2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷37（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题They worked for the complete（ ）of slavery for so long that they contributed their youth to this ideal.问题1选项A.abortionB.absorptionC.abolitionD.abomination【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项abortion“流产，堕胎，（计划等）失败”；B选项absorption“吸收；全神贯注，专心致志”；C选项abolition“废除；废止”；D选项abomination

2、“厌恶；憎恨；令人厌恶的事物”。句意：他们为彻底废除奴隶制度工作了如此长的时间，以至于将自己的青春奉献给了这个理想。结合句意，C选项正确。2. 单选题UK and China has something similar in their compulsory education system. Firstly, both in UK and China, “most children receive free educational finance from public funds, but small portions attend schools wholly independent o

3、f public financial support. Secondly, both of the two countries have laws to ensure compulsory education. Thirdly, the two countries have the same curriculums. For example, according to Zhu Yongtao and Wang Lili, foreign languages are taught as an integral part of the curriculum, reflecting the impo

4、rtance of Britishs relationship with Europe and Chinas relationship with English speaking countries. Fourthly, students in China and UK both spend 6 years finishing primary education. Fifthly, there are some important exams for students in compulsory education systems in China and UK. In UK, there a

5、re two main examinations. The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is usually taken by 16-year-old children. The General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (GCEA level), is normally taken at the end of the second year by 19-year-old students. In China, except for an exam for the

6、 sixth grade graduates in primary school, there is a high school entrance examination for Junior 3 students.There are lots of differences between China and UK in compulsory education. It can be divided into five parts.Firstly, the aim of education in the UK and China is not quite similar with each o

7、ther. According to Sui Mingcai, British education aims to “develop individual abilities to the full and to shape those abilities for the benefit of society as a whole”. And in China, “its to let everyone accept education, have knowledge and skills to make life.”Secondly, the year of compulsory educa

8、tion is different between the two countries. In UK, the age to begin school is 5 (4 in Northern Ireland), and the compulsory education ends at 16, whereas in China the compulsory education starts from 6 and ends at 14, which is a nine-year compulsory education.Thirdly, the schedule of compulsory edu

9、cation in the two countries is different. According to Wikipedia and Sui Mingcai, British compulsory education can be divided into two stages: primary schools and secondary schools. The state schooling was free and compulsory up to the legal school-leaving age. While in China, compulsory education c

10、onsists of primary schools and middle schools.The school year in UK is divided into three terms (autumn, spring and summer), while two parts (spring, autumn) in China. British school day in most states and independent schools (except for infant and junior school) usually starts at 8:45 a.m. and ends

11、 at 3:30 p.m. In China, every school day is made up of two periods which are 7:30 a.m. to 12:00 a.m., 2:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Students can go home for lunch. It shows that Chinese students usually spend more time at school.In addition, in Britain, a school-age child can receive compulsory education a

12、t home or at a tutors place or some other forms, while in China, compulsory education means school education.1. This passage is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.In what way does UK educate its people?3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?4.Which of the following statements

13、is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.a comparison study on free education system between China and UKB.a comparison study on compulsory education system between China and UKC.a comparison study on financial system between China and UKD.a comparison study on culture between China and UK问题2选项A.

14、UK intends to educate its people the abilities to serve the country wholly.B.UK intends to educate its people the individual abilities fully.C.UK intends to educate its people the abilities only for the benefit of the society.D.UK intends to educate its people the individual abilities as well as the

15、 abilities for the benefit of the society.问题3选项A.Children in Northern Ireland start the compulsory education at an earlier age.B.Students in UK spend 16 years for the compulsory education.C.The length of the years for the compulsory education in China is 14 years.D.The length of the years for the co

16、mpulsory education both in UK and China is the same.问题4选项A.Terms of the school year in UK do not include winter.B.Students in China and UK both spend 6 years finishing primary education.C.Students in UK take two main examinations normally when they are 15 and 19 years old in the compulsory education

17、.D.Students in China spend more time in schools compared with students in UK.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研究”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“According to Sui Mingcai, British education aims to develop individual abilities to the full and to s

18、hape those abilities for the benefit of society as a whole”，中文翻译为：按照 Sui Mingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“In UK, the age to begin school is 5 (4 in Northern Ireland), and the compulsory education ends at 16, whereas in China

19、the compulsory education starts from 6 and ends at 14, which is a nine-year compulsory education.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“The school year in UK is divided into three terms (autumn, spring and sum

20、mer), while two parts (spring, autumn) in China.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly, students in China and UK both spend 6 years finishing primary education.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“In UK, there are two main

21、 examinations. The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is usually taken by 16-year-old children. The General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (GCEA level), is normally taken at the end of the second year by 19-year-old students.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通

22、高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“In addition, in Britain, a school-age child can receive compulsory education at home or at a tutors place or some other forms, while in China, compulsory education means school education.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里

23、或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。3. 单选题There is a（ ）difference in meaning between the two words “surroundings” and “environment”.问题1选项A.gentleB.feebleC.subtleD.humble【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gentle“温和的；文雅的”；B选项feeble“微弱的；虚弱的”；C选项subtle“微妙的；细微的；敏感的；稀薄的”；D选项humble“

24、谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的”。句意：“surroundings”与“environment”这两个单词在意思上存在细微的差异。根据句意，选项C正确。4. 单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have （ ） vision.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项 exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项 vivid“生动

25、的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。5. 单选题It is fortunate when a young mans career goals and the wishes of his parents for him（ ）.问题1选项A.coincideB.superviseC.collaborateD.collide【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项coincide“一致，符合；同时发生”；B选项supervise“监督，管理；指导”；C选项collaborate“合作；勾结，通敌”；D选项collide“碰撞；抵触，

26、冲突”。句意：当一个年轻人的职业目标和他父母对他的希望一致时，那是幸运的。结合句意，故A选项正确。6. 单选题People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows

27、 why it exists. The greater longevity （长寿） of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller than the gap is growing.A number of reasons have been proposed to accounts for the differences. The gap is greate

28、st in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men （and this may be why they are more careful drivers, in

29、volved in fewer accidents）.Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more wo

30、men smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.Some

31、researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. （Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effe

32、ctiveness of the immune system.） Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females h

33、ave the edge among virtually all mammalian （哺乳动物的）species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages （流产）. In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.1. According to Par

34、agraph 1, which of the following statements is true?2. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?3. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to womens longer lifespan are （ ）.4. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?5. Which of the following phenom

35、ena makes researchers puzzled?6. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “（ ）”.7. According to Paragraph 6, which of the following statements is true?8. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.Women did not live longer than men until 17th century.B.The longevity gap between women and men has been g

36、rowing since 17th century.C.A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can live to be about 73.D.All women live longer than men.问题2选项A.Mens lifespan remains almost unchanged.B.Researchers have found the cause of the age gap.C.The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.D.The age gap was n

37、oticed only recently.问题3选项A.diseases and road accidentsB.industrialization and work strainsC.their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcoholD.their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure问题4选项A.The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B.The growing number of

38、smoking women will narrow the age gap.C.Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.D.Smoking does not seem to affect womens longevity.问题5选项A.Mens health is more closely related to their emotions.B.Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer.C.Men show worse symptoms than

39、women when they fall ill.D.Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.问题6选项A.marginB.sideC.advantageD.quality问题7选项A.Only for human beings, females live longer than males.B.Women live longer than men because of genes.C.Females are different from males since the beginning of life.D.Both B a

40、nd C问题8选项A.The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.B.That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.C.People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D.Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A【解析】1.【试

41、题解析】判断推理题。A：直到17世纪，女性才比男性长寿。B：女性和男性的寿命差距自17世纪以来一直在扩大。由“It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then the gap is growing.（例如，这在17世纪就有描述。然而，当时的差异比现在小，现在的差距在增长）”可知A项以及B项错误。C：一个2003年出生在美国的男婴能够活到73岁。由“A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can e

42、xpects to live to be about 73（一个于2003年出生在美国的男婴预期能够活到73岁）”可知C项正确。D：所有女性都比男性活得长。此项并未被提及。因此本题选C。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段讲女性更长寿，男女寿命存在差异，而且差距正在增加。第二段讲了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的寿命几乎保持不变。此项并未被前两段提及。B：研究者已经找到年龄差距的原因。此项不符合前两段所述，前两段只是提出了可能因素。C：社会越先进，寿命差距越大。此项可由前两段推断而出。D：寿命差距只是在最近才被注意。此项错误。因为第一段指出：It was, for example, de

43、scribed in the seventeenth century.（17世纪就有所描述了）。因此C项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中提到的影响男女寿命差异的两个因素是：女性工作压力比男性小，也没有男性那么爱冒险。因此，D项“她们承受的工作压力和不愿意冒险”正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close,

44、because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.（曾经有人指出，职业女性吸烟的可能性更大，随着越来越多的妇女进入职场，年龄差距将开始缩小，因为吸烟与较早死亡有关。然而现在，我们看到越来越多的女性吸烟，她们的寿命也越来越长，尽管她们的肺癌发病率在急剧攀升）。由此推测，D项“吸烟似乎不会影响妇女的寿命”正

45、确。5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious. （男女寿命差这个问题令人费解的一点是：女性似乎并没有男性健康。也就是，她们更容易得病。但是当一位男士生病了，往往更严重）。因此让研究人员费解的一点是B项“尽管女性

46、更容易得病，但她们仍然活得更长”。6.【试题解析】词义题。“edge”所在句为：Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian （哺乳动物的）species, in that they generally live longer.（几乎所有雌性的哺乳动物都拥有这个，因为她们普遍活得更长）。由此推测，“edge”表示“优势”的意思。7.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：只有人类的女性比男性命长。由“After all，the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge a

47、mong virtually all mammalian （哺乳动物的）species, in that they generally live longer.（毕竟，这种现象并不是人类所独有的。几乎所有雌性哺乳动物都拥有这个优势，因为她们普遍活得更久）”可知A项错误。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage.（

48、也许我们正在寻找的答案只是问题的表面。也许答案在于更深层次生物遗传的原因）”可知B项错误。C：从生命一开始，男性和女性就存在差别。由“In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.（就人类而言，出生后死亡的男婴比女婴多）”可知C项正确。8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章提出：人们的寿命普遍比以前长；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成这种差异的可能因素。最后指出，也许男女寿命差异可能在于更深层次的生物遗传原因。因此A项“女性更长寿仍然是个迷”比较符合文章主旨大意。7. 单选题The judge ruled that the

49、evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was（ ）to the issue at hand.问题1选项A.irrationalB.unreasonableC.irrelevantD.invalid【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C选项irrelevant“不相干的；不切题的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残废的”。句意：这位法官判定这一证据是不予采纳的，理由是它与手头的案件是不相干的。C选项正确。8. 单选题On

50、how the world has changed over the last 50 years, not all of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at the source and production practices of the companies producing the wo

51、rlds food supplies.The purpose of organic food information is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didnt know before. The basis behind knowing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resor

52、ting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides（杀虫剂）to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit and vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodi

53、es.Even the quality of food has gone down in recent years. Todays fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However, with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nutrients, minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has bee

54、n grown under intensive farming. If you are eating non-organic produce you will have to eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that are worse for your health than they are good for you.Another aspect of o

55、rganic food information is the production of meat and poultry （家食）. Most only consider produce when it comes to organic food information disregarding the antibiotics and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics an

56、d hormones when the animal is killed, the remaining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed, digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isnt kept in healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat.You have nothin

57、g to lose by trying organic product, not only will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and avai

58、lability can be a big issue for some, you can do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.1. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food （ ）.2. Farmers use artificial fertilizers and pesticides to （ ）.3. According to Paragraph 3, which of t

59、he following statements is true?4. According to Paragraph 3, organic food （ ）.5. What does the author say about meat and poultry?6. In the last paragraph, people are advised to （ ）.7. This passage is mainly about （ ）.8. What will be probably addressed if there is another paragraph after the last?问题1

60、选项A.is considered as a better choiceB.is mostly supplied by world-famous companiesC.has become popular over the last 50 yearsD.reflects the change of production practices问题2选项A.satisfy peoples critical demandB.develop better farming technologyC.get a higher crop yieldD.keep people in better health问题

61、3选项A.Fruits nowadays do not contain Vitamin CB.Fruits nowadays contain more Vitamin C than beforeC.Fruits nowadays contain less Vitamin C than beforeD.Fruits nowadays contain Vitamin C as much as before问题4选项A.has gone down in qualityB.has more nutrientsC.can replace mass-produced foodD.lacks Vitamin

62、 C问题5选项A.Organic meat and poultry is hardly availableB.A great amount of meat is consumed every yearC.Merciless killing of the animals lowers their qualityD.They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones问题6选项A.eat traditional produce and meatB.return to mass-produced fruitsC.do the cost and availa

63、bility researchD.try organic product for better health and taste问题7选项A.the benefits of organic food informationB.the challenges facing the world food industryC.changes in food production practicesD.a growing demand high quality food问题8选项A.How farmers use artificial fertilizers and pesticides.B.How to find organic produce in local stores for a reasonable price.C.The production of meat and poultry.D.The future of organic produce.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：你在