2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷29（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。刑法不得溯及既往。法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。他对债务负主要责任。本合同的任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。【答案】Marital property is also part of the common property.The criminal law shall not be retroactive.The court rejected the plaintiffs claim.He w

2、as mainly responsible for the debt.Any changes or modification of this contract must be written in order to be effective.2. 单选题A building has two main structural functions. It must shelter people from the elements and it must transmit all loads safely to the ground. Loads are of two kinds, dead and

3、live. Dead loads are those of the building itself. They vary in different parts of the building according to the heights and materials used.Engineers can easily calculate these loads, because they know the weights and positions of all the parts of the building. Live loads are the weights of the peop

4、le and things in the building. Engineers have done research into live loadings and have produced statistics for all kinds of loads. They know, for example, that the normal floor loading of an office building is about 40 pounds for every square foot.In many countries, the greatest loadings allowed ar

5、e stated in regulations. When authorities approve the design of a new building, they make sure that the building will safely take the loads stated. The calculations include a safety factor of three or fourthat is, the structure is three or four times as it needed be to avoid collapse. The extra stre

6、ngth allows for occasional overloading and for small heavy loads, such as an office safe. The extra strength also allows for deterioration of the structure.The architect must design the building to stand up to wind pressures. And in some countries such as Japan, the building must also withstand eart

7、hquakes. Earthquakes cause abnormal stresses in a buildings structure, especially at the joints between beams and columns.The main types of structure used to support building include load-bearing walls, frames and the shell structures. Architects may use space-frames and shells for large one-floored

8、 buildings, such as aircraft hangars, exhibition halls and swimming-pools. These structures can form wide-span roofs without any central support pillars. A space frame consists of a rigid network of metal girders. A shell may be of concrete or wood, forming a high arched roof. Many shell structures

9、have beautiful geometrical shapes.1.An appropriate title for the above article should be（ ）.2.One of the main structural functions of a building is（ ）.3.The safety factor of a building must be（ ）.4.are the main types of structures used to support buildings（ ）.5.All the stresses are mentioned in the

10、passage except（ ）.问题1选项A.The Methods of ConstructionB.The Contracting SystemC.The Principles of BuildingD.Constructing a Large Building问题2选项A.to provide shelter for people at nightB.to transmit all loads safely to the groundC.to stand up to wind pressureD.to serve as a kind decoration in the city问题3

11、选项A.twice as strong as the wind pressure to avoid collapseB.three of four times as strong as it needed be to avoid collapseC.explained to the residents who live in the buildingD.reported to the government upon completion of the building问题4选项A.Wide-span roofs and shell structuresB.Pillars and columns

12、C.Concrete walls and framesD.Load-bearing walls, frames and shell structures问题5选项A.wind pressuresB.stresses caused by earthquakesC.rain pressureD.stresses of the building itself【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段指出建筑有两个主要的结构功能以及两种负载能力。下文接着讲到了建筑承重的问题，由此可以推断，本文主要讲的是建筑原则，选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第

13、二句“It must shelter people from the elements and it must transmit all loads safely to the ground. 它必须为人们提供躲避恶劣天气的场所，并且必须将所有的货物安全运送到地面。”只有选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段倒数第三句“the structure is three or four times as it needed be to avoid collapse. （建筑）结构是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“The ma

14、in types of structure used to support building include load-bearing walls, frames and the shell structures. 支撑建筑物的主要结构类型包括承重墙、框架和壳体结构。”选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据第四段的一二句“The architect must design the building to stand up to wind pressures. And in some countries such as Japan, the building must also withstand

15、 earthquakes. 建筑师必须设计出经得起风压的建筑物。在日本等一些国家，建筑物还必须经受起地震。”由此可知，选项A和B均有提及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Dead loads are those of the building itself. 静载荷是建筑物本身的负载。”由此可知，选项D在文中也有提及。只有选项C没有提及，所以本题选C。3. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.credita

16、ble【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。4. 单选题The young should be（ ）to the old.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectedD.respective【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的”；B选项 respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌

17、的”；C选项respected“受尊敬的”；D选项respective“分别的，各自的”。句意：年轻人应该恭敬的对待老人。选项B符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following into English.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家

18、等等都莫不如此。 【答案】What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitude is towards work and life.Throu

19、ghout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our cou

20、ntry.6. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmerss representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused en

21、try at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is

22、almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He cl

23、aims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not

24、 for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to conta

25、in traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads

26、 to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Incr

27、easing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A

28、 spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how

29、 to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.Accordin

30、g to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A.GM material is possible to be preventedB.European laws are impracticalC.Only the international s

31、upply chain can workD.Goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found问题3选项A.They think its reasonable for people to worry about GMs influence.B.They think its understandable to set an absolute limit on GM products.C.They will be broken if EU help them to limit GM effect.D.They think 0.5 percen

32、t is too high a standard.问题4选项A.Trade is going down all the wayB.People still sign trade on timeC.Goods are getting more expensiveD.Merchants try risking trading again问题5选项A.Because the European officials are to be replacedB.Because the policy is the result of the intensive discussion.C.Because it w

33、ants to eliminate the doubts about the GM crops safety.D.Because the price of GM crops is very high.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长Pekka Pesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦

34、，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pekka Pesonen”定位到第二段的内容“Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe

35、, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“ The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, hi

36、gher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“.introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops.（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑

37、”。选项C符合原文。7. 单选题One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been （ ）with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embracedB.adjustedC.alternatedD.integrated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项adjust“调整”；C选项alternate“交替，轮流”；D选项integrate“使完整”。句意：这门课程吸引人的特点之一是实际工作与

38、学科理论方面结合的方法。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题His（ ）book will deal with industrial relations.问题1选项A.actualB.forthcomingC.promptD.eventual【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项 actual“实际的”；B选项forthcoming“即将来临的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D选项eventual“最终的”。句意：他即将出版的书将论述劳资关系。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989,

39、 exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a childs immune system, much like sensory experiences program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on

40、 the bodys own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called old friends theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. “The vast majority of microbes are

41、 harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern University.In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and

42、rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of peanut allergy in the US tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare

43、 in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious diseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower

44、the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell, an infectious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vi

45、gilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If youre not doing it ten times a day, youre probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Ste

46、rilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread.Many experts advise common sense. “We dont want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. But we ca

47、n say theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation, and they wont die from eating something off the floor. Its probably more healthy than not.”1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（ ）.2.What

48、 if we live without any microorganisms?3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases（ ）.4.What does Michael Bell suggest we do in daily life?5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.eliminates childhood diseases such as asthma and alle

49、rgiesB.proves to be an important prevention against cancerC.proves to be necessary for the development of immune systemD.increases susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases问题2选项A.We will never be involved in the allergies.B.We will eradicate the outbreaks of many infectious diseases.C.We ma

50、y miss an important part of human development.D.We may find no effective medical cure to many disease.问题3选项A.has nothing to do with that of various infectious diseasesB.is exactly the same with that of various infectious diseasesC.is completely opposite to that of various infectious diseasesD.shows

51、no comparability with that of various infectious diseases问题4选项A.Be careful about wound care.B.Wash hands within 10 times a day.C.Consult health-care workers.D.Sterilize your hands every day.问题5选项A.Children should be encouraged to play in dirty places.B.More efforts should be made in public health.C.

52、Parents neednt worry about children playing in the dirt.D.Excessive cleanness is required at home but not outdoors.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Many of

53、these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called “old friends” theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. 许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。3.判断推断题。根据关键词“French

54、researchers”定位到第三段最后一句“The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious diseases. says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与

55、原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“Michael Bell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“Michael Bell, ., says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. Michael Bell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗

56、手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“. theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation,.孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中.”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。10. 单选题By signing the lease we made a（ ）to pay a rent of $200 a week.问题1选项A.concepti

57、onB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项conception“概念，设想”；B选项commission“委员会；佣金”；C选项commitment“承诺，保证”；D选项confinement“限制，监禁”。句意：通过签订租约，我们承诺每周支付200美元的租金。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题To（ ）the risk of theft, install a good alarm system.问题1选项A.decreaseB.minimizeC.limitD.eliminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项decre

58、ase“减少，降低”；B选项minimize“最小化”；C选项limit“限制”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：为了消除被盗的风险，安装一个好的报警系统。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题My brother is a painter and works in a（ ）.问题1选项A.studioB.stallC.senateD.stage【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项studio“工作室，画室”；B选项stall“货摊”；C选项senate“参议院”；D选项stage“舞台”。句意：我的兄弟是个画家，在一个画室工作。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题He is acting a

59、s（ ）while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题If you reveal your friends secrets, you will（ ） him.问题1选项A.lureB.disturbC.alienateD.control【答案】C【解析】动

60、词辨析题。A选项lure“诱惑”；B选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；C选项alienate“使疏远”；D选项control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你将会和他疏远。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题Ive heard that you are going to（ ）the bosss job when she retires.问题1选项A.put up withB.put in forC.put out toD.put in on【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。A选项put up with“忍受，容忍”；B选项put in for“申请”；C选项put out to“拿出去”；D选项p

61、ut in on没有此搭配。句意：我听说你打算在老板退休后申请（接替）她的职位。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题He has spent all the money and made no（ ）for the future.问题1选项A.proverbB.provisionC.prospectD.province【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项proverb“谚语，格言”；B选项 provision“规定，条款，供应品”；C选项prospect“前途，预期”；D选项province“领域，职权”。句意：他花光了所有的钱，没有为将来做准备。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题A（ ）examinat

62、ion is one which is in preparation for something.问题1选项A.predominantB.prematureC.perfectibleD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B选项premature“不成熟的”；C选项perfectible“可完成的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：初步的测试是为某事做准备的考试。选项D符合句意。18. 单选题A comprehensive market system should be established to（ ）the flow of talent, funds and materials.问题1选项A.sufficeB.necessitateC.facilitateD.fabricate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项suffice“使满足”；B选项necessita