2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷44（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题If English is not our first language, you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speaker of English does not even have to _.问题1选项A.think outB.think aboutC.think overD.think for【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. think out 仔细权衡 B. think about 考虑（到）C. think

2、over 仔细考虑 D. think for 思考；为着想【答案】C【考查点】短语辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“以英语为母语的人”，根据上下文语境，母语者在使用自己的语言时，不需要经过太多的思考，他们脱口而出的很多表达在非母语者看来是难以理解的，C选项think over“仔细考虑”最符合前后文语境。【干扰项排除】A选项think out“仔细权衡”，侧重于指在采取行动前把方方面面都考虑到；B选项think about“考虑（到）”，侧重于指为解决问题而动脑筋思考；D选项think for“为着想”，侧重于指替某人着想；接时间时，也可以指思考的时间。【句意】如果英语不是我们的第一语言，

3、你可能经常会被一些以英语为母语的人不用思考就能理解的表达方式所迷惑。2. 单选题A team of scientist reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Artie, and a second team reported a still _ claim.问题1选项A.controversialB.solitaryC.superficialD.peculiar【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial 有争议的 B. solitary 单独的C. superficial 肤浅

4、的 D. peculiar 奇怪的【答案】A【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是claim，指尚未被证实的对某事的真实性的陈述，因此A选项controversial“有争议的”最符合原文尚未被证实的意项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项与被修饰语claim搭配不当。【句意】一个小组的科学家报告了阿蒂冰川分布模式的巨大变化，另一个小组报告了一个仍有争议的说法。3. 单选题Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacues Chirac m

5、oved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he “expected” their loyalty in the work of rebuilding Frances national defense.He understood their “le

6、gitimate concerns, questions and emotions” at the reforms, but added, “You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional.”The Pre

7、sidents decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people sa

8、id they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chiracs announcement was generally positive.Among people wh

9、o completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval. Tempered by a sense that something hard to definemixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national

10、or social cohesionmight be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was “useless” as a form of military training“I only fired a r

11、ifle twice”but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid itthe percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year

12、-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. “Its not fair: some do it, some dont.”Several expressed support for the idea

13、of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. At present, women have the option of voluntary military service and a small number choose to take it.1. President Chiracs decision, announced on TV, on ending conscrip

14、tion seemed to _.2. In place of military service, President Chirac proposed the establishment of _.3. When Patrick considered his time in the army “in retrospect”, he _.4. We learn from the passage that French women _.5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.have cur

15、bed disagreement among the officersB.be an apology made to the military academyC.have an understanding of all military officersD.have got no consensus from military officers问题2选项A.a new military academyB.a rite of passage for young FrenchmenC.conscription over a period of six yearsD.professional arm

16、ed forces问题3选项A.regretted his waste of time serving in the armyB.corrected his previous view on military serviceC.still felt sorrow for those under a forced serviceD.revealed his failure to get on with people问题4选项A.are greeting the reform with enthusiasmB.are not eligible to serve in the armyC.do no

17、t face compulsory military serviceD.hate to be exempted from military service问题5选项A.Fairness in Conscription Is Desirable.B.Chiracs Administration Meets Objections.C.Soul of France Is to Be Kept with Arms.D.Few French Regret the Farewell to Arms.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】President C

18、hiracs decision, announced on TV, on ending conscription seemed to _. 希拉克总统在电视上宣布的结束征兵的决定似乎_。A. have curbed disagreement among the officers A. 制止了政府官员之间的分歧B. be an apology made to the military academy B. 是向军事院校的道歉C. have an understanding of all military officers C. 得到了所有军官的理解D. have got no consensus

19、 from military officers D. 没有得到军官的一致认同【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词TV和ending conscription定位到原文第一段第一句，该句提到“在电视上（on television）宣布结束征兵（the end of conscription）的几个小时内，法国总统希拉克迅速采取行动以防止军队内部出现任何异议（to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment）。”由此可知，法国总统在电视上宣布结束征兵后，担心军队内部出现任何异议，所以迅速采取了有关行动，这

20、说明结束征兵的这一决定极有可能引起军队内部的异议。由此推断，D选项“（这一决定）没有得到军官的一致认同”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“制止了政府官员之间的分歧”，由【解题思路】定位句可知，法国总统为了防止这一决定可能导致军队内部出现的异议而迅速采取行动；原文第一段第二句提到“希拉克在巴黎军事学院对500多名军官发表了讲话”，因此，法国总统采取的行动是前往军事学院发表讲话，以消除军官们的异议。所以，“通过电视宣布结束征兵的决定”这件事并没有制止政府官员之间的分歧，反而可能是引起分歧的事，另外，法国总统采取的制止分歧的行动是“前往军事学院发表讲话”，总而言之，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；B选项

21、“是向军事院校的道歉”，虽然原文提到了法国总统前往巴黎军事学院发表讲话，但并不是在向他们道歉；另外题干说的是“通过电视宣布结束征兵的决定”这件事，这是可能引起军事院校的军官们出现异议的原因，不可能是向军事院校道歉，总之，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；C选项“得到了所有军官的理解”，如果该决定得到了军官们的一致认同，法国总统就不需要迅速采取行动以防止军队内部可能出现异议了，该选项表述与原文相反，属于反向干扰。第2题:【选项释义】In place of military service, President Chirac proposed the establishment of _. 希拉克总统

22、提议设立_来代替服兵役。A. a new military academy A. 一所新的军事学院B. a rite of passage for young Frenchmen B. 法国年轻人的成年仪式C. conscription over a period of six years C. 六年的征兵D. professional armed forces D. 专业的武装部队【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词In place of military service定位到原文第二段最后一句。该句提到“现实要求我们现在的武装部队应该是专业的（our armed for

23、ces should now be professional）。”由此可知，法国总统决定取消征兵制度，他认为法国应该建立专业的武装部队，D选项“专业的武装部队”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“一所新的军事学院”，原文只是提到法国总统到巴黎军事学院发表讲话，并没有说要建立一所新的军事学院来取代服兵役的制度，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“法国年轻人的成年仪式”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“总统计划六年时间内废除征兵制度的决定（The Presidents decision to abolish conscription），取消了（removes）自大革命以来就存在的法国年轻人的成年仪式（a

24、rite of passage for young Frenchmen）。”由此可知，自大革命以来，法国年轻人的成年仪式指的就是服兵役，因此，不可能是用法国年轻人的成年仪式来取代服兵役，因为它们指的是同一件事情，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“六年的征兵”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“总统计划六年时间内废除征兵制度（abolish conscription over a period of six years）的决定”，由此可知，原文“六年的时间”是废除征兵制度的时间，而不是选项中表达的服兵役的时间，并且这也不是总统希望用来取代服兵役的事情，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文。第3题:【选项释义

25、】When Patrick considered his time in the army “in retrospect”, he _. 当Patrick“回顾”他在军队的时光时，他_。A. regretted his waste of time serving in the army A. 为他浪费时间服兵役感到后悔B. corrected his previous view on military service B. 纠正了他以前对服兵役的看法C. still felt sorrow for those under a forced service C. 仍然为那些被迫服役的人感到悲伤D

26、. revealed his failure to get on with people D. 揭露了自己不善于与人相处【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Patrick和in retrospect定位到原文第五段最后一句。该句提到“他认为这作为一种军事训练形式是无用的（it was useless）”，“但回想起来（but, in retrospect），这对于学习如何与人相处和宣传爱国主义是有用的（useful）。”由此可知，Patrick以前认为服兵役是无用的，后来回忆的时候，则认为在别的方面，服兵役还是有用的，修正了他之前的观念。因此，B选项“纠正了他以前对服兵役的

27、看法”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“为他浪费时间服兵役感到后悔”，Patrick在回忆的时候认为服兵役还是有点用处的，因此，他不会认为服兵役是浪费时间，也不会因此而后悔，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“仍然为那些被迫服役的人感到悲伤”，Patrick在回忆的时候认为服兵役还是有点用处的，因此，说他仍然为那些被迫服兵役的人感到悲伤不符合原文，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“揭露了自己不善于与人相处”，原文只是提到Patrick认为服兵役对于学习如何与人相处是有用的，并不是说他以前服兵役的时候不善与人相处，该选项表述错误，属于无中生有。第4题:【选项释义】We learn from the p

28、assage that French women _. 我们可以从文章中得知，法国女性_。A. are greeting the reform with enthusiasm A. 对这项改革充满热情B. are not eligible to serve in the army B. 没有资格去军队服役C. do not face compulsory military service C. 没有服兵役的义务D. hate to be exempted from military service D. 讨厌被免除兵役【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词French wom

29、en定位到原文最后一段。该段第一句提到“一些代表表示支持建立一个面向社会的新的自愿服务的想法，这将向男性和女性开放。”本段最后一句提到“目前，女性可以选择是否服兵役（the option of voluntary military service），少数女性选择服兵役。”由此可知，目前，服兵役对于法国女性来说并不是义务，她们有权利选择是否进行志愿兵役服务。因此，C选项“没有服兵役的义务”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“对这项改革充满热情”，原文最后一段第二句提到“但这一想法在女性中似乎没那么受欢迎（less popular among women）”，由此可知，法国女性对于这一改革并没有什么热

30、情，该选项表述与原文矛盾，属于反向干扰；B选项“没有资格去军队服役”，原文提到法国女性是可以选择志愿服兵役的，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；D选项“讨厌被免除服兵役”，原文提到只有少数法国女性选择志愿服兵役，由此可知，她们并不喜欢服兵役，因此，她们不会讨厌被免除服兵役，该选项表述与原文矛盾，属于反向干扰。第5题:【选项释义】Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? 下列哪一项最适合做本文标题？A. Fairness in Conscription Is Desirable. A. 征兵需要公平。B. Chi

31、racs Administration Meets Objections. B. 希拉克政府遭到反对。C. Soul of France Is to Be Kept with Arms. C. 法国的灵魂是与军队保持联系。D. Few French Regret the Farewell to Arms. D. 很少有法国人对告别军队感到遗憾。【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题【解题思路】分析文章行文结构：本文的行文逻辑大致为“提出取消征兵制度的话题介绍各方的反应”。第一、二段：法国总统前往巴黎军事学院发表讲话以消除军事院校可能存在的异议；第三段：最新的民调显示，70%的受访者支持这一决定；第四、

32、五、六段：服过兵役的人普遍认为服兵役还是有用的，但并未表示反对取消征兵制度，还有人认为征兵制度不公平；第七段：有人提出法国男性和女性志愿服兵役的建议，但该建议在女性群体中，不那么受欢迎。综上所述，大部分法国人还是支持取消征兵制度的，D选项“很少有法国人对告别军队感到遗憾”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“征兵需要公平”，虽然“征兵”的确是原文涉及的内容，但原文的话题是“取消征兵制度”，“征兵公平”只是文章倒数第二段的内容，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“希拉克政府遭到反对”，根据原文内容，大部分法国民众支持希拉克政府取消征兵制度的决定，该选项表述与原文矛盾，属于反向干扰；C选项“法国的灵魂是与军队保

33、持联系”，原文话题是“取消征兵制度”，并且大部分法国民众持支持意见，与“跟军队保持联系”矛盾，该选项属于反向干扰。4. 单选题Children are _ to be noisy while they are playing.问题1选项A.easyB.liableC.likelyD.apt【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. easy 容易的 B. liable 可能的C. likely 可能的 D. apt 易于；有倾向的【答案】D【考查点】近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“当孩子们在玩耍的时候，他们_吵闹的。”D选项apt“易于；有倾向的”，apt to be noisy指的是有吵吵闹闹的自

34、然倾向，表达的是孩子们在玩耍的时候常常是吵闹的一种自然倾向或状态，D选项语义最恰当。【干扰项排除】A选项easy“容易的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候吵闹起来很容易，一点都不难，表达的是难易程度，语义没有D选项恰当；B选项liable“可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当；C选项likely“可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当。【句意】孩子们玩耍的时候往往很吵闹。5. 单选题The unruly crowd became even more _ when the negotiator tr

35、ied to quiet them.问题1选项A.boisterousB.bombasticC.boorishD.bloated【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. boisterous 喧闹的 B. bombastic 浮夸的C. boorish 粗俗的 D. bloated 肿胀的【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】该句主语为“没有规矩的人群”，空格处所填词受more“更加”修饰，指“不守规矩的人群更加_”。根据后文“当谈判代表试图让他们安静下来（quiet them）时”可知，人群很吵闹，因此，人群应该是变得更加“吵闹”，A选项boisterous“喧闹的”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排

36、除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】当谈判代表试图让这群不守规矩的人安静下来时，他们变得更喧闹了。6. 单选题We waited for the storm to _.问题1选项A.abateB.keelC.igniteD.dangle【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. abate 减弱 B. keel 颠覆；翻倒C. ignite 点燃；激起 D. dangle 悬挂；来回摆动【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原句句意为“我们等待着暴风雨_。”空格处所填动词的逻辑主语为“暴风雨”，而“暴风雨_”是我们等待的内容，因此，A选项abate“减弱”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】

37、B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】我们等待着暴风雨减弱。7. 单选题He writes in a very _ way; there are many mistakes on every page.问题1选项A.illegibleB.illogicalC.illiterateD.indignant【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. illegible 难辨认的 B. illogical 不合逻辑的C. illiterate 行文不通顺的 D. indignant 愤慨的【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原句语义为“他写得非常_，每一页上都有许多错误（many mistakes）。

38、”根据后文“有许多错误”推测，C选项illiterate“行文不通顺的”最符合原句语义衔接，in a very illiterate way指的是“像一个文盲写的一样”。【干扰项排除】A选项illegible“难辨认的”，难以辨认，不一定是错误，该选项不符合原句语义衔接；B选项illogical“不合逻辑的”，侧重于指没有道理，不合章法，不一定是错误的，而且原句中“每一页都有许多错误”不一定是没有逻辑，该选项没有C选项恰当；D选项indignant“愤慨的”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】他的写作就像文盲写的一样；每一页上都有许多错误。8. 单选题Some of the state univer

39、sity are general universities providing all _ and all types of instruction.问题1选项A.fashionsB.facilityC.falsitiesD.faculties【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fashions 时尚 B. facility 设施C. falsities 虚伪 D. faculties （高等院校的）系；学院【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“一些州立大学是提供所有_和各类教学的普通大学。”空格处所填词前有all修饰，所以该词为复数，并且与“各类教学”并列，D选项f

40、aculties“（高等院校的）系；学院”最符合语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项fashions“时尚”，为faculties的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；B选项facility“设施”，名词单数，与all搭配不当，且没有“学院”语义衔接紧密；C选项falsities“虚伪”，为faculties的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】一些州立大学是提供各个系和各类教学的普通大学。9. 单选题Both children seemed to be doing everything they could to _ me, when I was already in a bad mood befor

41、e getting home.问题1选项A.agitateB.aggregateC.aggravateD.alleviate【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. agitate 鼓动；使焦虑不安 B. aggregate 总计C. aggravate （故意）激怒；惹恼 D. alleviate 减轻【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“两个孩子似乎都在尽他们所能地_我”，根据后文“回家之前我就已经心情不好了”推测，两个孩子的行为让我心情更加不好了，C选项“（故意）激怒；惹恼”与原句语义衔接最紧密。【干扰项排除】A选项agitate“鼓动；使焦虑不安”，“使焦虑

42、”没有“使恼火”符合原句语义；B选项aggregate“总计”，为aggravate的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；D选项alleviate“减轻”，为aggravate的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】两个孩子似乎都在千方百计地使我恼火，而我在回家之前就已经心情不好了。10. 单选题Although sports _ the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.affectedC.dominatedD.influe

43、nced【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. overwhelmed 压倒 B. affected 影响C. dominated 占据支配地位 D. influenced 影响【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“体育运动”，宾语为“家庭；家人”根据前后语义，应该是想表达在Joe的家庭中，体育运动很重要，但是也会有个限度，不让它们干扰家庭的传统和日常的事务，因此，C选项dominated“占据支配地位”符合上下文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项overwhelmed“压倒”，侧重于指完全战胜，不符合原文语义衔接；B选项affected侧重于指有形力量的影响，有时这

44、种影响是不受欢迎的，不符合原文语义衔接；D选项influenced侧重于指无形力量的影响，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】尽管体育运动在家庭中占统治地位，但是当它们干扰了家庭的传统和日常事务时，Joe也有个限度。11. 单选题Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and

45、the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medical, Medicaid and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problem of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those ref

46、orms are good or bad, whether they deal with basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.Major policy cha

47、nges that affect the public at large can only happen in our democracy when there is widespread public support for the new direction policy. In the field of economics, the views of media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their percept

48、ion of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundamental policy reforms in a complex area like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the opinions for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of e

49、conomists is now thinking and writing about social security reform. My remarks today greatly benefit from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them.I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central conce

50、pt in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of “Social Security wealth”, which I defined as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age of 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the pr

51、esent actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they will pay before reaching that age. Social Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth subs

52、tantially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of American households. In the aggregate, Social Security wealth exceeds three-fourths of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured.Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpa

53、yers. Instead of labeling this key magnitude “Social Security wealth”, I could have called it the nations “Social Security liability”. Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation; and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as lo

54、ng as our current system remains unchanged, displacing an ever larger stock of capital.The $11 trillion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficit, it is worth noting that

55、, even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 2002, so that the national debt is then no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion.Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Securit

56、y liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes relatively older, and as income rises. Government actuaries predict that under existing law the tax rate required to pay each years Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12

57、percent to more than 18 percent, and perhaps to as much as 23 percent.1. The deteriorating financial conditions referred to was caused by _.2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the underlined word “alternatives” refers to _.3. In paragraph three, the name and the dates between parentheses

58、 _.4. The definition of Social Security wealth _.5. Rather than wealth, this magnitude may be construed as a liability because _.问题1选项A.a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement programB.the reform of welfare approved by the governmentC.governments heavy debts because of inappropria

59、te investmentD.major policy changes in the past问题2选项A.coursesB.thoughtsC.occasionsD.people问题3选项A.identify the authorB.represent new informationC.are questions of personal styleD.refer to a different source问题4选项A.applies to the benefits payable before age 65B.includes the present actuarial value paid

60、 before age 65C.was formulated two and a half decade agoD.was to differentiate private financial wealth问题5选项A.it has grown to $11 trillionB.it exceeds all other assetsC.it is a debt to be paidD.it grows rapidly through the accumulation of private capital【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The

61、 deterioration financial condition referred to was caused by _. 文中提到的财务状况恶化是由_造成的。A. a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement program A. 社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法B. the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement program B. 社会保障退休计划中的福利改革C. governments heavy debts because of inappro

62、priate investment C. 政府投资不当导致的沉重债务D. major policy changes in the past D. 过去发生的重大政策变化【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词deterioration financial condition定位到原文第一段第四句，该句提到“其日益恶化的财政状况（its deteriorating financial condition）最终（Eventually）将迫使其进行重大改革（major reforms）。”由此可知，后文介绍的应该是财政状况恶化的结果改革，因此，导致财政状况恶化的原因应该去前文中找。前一句提到“当国会和政府正在考虑如何改革社会福利、医疗保险、医疗补助和所得税时，官员们仍然不愿意面对我们社会保障体系的严重问题。”由此可知，在讨论制定社会保障计划时，政府官员们的方法不当，不愿意处理社会保障体系中的严重问题，由此最终导致需要进行改革。A选项“制定社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“社会保障退休计划中的福利改革”，根据【解