电机方向课程设计

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1、题 目（算例）：Y132M-4额定数据与性能指标1、电机型号Y132M -42、额定功率Pn=7.5千瓦3、额定频率fN =50赫4、额定电压及接法Un=380伏A5、极数 2P=46、绝缘等级 B0.857、力能指标：效率 0.853 0.878、功率因数cos 0.849、最大转矩倍数Tm 2.210、起动性能：起动电流倍数Ist 7,起动转矩倍数Tst 2.2算例（一）额定数据和主要尺寸：1 .额定功率：匕 7.5KW2 .额定电压：Un Un 380V（ 接）3 .功电流：IkW -P 7.5 10 A 6.58A mUN 3 3804 .效率： 0.875 .功率因素：cos 0.8

2、56 .极对数：p 27 .定转子槽数每相每极槽数取整数q1 3WJZ1 2mpq12 3 2 3 36Z2 32并采用斜肩平底槽8 .定转子每极槽数Zpi乙2p36 94Zp2Z22p32 849 .确定电机电机主要尺寸主要尺寸来确定DJ和lefKe0.01081n Pn 0.013p0.9310.01081n 7.5 0.013 20.9310.927计算功率KePn cos0.9277.5 1030.87 0.859.4KW初选 ap0.68 , KNm1.095 , Kdp10.96可取 A25600 Am ,取 B0.67T ,假定 n1440rzmin 一一_1.5V T?jE a

3、p K NmKdp1 A B n按定子内外径比求出定子冲片外径D；Di10.141 0.2203mDii/D0.64取 D10.22mDi1 D1 (Di1 D) 0.22/0.640.141m铁心的有效长度：L 三照240.163mDi2 0.1412取铁心长li 0.160m10 .气隙的确定0.3(0.4 7 Di1li) 10 30.3 (0.4 7.0.141 0.160) 10 3m_ 30.4 10 m于是铁心有效长度 lef li 2(0.160 2 0.0004)m 0.161m转子外径 D2Di1 2(0.141 2 0.0004)m 0.140m转子内径先按转轴直径：Di

4、2 0.048m11.极距Di10.1410.111m2p4D i10.14112 .定子齿距 t1 i1 0.0123mZ136转子齿距 t2 -D2 -0.140 0.0161mZ23213 .定子绕组采用单层绕组，交叉式，节距 1-9, 2-10, 11-1214 .为了削弱齿谐波磁场的影响，转子采用斜槽，一般斜一个定子齿距L,于是转子斜槽宽bsk 0.0130m15 .设计定子绕组并联支路a1 1.每槽导体数Ns1 3216 .每相串联匝数N 1*12 32T 384m1al3 1每相串联匝数N1山384 1922217.绕组线规设计初选定子电密J； 4.0Amm2 ,计算导线并绕根数

5、和每根导线截面积的乘积。I18.902Ni1Ac1 : 2.22mma1J11 4.0其中定子电流初步估计值(I11 KWcos05 8.90A选用截面积相近的铜线：高强度漆包线，并绕根数Ni1 2,线径d1 1.18mm,绝缘后直径 d 1.25mm,截面积 A；11.0936mm2, Ni1A；1 2.1872mm218.设计定子槽形,Di1 2(h01 hsn).bi1minblZ130.140 2 (0.8 0.924) 10 67 10 336.5.9 10 3mbilminDii2外1IM支Z2。_一_ 3 _n0.141 2 (0.8 14.5) 10 2 44 10 33636

6、.17 10 3m取 bi16.04 10 3m19.槽在面积As2n bs12(hs2h)2 4.4 6.72(14.5 0.5)4.422按槽绝缘采用 DMDMfi合绝缘,138.9 10 6m 2 360其中a p 20Z136i 0.3mm ,槽楔为h 0.5mm,复合板，槽绝缘占面积。A i(2h12ri)0.0003 (2 0.01450.0044) 12.8 10 6m2描温玄q 山$.2 32 1.252不管满率 Sf 79.4%Aef126.120 .绕组系数Kp1 1 p I. qa. 3 20sinsinKd2- 2 0.95981 a 20 qsin 3sin 22Kd

7、p1 Kd1Kpi 1 0.9598 0.9598每相有效用联导体数N 1 Kdp1 384 0.9598 36821 .设计转子槽形与转子绕组 预计转子导条电流： 3N ikdpi3 368 AAI2k1I1p- 0.90 8.90 A 245.64AZ236其中ki 0.90由资料查出。初步取转子导条电密Jb 3.5Amm2 ,于是导条的截面积：AB- .一mm270.18mm2Jb 3.5bi 2 maxD22(hs21 hs02)bs21Z20.1 6.13 10 m 2 (1.30 0.5)1035.5 10 3m3237.89 10 mbi2minD2 2(hs21 hs02 hs

8、22)h bs22Z23 0.14 2 (23 0.5) 10 3-3- 3 10 m32bi2bi2136.13K 1bi2max (b 2maxbi2min )3313310- (7.89 106.13 10 )m6.72 103m导条截面积(转子槽面积)b02 bs12bs12 bs22 .AB(二)hs12( 二)h s22221553552(-)1.30 (-) (23 1.30)m 2296.45 10 6m2估计端环电流, Z232.IRI；,245.64一 A625.5A2 p4端环所需面积, AR -R- -mm2 297.9mm2JR 2.1其中 端环电密Jr 0.6Jb

9、2.1A/mm2得端环所需面积为AR 250 10 6m2(二)磁路计算22 .满载电势初设 kE (1 L) 0.940E1 (1 L)UN 0.940 380V 357.2V23 .每极磁通初设ks 1.25由图3-5查得kNm1.090Ei4kNmkdpi fNiWb357.24 1.090 0.9598 50 192 0.00889Wb为计算磁路各部分磁密，需先计算磁路中各部分的磁导截面24 .每极下齿部截面积Ai kFelhZpi 0.95 0.160 6.04 103 9 8.26 10 3m2A2kFelib2Zp2 0.95 0.160 6.72 10 3 8 8.17 10

10、3m225 .定子腕部高度hj1D1Di22hs2%130.22 0.14123(0.8 14.5 4.4) 104.4310 m319.3 10 m转子腕部高度D2 Di20.140 0.04833hj2 - hs2 (23 0.5) 1022.5 10 m腕部导磁截面积Aj1kFelihj1 0.95 0.160 19.3 10 3m2 2.934 10 3m2(3232Aj2 kFelihj2 0.95 0.160 22.5 10 m3.42 10 m26. 一极下空气隙截面积22A 占 0.111 0.163m0.01809m27.波幅系数FsBavap10.681.4728 .气隙磁

11、密计算B 已闻 0.00889 TA 0.018090.722T29 .定子齿部磁密:BiiFsAi1.47 0.008898.26 101.561T30 .转子齿部磁密Bi2FsAi21.47 0.008898.17 101.578T31 .从D23磁化曲线找出对应上述磁密的磁场强度:Hi1 32.6 A cm H i2 37.8 A cm32 .有效气隙长度ef k 1.025 0.4 10 3m 0.41 103m其中气隙系数为kt1(4.40.75b01)1 t(4.40.75b01)b210.0123 (4.4 0.4 10 3 0.75 3.5 10 3)0.0123 (4.4 0

12、.4 10 3 0.75 3.5 10 3) (3.5 10 3)21.023kt2(4.40.75b02)2 t2(4.40.75b02)b020.0161 (4.4 0.4 10 3 0.75 1 10 3)0.0161 (4.4 0.4 10 3 0.75 1 10 3) (1 10 3)21.0025k k 1k 1 1.023 1.0025 1.02533 .齿部磁路计算长度Li 2(h12h21)1 r213h22) r213/1, c14.5 一 4.4m 15.97323 10 3m34.腕部磁路计算长度Lj1 、(Di hji)2P些3Hm3878.87 10 3m 3)Lj

13、1(Di hji)2p022 19.3 103)m3 878.87 103m 335.气隙磁压降1.025_ _ 304FA 235.57A36.齿部磁压降Fi1乩八132.6102 15.97 10 3A 52.06AFi2H i2Li223231037.8 10 A 86.94A37.饱和系数Fi2235.57 52.06 86.941.258235.57_ 1.258 1.25 =1.25838 .定子腕部磁密0.63% 1%,合格0.00889Bj132 Aj12 2.934 10 3T 1.450T39 .转子腕部磁密Bj20.008892 Aj22 3.42 103 T 1.242

14、T340 .从D23磁化曲线找出对应上述磁密的磁场强度:H j1 15.5 A cm H j2 73.8 A cm41 .腕部磁压降：其中腕部磁位降校正系数由资料的附图查出hji19.3 10 30.1110.174Bj1 1.450T 于是 510.410Fj1Cj1Hj1Lj1 0.410 15.5 102 78.81 103 50.08A,hj122.5 10 30.1110.203, Bj2 1.242T 于是 Cj2 0.410Fj2 Cj2Hj2Lj20.410 7.38 102 27.69 103 8.991A42 .每极磁势F FFi1 Fi2Fj1 Fj2(22.741 33

15、.86 54.51 50.08 8.99)A 374.85A43 .满载磁化电流：F4_JZ4A 3.014A0.9m1N1kdp1 0.9 3 192 0.959844 .磁化电流标么值必 3014 0.458Ikw 6.5845 .励磁电抗2X 八msm1 (N1kdp1),4 f 0- l efksPef6_24 50 0.4103 (192 0.9598)0.167 0.1111.258 2 0.41 10 3*XXms ms八 msI kWUn146.46 6.583802.536（三）参数计算46 .线圈平均半匝长单层线圈lc 1b Kc y =0.195+1.2 X0.09929

16、=0.314mlB 1t 2dl=0.165+2 X0.015=0.195m”Di1 2(h0 h11) h21 r21 /2p=兀0.141+2(0.8+0.924)+(14.5-0.924) 乂 10-3+4.4 乂 10-3/2 X2=99.29 X 10-3m节距比2/3 0 1,取 =0.8其中d1是线圈直线部分伸出铁心的长度，取 1030mmkc是经验系数取1.247 .单层线圈端部平均长IE 2dl Kc y 2X0.015+1.2 X0.0993=0.150m c y48 .漏抗系数Cx=4 f 0(N1Kdp1)2*PN/m1pUN 2=4X X 50X0.4 X 10-7

17、(0.9598 X 192) 2X0.163 X 7.5 X 10-3/3 X2X 3802=0.0378749 .定子槽比漏磁导s1 K u1 u1 Kl1 L1u1=1.24h01bd2hii(boi bii)= 0.8 2 0.924 3.5 3.5 6.7=0.4i0Li =0.830因凶(i4.5 0.924)=i.5432r2i2 4.4bii2r2i6.72 4.4=0.76其中 Kui = Kli=i50 .定子槽漏抗Y *2mplti siCxXsi2乙Kdpi lef2 3 2 0.i60 i.24 Cx=236 0.95982 0.i63=0.440 CX5i.定子谐波漏

18、抗*miSCXX i -efKdpi Ks二 3 0.iii 0.009Cx =2320.4i i0 0.9598 i.368=0.5877CX其中 S=0.009 52.定子端部漏抗单层交叉式绕组的端部漏抗与分组的单层同心式绕组相近则：*0.47(1e 0.64 y)CxX ei2Kdpi lef= 0.47(0.150 0.64 0.0993)Cx0.163 0.95982=0.270CX53 .定子漏抗 *X 1 Xs1 X 1Xei=(0.440+0.5877+0.27 ) CX=1.2977CX=0.049154 .转子槽比漏磁导s2 u2 L2 0.5 1.73 2.23h020.

19、5u20.5b021L22h12(b02b12) L2 1.30(1 5.5) 1.330=1.73h/b 2=7.6 , b1/b 2=1.83查表得3=1.33055 .转子槽漏抗*Xs22mlplt2 s1cxZ2lef56 .转子谐波漏抗mRCxefKs3 0.111 0.0150Cx2 0.41 10 3=0.9023 CX查表得 R=0.01557 .转子端部漏抗*Xe20.757(1 条 lt21.13DR) CX Xe2*2p lef= 0.757 0.132Cx-0.163 4=0.150 G58 .转子斜槽漏抗Xsk*0.5(bskt2) 3 0.160 2.23Cx32

20、0.163X 2*=0.5(0.O%0161)2 0.9023Cx=0.29G59 .转子漏抗*X 2 Xs2 X 2 X E2 Xsk二(0.821+0.9023+0.15+0.29) C=2.1633 G=0.081960 .总漏抗* * *X X 1 X 2=0.131R _ 2NilcR 1 NtiAci i= 0.0217 10 6 2 192 0.3142 1.0936 10 6 1=1.19662 .定子相电阻标幺值R*= RIIJkW Un= 1.196 6.58 380=0.020763 .有效材料定子导线重量Gw ClcNsZNt1Ac1=1.05 X 0.314 X 32

21、 X 36X 1.0936 X 10-6 X 8.9 乂 103=7.393 kg式中C为考虑导线绝缘和引线重量的系数，漆包圆铜线取 1.05为导线密度硅钢片重量GFe =Kfelt(Dl)2 Fe=0.95X0.163 X (0.22+0.005 ) 2X 7.8 X10-3=61.897 kg式中为冲剪余量，取5X10-3m64 .转子电阻导条电阻折算值2DKB LB 4m1 (N1Kdp1 )Rb =AbZ2= 0.0434 10 6 1.04 0.195 4 3 (192 0.9598)296.45 10 6 32=1.162式中KB是叠片不整齐造成导条电阻增加的系数端环电阻折算值2D

22、 _ DRZ2m1 (N1Kdp1 )& =32 P 3.14 4 250 10 6 32=0.03716导条电阻标幺值R*= RBJkw =1.16 6.58 =0.02012U n 380端环电阻标幺值ArZ26_20.0434 1032 0.132 4 3 (192 0.9598)RrI kwUn0.3716 6.58380=0.00643转子电阻标么值R2* =R* +0=0.02655(四)工作性能计算10.8965 .满载时定子电流有功分量标么值1.123666 .满载时转子电流无功分量标么值Ix*= 1X *I 1p*21+(1X *I 1P*)2=1.0216X0.1 3944

23、X(1.1 236)2 X1+(1.02 16X0.1 394X 1.1 236)2=0.1810.04912.536=1.021667 .满载时定子电流无功分量标么值I 1Q* =I m*+ I x*=0.469+0.143=0.6568满载电势标么值Ke=1- L*、二1 -( 11p R + I 1Q X 1 )=1-(1.1236 X 0.0 207+0.65X0.0 491)=0.942与22项初设值相符69.空载时电势标么值* * * * _ _ . . _ 1- 0=1 Im X 1 =1-0.309 X0.0419 =0.97670 .空载时定子齿磁密Bt10=(1-) Bt1

24、=(0.97%.942) 1.58 =1.637T71 .空载时转子齿磁密Bt20=(1-L) Bt2 (0976) 1.60=1.658T1 l 0.94272空载时定子腕磁密Bj10 = (1一)Bi1 (0976) 1.45=1.502T1 L j 0.94273 .空载时转子腕磁密Bj20 = (1_0-)Bi2(0.976) 1.242 =1.287T1 L j 0.94274 .空载时气隙磁密B 0=(10)B(076) 0.722 =0.748T1 L 0.94275 .空载时定子齿部磁压降Ft10 =H10岛=46.8 义 102X 15.97 义 10-3=74.74A76

25、.空载时转子齿部磁压降Ft20=Ht20Lt2=53.4 X 102X23X 10-3=122.82A77 .空载时定子腕部磁压降Fj10=Cj1 Hj10Lj1 =0.40 X20.1 X 102X 78.81 乂 10-3=63.36A78 .空载时转子腕部磁压降Fj20=C2 H20=0.43 X8.90 乂 102X 27.69 X 10-3=10.597A79 .空气隙磁压降K B。0=244.05A1.025 0.748 0.4 100.410 680 .空载总磁压降F00 Ft10Ft20Fj10 Fj20 F 0=74.74+122.82+63.36+10.597+244.05

26、=504.97A81 .空载磁化电流.2pF001 m00.9 mNKdp1二 2 2 504.97-0.9 3 192 0.9598 =4.06A（四）工作性能计算82 .定子电流标么值*2*222-Ii= (I ip I iq)= (1.12360.65 )=1.249定子电流实际值* _ _ _ _I1111kw 1.249 X6.58=8.51A83 .定子电流密度 Ii8.51 c .2Ji= 3.89 A. mma1Nt1ACl1 1.093684 .线负荷Ai=mNdDii3 320 8.513.14 0.14122132A m85 .转子电流标么值I2*=.(I*2ipI*2x

27、)=.(1.123620.18432) =1.139转子电流实际值*.I 2 = I 2 I kwZ2=1.139 6.583 384 0.959832=258.96A端环电流实际值I 2Z2I R- 258.96 322 3.14 2659.4 A86 .转子电流密度导条电密J ”J BAb258.96.22.685 A mm96.45端环电密659.422.64 A mm25087 .定子电气损耗*2 *2Pcu1I1 R1 =1.294 X 0.0207=0.03473pcu1PCu1 PN 0.0347 义 7.5 义 103=260.25W88 .转子电气损耗*2*2PAl2I2 R

28、2 =1.139 x 0.0 2655=0.0344Pai2 = Pai2* Pn=0.0344 X 7.5 X 103=258W89 .附加损耗铜条转子*Ps =0.023Ps= Ps Pn=0.02 X7.5 X 10=150W90 .机械损耗二级封闭自扇冷式Pf w = (3/p) Di)4X104= (3 2x (0.2 2)4X 104=52.7W机械损耗标么值Pfw= Pf w/ P n=52.7/7.5 X 103=0.0070391 .定子铁耗(1)定子腕重量G=4pALt1 Fe=4X 2X2.934 X 10-3X78.81 X 10-3X7.8 X 103=14.43 k

29、g(2) 定子齿重量G=2pAiLji Fe =4X 2X 8.26 X 10-3 X 15.97 X 10-3X7.8 X 103=4.116 kg(3)损耗系数Phet =6.8Phej=5.1(4)定子齿损耗PFet= Ki Phet Gt=2X 5.10 X 14.43=147.2 W(5)定子腕损耗PFq= K2Phej G =2.5 X 6.80 X 4.116=69.97 W(6)定子铁耗PFe= PFet+ PFej=147.2+69.97=217.17 W对于半闭口槽按经验取Ki=2 K2=2.5铁耗标么值Pf；= PfJ P n=217.17/7.5 X 103=0.029

30、92 .总损耗标么值2p*= Pcu1* +PAl2* +Pfw* +PS* +PFe*=0.0347+0.0344+0.02+0.00703+0.029=0.125193 .输出功率Pni*=1+2 p*=1+0.1251=1.125194 .效率=1-2 p*/ Pni*=1-0.1251/1.1251=0.869%(87% 86.9%)/87%=0.115%0.5%95 .功率因数cos =I ip*/I i*=1.1249/1.294=0.8796 .转差率5- PAl1 PA12 Ps PFer Pfw=0.0344-1 0.0344 0.02 0.0154 0.007=0.0319

31、*, PFetrPFeirPFer =Pn(1 0.5) 147.2 (1 0.4) 69.97 =:7.5 10=0.015497 .转速nN=(60f/p)(1 S)=60X 50/2 X(1 -0.0319)=1452r/min98 .最大转矩倍数T*,1 Snm -*2*22(R JR X )=1 0.03192 (0.0207 ,.(0.02072 0.1312)-2.74(五)起动性能计算99 .起动电流假设值I st -(2.53.5)TmI kw=3X 3.157 X 6.58-59.1A100 .起动时定转子槽磁势平均值Fst- I(N/a1)0.707 Ku1+K12&1(

32、Z1/Z2) 7(1 0)-59.1 X 32X0.707 X 1+0.95982X 1X(36/32) X J0.976=2836.5A101空气隙中漏磁场的虚拟磁密Bl=0 Fst/2C=0.4 兀 X 10-6 X 2836.5/2 义0.4义 103 X 0.9 367 =4.757TC =0.64+2.5 tl t2=0.64+2.5 .0.412.3 16.1=0.9367由Bl查得漏抗饱和系数Kz=0.44102齿顶漏磁饱和引起的定子齿顶宽度的减少Cs1=( 11 bo1)( 1 K) =(12.3-3.5 )X(10.44) =4.93X10-3m103 .齿顶漏磁饱和引起的转

33、子齿顶宽度的减少CS2=(t2-b02)(1 K) =(16.1 1)X(1 - 0.44) =8.456 X 10-3m104 .起动时定子槽比漏磁导S1(St) =Ku1( u1 -u1)+KL1 L1=(0.410-0.185)+ 0.83ho10.58h11u1 (bo1=1.055Csi )()Csi 1.5bo1,0.8 0.58、,4.93、=()()0.9244.93 1.5 3.5=0.185105.起动时定子槽漏抗二(1.055/1.24 )X0. 440C=0.3743CX106.起动时定子谐波漏抗*Xs 1(st) =Kz Xs 1=0.44 X 0. 5877 Cx=

34、0.2586CX107 .起动时定子漏抗Xb 1(st) = Xs1(st) + X 8 1(st) +Xe1二(0.3743+0.2586+0.270) CX=0.0342108 .考虑集肤效应转子导条相对高度=1.987 X 10-3hB 恒 f& B=1.987 X 10-3 X 23 X 10-3,50/0.0434 义 10-6=1.551hL转子导条高度 h b=23X 10-3mbB/b S2导条宽和槽宽之比bB/b S2= 1109 .转子电阻增加系数和电抗减少系数Kf=1.7Kx=0.90110 .起动时转子槽比率磁导S2(St) u2u2Kx L2)= (0.5-0.447

35、 ) +0.90 X1.73= 1.61U2 =( ho2/b 02) Cl ( Cs2+bo2)=(0.5/1) X 8.456/(8.456+1) =0.447111 .起动时转子槽漏抗Xs2(st) = ( S2(St)/ S2 ) Xs2 二(1.61/2.23 )X0. 821 Cx =0.593CX112 .起动时谐波漏抗 *Xb 2(st) =Kz Xb 2=0.44义 0. 9023 CX=0.397CX113 .起动时转子斜槽漏抗 *XSK(st) =Kz XSK=0.44 义 0. 29CX=0.1276CX114 .起动时转子漏抗X 2(st) =Xs2(st) + X

36、S 2(st) +XlE2 + X SK(st) =(0.593+0.397+0.1276+0.150) Cx =0.048115 .起动时总漏抗X。(St) =X。2(St) + Xb 1(St)=0.0342+0.048 =0.0822116 .起动时转子总电阻*R2(st)=RR +RR=1.7 X 0.02012+0.00643 =0.0406117 .起动时总电阻Rst* =R* +R2(st)*=0.0207+0.0406 =0.0613118 .起动时总阻抗Zst*st(St)*9*92 X (St)2)=(0.06132 0.8222) =0.1121119 .起动电流I st

37、=Ikw/Zst*=6.58/0.1121=58.6A误差=0.676%i st= I st/I 1=58.6/8.69=6.75120 .起动时转矩倍数T St*=( R2(st) */ Zst* 2)(1 -Sn) =(0.0406/0.11212) X(1 -0.0319)=2.458卜面将本台电机的主要性能指标与技术条件中的标准作一比较:标准值计算值偏差1.效率0.870.869-0.115%2.功率因数0.850.87+2.3%3.最大转矩倍数2.22.74+19.7%4.起动转矩倍数2.22.458+10.5%5.起动电流倍数76.75-3.6%,36.1?1?9.4 100.68 1.095 0.96 . 25600 0.67 - 14403 0.00324m取 1.5则 Dil32pV3.3 4一 0.00324m 0.141m