2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷91（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题How can you （ ） and watch the country go to ruin?问题1选项A.stand byB.stand forC.stand upD.stand up for【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。stand by袖手旁观，站在旁边；stand for代表，象征；stand up站起来，坚持；stand up for支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。2. 单选题British food has a good reputation, but

2、 English cooking has a bad one. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined from the kitchen so that they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in

3、 an English restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the bad reputation been built up?Perhaps one reason is that Britains Indust

4、rial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result; the quality of food changed too. This was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow t

5、heir own food, or buy it flesh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by “dressing up” the food. The rich middle classes ate 16ng elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs.

6、 French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The “look” of the food was more important than its taste.

7、In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the

8、opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butchers shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it w

9、as possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.1.According to the author, it is difficult to explain（ ） .2.The negative effect of Britains Industrial Revolution on English cooking is that（ ）

10、.3.As a result of the Industrial Revolution,（ ） .4.The Second World War worsened the problem because（ ） .5.A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain（ ） .问题1选项A.why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cookingB.why people do not like English cookingC.why British food often has a n

11、atural flavorD.why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food问题2选项A.the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB.people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC.the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD.Britain was no longer an agricultural country问题3选项A.more

12、attention was given to the look of the foodB.French became the official language in English restaurantsC.a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD.out-of-season delicacies became very expensive问题4选项A.there was an increasing demand for servantsB.there was a lack of raw ing

13、redient supplyC.many women refused to choose meat from butchers shopsD.French chefs dominated English restaurants问题5选项A.when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase flesh meat from a well-stocked butchers shopB.when butter, eggs and cream became availableC.when people started traveling to

14、 other citiesD.after the early 1950s【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的一二句“British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. It is difficult to explain the reason for this.”可知，很难解释的是为什么人们不喜欢英国的烹饪。选项B符合原文。2.根据关键词“Industrial Revolution”定位到第三段，根据本段内容可知，英国工业革命对英国烹饪产生的一个负面影响是“H

15、uge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.”大量的食物被运到城镇，食物在运输的过程中不再新鲜。选项C符合原文。3.根据第四段最后一句“The “look” of the food was more important than its taste.”工业革命使得人们更注重食物的外观而不是口感。选项A符合原文。4.根据关键词“The Second World War ”定位到倒数第二段第三句“The Second World War made

16、 things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce.”二战使得原材料极度匮乏，情况更加糟糕。选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知，在1950年以后，英国出现了一种新的饮食热潮。选项D正确。3. 单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our childrens college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.reveal

17、ing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。4. 单选题The food was divided（ ） according to the age and size of the child.问题1选项A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally【答案】B【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。5. 单选题John played basketball in college and（ ） active ever since.问题1选项A.have

18、 extremely beenB.has been extremelyC.will be extremelyD.should extremely be【答案】B【解析】根据ever since可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去的影响一直持续到现在。所以选项B正确。6. 单选题问题1选项A.cerealB.serialC.seriesD.serious【答案】D【解析】形近词词义辨析。句意: 我们正生活在一个很大的化学实验中，科学家发现一些严重的后果正变得越来越明显。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lendi

19、ng a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.问题1选项A.confirmB.achieveC.matchD.exaggerate【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指任何故事或普通生活都无法与之相匹敌。选项C与划线部分意思最为接近。8. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ） a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.iss

20、uedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth., 意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Organiz

21、ational culture can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and（ ） behaviors of its members.问题1选项A.guidesB.indicatesC.controlsD.supervises【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：组织文化能够被定义为一个共享信仰和价值观且对组织发展有益、对组织成员的行动具有指导意义的系统。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The team leader of mountain clim

22、bers marked out（ ） .问题1选项A.that seemed to be the best routeB.what seemed to be the best routeC.which seemed to be tile best routeD.something that to be the best route【答案】B【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。12. 单选题The annual （ ）of the department store starts tomorrow

23、.问题1选项A.stockingB.stocktakingC.stockpilingD.stockholding【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。stocking长袜；stocktaking 盘点存货；stockpiling贮存，囤积；stockholding 持有股票或证券。句意：百货公司的年度盘点明天开始。选项B符合句意。13. 翻译题美国财政部长亨利保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事务发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威

24、胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员。【答案】Henry Paulson, Treasury Secretary, left Shanghai yesterday, where he made an end of the visit to the three countries in Asia. As the chief economic policy consultant and economic affairs spokesman of the America president, Paulson delivered a keynote addr

25、ess in Shanghai Futures Exchange. And the address was viewed as the latest exposition of the economic policies of the Bush-administration towards China. During the speech, Paulson repeatedly emphasized that Chinas economic growth has benefit but no threat to the global economic growth. He declared t

26、hat America welcomes the development of China to become a member of the global economy.【解析】14. 翻译题The opening of Disneyland will bring many associated investment opportunities. At least four economic sectors will benefit directly. First, property markets. Housing and commercial real estate prices ar

27、ound the Disneyland area are already rising. Second, the tourism sector. After the opening, analysts expect 3 to 5 million more tourists will visit Shanghai every year, bring more business to hotels, travel agencies and retails. Third, brand marketing will give a boost to toy manufactures, publisher

28、s and the gaming industry. Fourth, construction companies and material suppliers will enjoy a huge increase, comparable to the 2010 Shanghai world Expo. Disneylands first phase of construction is expected to cost 24 billion yuan.【答案】迪士尼在上海开园会带来许多相关的投资机会。至少有四个经济领域将直接受益。首先是房地产市场。迪士尼乐园周围的地产商业价格已经上涨。其次是

29、旅游业。开园后，分析师预测每年有300万到500万甚至更多的游客将访问上海，这给酒店、旅行社和零售商带来更多的生意。再次，品牌营销将促进玩具制造业、出版业和游戏行业的发展。不仅如此，施工企业和材料供应商的业务量将大幅度增长，堪比2010年上海世博会。迪士尼乐园的第一期工程预计将耗资240亿人民币。15. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being （ ）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.di

30、scardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是 。根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。16. 写作题Write an essay about 200 words as your answer to the following question:“Should the Chinese government pay more attention and invest more in education for children in the rural

31、 area?” Write your answer on your ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Nowadays, the society called for more efforts to upgrade the education quality in the vast western rural area, where the economy was relatively backward. To improve the education quality in the western provinces, especially in the rural area, we

32、should promote social harmony, coordinate development between the cities and the countryside, and pay attention to the long-term development of the western region. More investment should be injected into the education sector in the western rural area to allow rural students to receive their free nin

33、e-year compulsory education. The government should attract more outstanding teachers to serve in the countryside. Also, more efforts should be made to improve the teaching and boarding facilities for rural students, and teaching methods should also be improved to help students develop creative think

34、ing. The authority should also stress the importance of education for ethnic minorities. More efforts should be made to develop ethnic minority education so as to make contribution to the common prosperity of all nationalities.17. 单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtak

35、ing 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析和上下文语义。soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in 9 years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。18. 单选题Topics for composition should be （ ） to the experiences and interests o

36、f the students.问题1选项A.concernedB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与相连”；be relevant to意为“与有关的”。选项D符合语境。19. 单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range

37、of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小心谨慎的。trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。20. 单选题Our car trunk（ ） with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.问题1选项A.went crammingB.was crammedC.is crammingD.was been crammed【答案】B【解析】be crammed with为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。