2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷19（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The decision of the university to close the swimming pool at weekends an angry reaction among students.问题1选项A.nurturedB.provokedC.cultivatedD.stimulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured “培育”；provoked “激起，挑衅”；cultivated “发展；耕作”；stimulated “促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈

2、的反对。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very few _.问题1选项A.failuresB.defectsC.routesD.spots【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures “失败”；defects “缺点”；routes “路线”；spots “斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题This is an ideal site for a unive

3、rsity it is far from the downtown area.问题1选项A.provided thatB.now thatC.in thatD.so that【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。provided that “如果；条件是”；now that “既然，由于”；in that “因为，由于”；so that “以便，所以”。句意：这里是建大学的理想场所，因为它离市中心很远。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, Sally has developed the habit of at people.问题1选项A.peerin

4、gB.gazingC.glancingD.scanning【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思，但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详；gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”，因此可知选项A符合题意。句意：由于有点近视，萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。5. 单选题Although the two players are in the tennis court, they are really good friends in daily life.问题1选项A.partn

5、ersB.enemiesC.rivalsD.opponents【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner “合作伙伴”；enemy “敌人”；rival “竞争对手”；opponent “反对者”。句意：虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手，但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。6. 填空题The Food and Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule

6、 represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that currently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.Changes include requirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamina

7、tion in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how to execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation meet certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooke

8、d. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their hands, _7_ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked at temperatures high enough to kill bacteria.Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estima

9、ted that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollars a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules

10、would protect consumers better.【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，_防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The _rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。3.

11、根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程_在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由_如何执行这些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“While food producers would have”可判断空格部分“food _”。句意为：食品_需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断produ

12、cers生产者、制造者符合句意。6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品_煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和接触、接触到。7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里_便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者_是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断u

13、ltimately最后、最终符合句意。9. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的_中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。10. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。7. 单选题It should be that as individuals gifted students are endowed with certain attributes which repres

14、ent their potential success in life.问题1选项A.remindedB.perceivedC.markedD.noted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。remind “提醒，使想起”；perceive “理解，认知”；mark “标志”；note “注意；记录”。句意：要认识到一点：作为个体，有天赋的学生被赋予了某些特性，这些特性代表着他们生命中潜在的成功。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项

15、A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题The greatest social change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children.

16、A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. D.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fiftie

17、s and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thi

18、rty-five years and she is likely to take paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenient foods.This important change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic po

19、sition. Even a few year ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. B.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though wom

20、en tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job. B.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and sati

21、sfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.1. According the passage, the woman of today usually .2. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .3

22、. Many girls the passage claims are now likely to .4. According to the passage, it is now quite usually for women to .5. Nowadays, a husband tends to .问题1选项A.gets married instead of getting paid workB.marries before she is twenty-fiveC.has more children under fifteenD.has fewer children问题2选项A.is you

23、nger when her children are old enough to look after themselvesB.does not like children herselfC.does not need to worry about food for her childrenD.can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty问题3选项A.give up their jobs for good after they are marriedB.leave school as soon as they ca

24、nC.marry so that they can get a jobD.continue working until they are going to have babies问题4选项A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.marry while still at school问题5选项A.share more family dutiesB.help his wife by doing most of the hous

25、ehold workC.feel dissatisfied with his role in the familyD.take a part-time job so that he can help in the home【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Today women marry younger and have fewer children），因此选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在

26、的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born可知选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工作（Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job），因此选项C符合

27、题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties andsatisfactions可知选项A符合题意。10. 单选题During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the _ of a wide audience outside Italy.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciat

28、ionC.reputationD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition “识别，承认”；appreciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Because of careless washing, the woolen sweater to a childs size.问题1选项A.compressedB.droppedC.shrankD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨

29、析。compress “压缩，压紧”；drop “推动；帮助”；shrink “收缩”；diminish “减少”。根据关键信息a childs size可知羊毛衫缩小，因此选项C符合题意。句意：由于洗涤不当，这件羊毛衫缩小成了儿童尺寸。12. 单选题According to doctors, if one can the bottle and cigarettes, one can usually be much healthier.问题1选项A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.leave off【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。take off “起飞；离开”；ke

30、ep off “让开；不接近”；get off “动身”；leave off “停止”。句意：根据医生的说法，如果一个人能远离烟酒，他会更健康。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of g

31、oods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyz

32、ing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor

33、 to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the co

34、nsumerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to consumers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 when Coca Col

35、a changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _.2.

36、 What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?3. In Paragraph 1, “to move as much of these goods as possible” means .4. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?5. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on .问题1选项A.

37、a form of persuasive salesmanshipB.the consumer-centered approachC.making goods available for purchaseD.the quick movement of goods问题2选项A.The needs of the marketB.The preferences of the dealerC.The efficiency of the productionD.The satisfaction of the user问题3选项A.to redesign these good for large-scal

38、e productionB.to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC.to sell the largest possible amount of goodsD.to dispose of these goods in large quantities问题4选项A.Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumerB.Consumers tastes are often difficult to pleaseC.It takes time for a new product

39、to be accepted by the publicD.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people问题5选项A.its social impactB.its possible consequenceC.its theoretical basisD.its main characteristic【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到着眼于消费者的方法被称为营销概念（This eye-on-the-consumer approach is

40、known as the marketing concept），因此选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段第二句话提到就在几年前，大多数行业主要集中在产品的高效生产上（Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods），因此选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据persuasive salesmanship(富有说服力的推销术)可知move as much of those goods as possible意味着是尽可能多地将物品推销出去，因

41、此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到可口可乐改变饮料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢复原来的口味这个例子（A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink）说明迎合消费者需求的重要性，因此选项A符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章主要讲述了营销概念的特征以消费者需求为导向（eye-on-the-consumer approach），因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选

42、题There are nowadays not many teachers who are strong of traditional methods in classroom teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Sponsors “赞助商”；contributors “贡献者，参与者”；advocates “拥护者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，执行者”。句意：现在提倡在教学中使用传统方法的老师不多了。选项C符合题意。15. 翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占

43、世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a huge market with big

44、 potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic glob

45、alization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.16. 单选题For many years, artists have flocked to Paris, France, to paint or to learn to paint. Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty. They went to paint pictures of the broad tr

46、ee-lined streets, the great churches, and the graceful river bridges. The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art. Paris had great art museums, filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries. And the people of Paris had always welcomed ne

47、w ideas. In this city artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting. As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings. Men called art dealers set up galleries where paintings could be bought and sold. Others kept shops that sold artist

48、s paints and supplies. Students and the artists who were not yet famous could live in Paris for very little money. They learned by studying great art in the museums, and they learned from one another. They held art fairs, hanging their paintings outdoors along the streets.Today, New York City and Fl

49、orence, Italy, are also famous art centers. But the worlds principal art exhibits are still held in Paris. Important judges of art live there. Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris. So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the w

50、orlds leading art center.1. Artists first went to Paris because .2. Artists still go to Paris now because .3. The main idea of the story is about .4. The story leads us to believe .5. The story does not say so, but it makes us think .问题1选项A.it was very beautifulB.it was cheap to live thereC.there we

51、re a lot of streets, bridges and churchesD.there were a lot of art museums问题2选项A.it is still very beautifulB.it is still cheap to live thereC.there are more art museumsD.it is the leading art center of the world问题3选项A.the worlds most famous art centerB.how to buy a painting in ParisC.the famous art

52、centers of New York and FlorenceD.art museums and art dealers问题4选项A.all artists who go to Paris will become famousB.the people of Paris have never liked new ideasC.people can buy fine paintings in ParisD.Paris is the most beautiful city in the world问题5选项A.that Paris is famous for its artists paintsB

53、.that there is more than one way to paintC.that art fairs are held in galleriesD.that few artists will go to Paris in the future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到也许艺术家第一次去巴黎是因为它的美（Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty）,，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句话提到艺术家和艺术交易商

54、仍然去巴黎，因为它是世界领先的艺术中心（So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the worlds leading art center），因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章讲述的信息都是关于巴黎，而巴黎是世界著名的艺术中心，因此选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第一段提到很多著名的画家在巴黎作画，人们可以买这些画（As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paint

55、ings），由此可知人们在巴黎可以买到好画，选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到在过去一百年里，很多新的绘画方式都始于巴黎（Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris），由此可知不止一种绘画方式，因此选项B符合题意。17. 单选题When the British government tried to new employment legislation, there was a general strike.问题1选项A.enhan

56、ceB.reinvigorateC.attributeD.implement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance “提高”；reinvigorate “使再振兴”；attribute “归属，归功于”；implement “实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiv

57、eD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a la

58、rge city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massi

59、ve tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous - cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers

60、 feel isolated from the rest of the world. D.Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in t

61、hat a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true

62、that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often