have had a（4）impact（5）the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.（6）among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and（7）distinction between representation and expression.Still another far-rea

29、ching question has to do with the value of art.Two opposing theoretical positions（8）on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,（9）the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the co

30、ncept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,（10）have followed either of two approaches.In one, criticism is restr

31、icted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.（11）it is devoted to the articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to（12）a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesthet

32、ics include such（13）problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the viability of a history of art; the（14）of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical（15

33、）in the conduct of everyday affairs.问题1选项A.forB.asC.toD.with问题2选项A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.In问题3选项A.plantB.supplantC.transplantD.replant问题4选项A.markingB.remarkingC.markedD.remarked问题5选项A.onB.forC.inD.to问题6选项A.ForebodingB.ForemostC.ForethoughtfulD.Foregone问题7选项A.atB.forC.toD.on问题8选项A.have broughtB.have been b

34、roughtC.have takenD.have been taken问题9选项A.whereasB.whereinC.whereonD.wherefore问题10选项A.artistsB.writersC.criticsD.analysts问题11选项A.In the other mannerB.In the other wayC.In anotherD.In the other问题12选项A.justifyB.justifiedC.justifyingD.having justified问题13选项A.diverseB.dividedC.divineD.dividual问题14选项A.re

35、lianceB.reliabilityC.reliefD.relevancy问题15选项A.reasonB.reasonablenessC.reasoningD.reasonability【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意：这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。such as意为“诸如，比如”。选项B符合句意。2.考查介词辨析。根据句意：然而，从那时起，艺术哲学变得更加突出.。s

36、ince意为“自.以后”符合语境，所以选项A正确。3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植，栽培”；B选项supplant“代替，排挤掉”；C选项transplant “移植”；D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知，后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”；B选项remarking“评论”；C选项marked“显著的”；D选项remarked“评论，察觉”。句意：艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。6.考查固定搭配。have an impact on sth.为固定介

37、词搭配，所以选项A正确。7.形近词辨析题。A选项Foreboding“预感的，不祥之兆的”；B选项Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C选项Forethoughtful“深谋远虑的，有先见之明的”；D选项Foregone“过去的，先前的”。根据下一句“Still another far-reaching question.”可知，填空处所填单词应和“far-reaching”相对应。句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是有关艺术作为形式的理论.。选项B更符合原文语境。8.考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是由and连接的两个并列句，and后面实际上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介词应该

38、填入“to”，选项C正确。9.考查语法时态。根据下文“one holds that.”可推测，填空处应表示：在这个问题上，采取了两种对立的理论立场。由此可排除选A和B；再分析句子可知，这里的主语是“Two opposing theoretical positions”，所以应使用被动语态，选项D符合原文。10.考查逻辑连词。A选项whereas“然而”；B选项wherein“在其中，在何处”；C选项whereon“在那上面”；D选项wherefore“因此”。根据句意：一种立场认为，艺术以及对艺术的欣赏是实现某些公认的道德行为的一种手段， 另一种观点则认为，艺术本身就具有价值，这也是它自身的目

39、的。这是两种相反的观念，所以选项A符合原文语境。11.上下文推断题。根据上文“In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment. 近年来，人们也越来越专注于把艺术作为批判性判断的主要对象。”根据关键词“critical judgment”以及下文的关键词“criticism”可知，填空处应填入批评家。选项C符合原文。12.上下文推断题。根据上文的“In one”，可知填空处应填入“In the other”，都是省略了

40、approach这个单词，所以选项D正确。考查并列结构。这里是由and连接的两个并列结构，前面句子的谓语动词是“articulating”，所以填空处也应该使用动词的-ing形式。选项C正确，选项D是完成时态，不符合语法结构和语境。13.形近词辨析题。A选项diverse“多种多样的”；B选项divided“分裂的，分开的”；C选项 divine“神圣的，天赐的”；D选项dividual“分开的，独特的”。句意：当代美学关注的问题包括风格的本质及其美学意义等多方面的问题。选项A符合原文句意。14.形近词辨析题。A选项reliance“信赖，信心”；B选项reliability“可靠性”；C选项

41、relief“救济，减轻，解除”；D选项relevancy“关联，恰当”。句意：审美与文化的关系；艺术历史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理学和其他形式的心理学研究与批评的关联性.。选项D更符合语境。15.形近词辨析题。A选项reason“原因”；B选项reasonableness“合理，妥当”；C选项reasoning“推理，论证”；D选项reasonability“合理性”。根据句意：.以及审美判断在日常事务的实践推理中的地位。选项C符合原文语境。10. 单选题Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold （

42、）bacteria in foods to a safe level.问题1选项A.a number ofB.the number ofC.an amount ofD.a quantity of【答案】B【解析】句意:一般来说，迅速冷却并经过适当的冷藏，食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。考查短语辨析。a number of若干，许多; the number of 的数量; an amount of 总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用；a quantity of 一些。故B符合句意。11. 单选题The famous movie Titanic（ ）its audience.问题1选项A.t

43、hought in terms withB.touched a chord inC.had confidence inD.had a taste for【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项think in terms with表示“结合思考”；B选项touch a chord in表示“触动的心弦”；C选项have confidence in表示“对有信心”；D选项have a taste for表示“对感兴趣；爱好”。根据“Titanic”（泰坦尼克号）可知，这部电影应当是触动了观众的心弦，故B项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B项。12. 单选题Doctors believe that

44、secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure t

45、o secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals harm a nonsmokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They dis

46、covered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though

47、many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick mor

48、e often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even highe

49、r for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1.It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in American （ ）.2.Non-smokers get harmed by smokers（ ）.3.Which of the following statement is NOT true?4.Which of the following is not listed as a negative effect imposed by s

50、econdhand smoking on children?5.Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greatest extent?问题1选项A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smokeD.though their parents dont smoke问题2选项A.because of the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they live togetherC.w

51、hen there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them问题3选项A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand smoking.B.Some non-smokers may die of lung cancer because of secondhand smoking.C.We all, more or less, suffer from

52、 secondhand smoking.D.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself.问题4选项A.They are more likely to be sick.B.They are more likely to develop mental disease.C.They tend to have the bad affect as they grow up.D.They are more likely to develop lung cancer.问题5选项A.Children under the age of

53、five living in homes with no smokers.B.Children under the age of five living in homes with one parent smoking.C.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smoking.D.Children under the age of five living away from their parents.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求推断美国53,

54、000人死亡的原因。根据关键词fifty-three thousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，这些人的死因是由于exposure to secondhand smoke，即“暴露于二手烟中”，由此可以推断死亡者本人不抽烟，故B项“尽管他们不吸烟”正确。而A项“由于吸烟”和C项“因为他们的父母吸烟”明显错误；D选项“尽管他们的父母不抽烟”属于过度推断。因此本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。根据题干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根据下一句.almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realiz

55、e it or not可知，不管我们有没有意识到，我们几乎都吸入烟草的烟，所以非吸烟者身体受损的原因是“因为他们吸入有毒的烟”，故A项正确。B选项原文没有提及，C选项与第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D选项根据第二段第三句“甚至非吸烟者身体内有过量的这些化学物质”可以排除。3.细节事实题。题干要求找出错误选项。A选项“非吸烟者也许会被动吸入二手烟”，根据常识可判断正确；根据第一段最后一句可知非吸烟者可能死于二手烟，所以B选项“有些非吸烟者可能因为吸二手烟而死于肺癌”正确；根据第二段 almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether w

56、e realize it or not可知，C选项“我们都多多少少遭受二手烟的痛苦”正确；D选项“二手烟比抽烟本身伤害更大”在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为D项。4.细节事实题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪一个不是二手烟对孩子的消极影响。根据题干定位至原文最后一段。由these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes可知，这些孩子比家里没有人吸烟的更容易生病，故A选项正确，可排除；B选项“他们更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根据原文倒数第三句可知，C选

57、项“孩子们长大了也会受二手烟的影响”正确，可排除。根据原文最后一句“父母吸烟的孩子长大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸烟的孩子的两倍多”可知，D选项“一些非吸烟者可能由于二手烟死于肺癌”正确， 可排除。故本题正确答案为B。5.推理判断题。题干要求判断以下那种孩子受二手烟的伤害最大。根据关键词children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽烟的孩子患肺癌的风险更高”。A选项为“5岁以下生活在无人抽烟的家庭的孩子”；B选项为“5岁以下生活在父亲或母亲一方抽烟的家庭的孩子”；C选项为“5岁以下生活在父母都抽烟的家庭的孩子”；D选项“5岁以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。13. 翻译题Tr

58、anslate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。【答案】People have the right to pursue happiness, but different people have different understanding of happiness. Most people believe that happiness comes from good health, wish fulfi

59、lment and successful career. As it often happens, it is not until they suffer that many people realize the true meaning of happiness.14. 单选题California is a land of variety and contrast.Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its

60、borders.Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In o

61、ther areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California.The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska).Mount W

62、hitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes.It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the