2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷40（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a（ ）.问题1选项A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scarcity “不足，缺乏”；minority “少数，少数派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage “不足，缺少”。句意：大部分护士是女性，但是在更高级别的医疗职业中，女性却只有少数。选项B符合题意。2

2、. 单选题Though the policies of racial （ ）had been abolished, many whites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.问题1选项A.segregationB.regulationsC.communismD.extinction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。segregation “分离；隔离”；regulations “管理条例；章则”；communism “共产主义”；extinction “灭绝；消失”。句意：尽管种族隔离制度已

3、经被废除，但是南方很多白人仍然质疑社区的安全。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The book shifted her outlook from social to spiritual, for its theme was that before you change other people you have to change yourself.问题1选项A.viewpointB.vocationC.prospectD.preference【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书将她的从社会转向精神方面，因为它的主题是在改变他人之前，你必须先改变自己。viewpoint “观点，视角”

4、；vocation “职业”；prospect “前景，期望”；preference“偏爱，倾向”。根据“from social to spiritual”可推测划线单词的意思是“观点”，因此选项A符合题意。4. 单选题They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked（ ）for a change.问题1选项A.asB.forC.toD.by【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 句意：他们更乐意去把车停放在某个地方，然后改为走路。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题What we consider a luxury at one

5、time frequently becomes a （ ）, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.问题1选项A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityD.nuisance【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fashion “时尚；时装；样式”；necessity “需要；必需品”；proclivity “倾向；癖性”；nuisance “讨厌的人；损害”。句意：我们曾经认为的奢侈品频繁地成为了必需品，很多家庭发现拥有两辆车是很有必要的。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Wouldnt it

6、 be easier to move about on the（ ）of the crowd than to squeeze in the middle?问题1选项A.consentB.headsC.fringeD.recreation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consent “同意；准许”；head “头；最前的部分”；fringe “边缘；刘海；外围”；recreation “娱乐；消遣；休养”。句意：难道在人群的外围移动不比在人群中挤来挤去容易吗？选项C符合题意。7. 单选题The government lacked money because of biting oil（ ）

7、.问题1选项A.pricesB.stationsC.buildingsD.revenues【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。price “价格；价值”；station “车站；驻地；地位”；building “建筑；建筑物”；revenue “税收，税收收入”。句意：政府因为棘手的石油收入而缺钱。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from（ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configu

8、rationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. configuration 布局；结构 B. constitution 构成C. condemnation 谴责 D. contamination 污染【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】这里的rather than表示“而不是”的意思。句意为有机化学物来自而不是来自火星上的真菌。根据句子逻辑，应该是有机化学物来自地球上的污染。D“污染”符合逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】现在，科学杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的

9、有机化学物质主要来自地球上的污染，而不是火星上的细菌。9. 单选题Much（ ） I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.问题1选项A.whenB.moreC.fartherD.as【答案】D【解析】考查倒装结构。这是由as引导的让步状语从句结构，需要倒装，但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容放在句首，选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original

10、in translation. So it was necessary that he make the（ ）suggested.问题1选项A.alterationsB.alternativesC.alternationsD.altercations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。alteration “修改；改变；变更”；alternative “二中择一”；alternation “交替，轮流”；altercation “争吵，吵架”。句意：主编认为他的译文对原文做了些改动。所以他有必要针对这些建议进行修改。选项A符合题意。11. 翻译题通过向湖泊、河流，溪流及其他积水地投放石灰可以缓

11、解酸雨所带来的损失。石灰可以缓解酸化的一些征兆，但并非真正的解决方法，对于许多湖泊和流动水体都不太现实，而且也不能解决问题的病根。在污染源降低到一个令人满意的水平之前，我们应该把它看作是一种临时性应付措施。永久性的解决办法就是首先要减少污染源。在保护水和森林方面的严格的控制所起到的作用以外，他们还将在防止腐蚀方面挽救数以百万计的美元的损失。The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more ob

12、ligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere f

13、ind a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.【答案】Acid rain can be mitigated by pouring lime into lakes, rivers and streams and other catchments. Lime may alleviate some of the symptoms of ac

14、idification, but its not a real solution, for it is unpractical for many lakes and running water. Furthermore, it cannot solve the root cause of the problems. Before reducing the sources of pollution to a satisfied level, we should regard lime as a temporary measure. The permanent solution is first

15、to decrease the source of pollution. Besides the effects produced by the strict controls in terms of protecting water sources and forests, they will save millions of dollars in aspects of corrosion prevention.城市环境应该尽可能多地提供一些休闲活动，并且这些活动的设计要能够让更多的义务活动也有休闲的一面。如果不能在社区里面愉悦地散步，如果孩子们不允许在街道上玩耍，因为街上交通风险太大，如果

16、在购物期间不能找到一个场所享受片刻的好天气，总而言之，如果你只有在自己房子的临街大门被关在身后时才感觉在家里的话，那最好的生活标准其实都无关紧要了。12. 单选题Among all the changes resulting from the（ ）entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.问题1选项A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable【答案

17、】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。massive “大量的”；quantitative “数量的，定量的”；surplus“剩余的；过剩的”；formidable “可怕的，令人敬畏的”。句意：在由于大量女性进入劳动大军而引起的所有变化中，女性自身发生的转变并不是不重要的。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the（1）ph

18、enomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.We judge race usually（2） the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But（3） you were to remove the skin you could not（4） anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is（5）in physical s

19、tructure, the brain or the internal organs to（6） a difference.There are four types of blood.（7） types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the（8） . No scientists could examine a brain and told you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will（9） in

20、size, but this occurs within every race.（10） does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain（11） - examined belonged to a person of weak（12） . On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had（13） brains.Mental tests which are reasonably（14） show no differences in

21、intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.（15） equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.Individuals of every race（16） civilization to go backwar

22、d or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people,（17） enable them to behave in a（18） way.The behavior and ideas of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new（19）is better and higher than anything（20） the past.问题1选项

23、A.completeB.fullC.totalD.whole问题2选项A.inB.fromC.atD.on问题3选项A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while问题4选项A.speakB.talkC.tellD.mention问题5选项A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything问题6选项A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear问题7选项A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some问题8选项A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alike问题9选项A.remainB.increaseC.decrea

24、seD.vary问题10选项A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So问题11选项A.everB.thenC.neverD.once问题12选项A.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thought问题13选项A.bigB.smallC.minorD.major问题14选项A.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurate问题15选项A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.Following问题16选项A.makeB.causeC.moveD.turn问题17选项A.andB.butC.thoughD.so问题18选项A.ordinaryB.peculiar

25、C.usualD.common问题19选项A.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever问题20选项A.forB.toC.withinD.in【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查形容词词义辨析。complete “完整的；彻底的；完全的”；full “完全的；完整的；满的；丰富的”；total “全部的；整个的；总计的”；whole “完整的；纯粹的”。根据空格处

26、后面的phenomenon of race “种族现象”，以及下文对各种族的介绍可知此处说的是“整个的”这种现象。选项D符合题意。第2题:考查固定搭配。根据后文的“a white race, a brown race, a yellow race”可知空格处所在句子提及如何来判断种族，judge from sth “从某事判断”，是固定搭配。选项B符合题意。第3题:考查逻辑连接词辨析。空格处后“you were to remove the skin”（你去掉皮肤），you could not（你不能），这两者存在假设关系，因此空格处需要填入一个表示假设的连词，选项B “如果”符合题意。第4题:

27、考查动词词义辨析。speak “讲话；发言；讲演”；talk “说话；讨论”；tell “告诉；说出；分辨”；mention“提到；说起”。空格处所在句子的大意是“如果你不去看皮肤，你就不可能分辨他人任何有关个人所有种族的事情”，因此选项C符合题意。第5题:考查逻辑关系。上文提到如果不看人的皮肤，将无法区分种族，并且下文提到每个种族的血型都没有什么区别（no type is distinct to any race），由此可知，无论是在物理结构、大脑、还是内部结构，各个种族间都是没有区别的，因此，空格处应填入nothing，选项C符合题意。第6题:考查动词词义辨析。display “展示；陈列

28、”；indicate“表明；指出”；demonstrate“证明；展示”；appear“出现；似乎”。根据第一段最后一句话中的“a few surface indications”可以推断空格处可以填入indicate，选项B符合题意。第7题:考查逻辑关系。空格处前面提到“有四种血型”，后面提到“没有哪种血型是任何一个种族特有的”，可知是对所有的血型进行了研究，因此空格处应该填入表示“全部”意思的单词。选型A“所有的”符合题意。第8题:考查形容词词义辨析。same “相同的”；identical “完全相同的”；similar “相似的”；alike “相像的”。根据空格处后面那句“没有科学家

29、通过检查一个人的大脑能判断你这个人属于哪个种族”，说明人类的大脑是没有区别的，因此选项A符合题意。第9题:考查动词词义辨析。remain “保持”；increase “增加”；decrease “减少”；vary “改变；使多样化”。前面提到科学家无法通过一个人的大脑判断他属于哪个种族，说明人类大脑是相同的。该句空格处后面的in size “在尺寸上”，说明人类大脑虽然相同，但是有尺寸差别，选项D符合题意。第10题:考查逻辑连接词。根据空格后的“the largest brain”与 “week”可知人的智力与大脑的大小没有关系，因此，选项C “也不”符合题意。第11题:考查副词词义辨析。ev

30、er “永远；曾经；究竟”；then “然后；于是；当时”；never “从未；决不”；once “一次；曾经”。根据空格前“the largest brain”（最大的大脑）与 “examined”（被检查）的对应可知“曾经”符合题意。第12题:考查名词词义辨析。health “健康”；body “身体”；mind “理智；智力”；thought “思维，思想”。前文提到了intelligence，此处与之对应的应该是mind。第13题:考查形容词词义辨析。big “大的”，small “小的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；major “主要的，重要的”。前文提到大脑大的人智力却比较低，

31、根据“on the other hand”可知空格处所在的句子说的是“一些名人拥有小的大脑”。选项B符合题意。第14题:考查形容词词义辨析。true “真实的；正确的”；exact “准确的；精确的”；certain “必然的；无疑的 ”；accurate “精确的”。由空格处所在句子的后一句“high and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race”（高的和低的智力测试结果被任何种族的不同成员记录），证明这次测试的结果是非常真实的。选项A符合题意。第15题:考查逻辑连接词辨析。provide

32、d “假如；倘若”；concerning “关于；就而言”；given “考虑到”；following “在以后”。空格处所在句子后面提到的内容都是关于“equal educational advantages”（平等的教育优势），因此，空格处填入选项B符合题意。第16题:考查动词词义辨析。make “使得；进行；准备，整理；制造；构成”；cause “引起；导致”；move “移动；感动”；turn “转动；转弯；翻过来；兑换”。空格处所在句子的大意是“每个种族的人都可能导致文明向前或后退”，选项B符合题意。第17题:考查连词的辨析。空格处前面的内容“训练和教育能改变一部分人的反应”与后面的

33、“使他们”存在递进关系，所以选项A符合题意。第18题:考查形容词词义辨析。ordinary “普通的；平凡的”；peculiar “特殊的；独特的”；usual“通常的，惯例的”；common “共同的；普通的”。空格处所在句子的大意是“训练和教育能改变一部分人的反应”，并且能够让他们用一种独特的方式表现出来。选项B符合题意。第19题:考查关系代词。不定代词something，anything，everything等后面的关系代词要用that。选项A符合题意。第20题:考查固定搭配。in the past“在过去”，因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选题Being both spoiled and

34、 lazy, the boy（ ）everyone else for his lack of success.问题1选项A.criticizedB.blamedC.chargedD.accused【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize “批评”；blame “责备，归咎于”；charge “控诉，告诫”；accuse “控告，谴责”。blame 常与for 连用；charge 后跟for；accuse 后接of。根据“for his lack of success”可知选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Heavy rains were causing inundation and mu

35、ch damage throughout the county.问题1选项A.much inconvenienceB.serious concernC.overflow of waterD.human misery【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴雨引起了并给整个国家带来的很大的损害。much inconvenience“极大的不便”；serious concern“深切关注”；overflow of water “溢出的水”；human misery “人类的苦难”。根据“heavy rains”可推测出划线单词的意思是“洪水”，选项C符合题意。16. 单选题I suppose y

36、ou are not leaving for Beijing today,（ ） ?问题1选项A.are youB.do youC.arent youD.dont you【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句。句中“I suppose”是一个插入语，陈述部分“you are not”是否定意义，因此疑问部分应该用肯定意义，选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Children are getting so fat that they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claimed yesterday.Tod

37、ays youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of

38、Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inch and may be 42-44 inch by 2032. This compares with only

39、32.6 inch in 1972. Womens waists have grown from an average of 22 inch 1920 to 24 inch in the fifties and 30 inch now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or ob

40、ese double the number in the mid-eighties. One in ten four-year-old are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemic - an extensive epidemic which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and the Middle East.Many nations now record more than 20 percent of t

41、heir population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments. He is not alone i

42、n his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese persons lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more. Prof Pre

43、ntice said: “So will parents outlive their children?” as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist. The answer is yes-or-no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarm-reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say NO

44、 to that doughnut(油炸圈饼)and burger.1.What does the word “sedentary” (Para.2) mean?2.It is known from the passage that（ ）.3.According to Prof Prentice, what are the reasons for the change in our shape?4.Obesity increases the risk factor of（ ）.5.What does the author mean by “So say NO to that doughnut

45、and burger” (Para. 4)?问题1选项A.Sitting stillB.Eating too muchC.Studying very hardD.Passive thinking问题2选项A.the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inchB.the average waist size for a woman is 30 inchC.in the mid-eighties, more than half a million under-16s in the UK were classed as overweightD.the obe

46、sity pandemic has now spread to South America问题3选项A.We eat too much and refuse to do physical exercises.B.High-energy foods are easy to get and technology develops fast.C.High-energy foods are the main diet and we use technology.D.High-energy foods are easy to get and we consume less energy.问题4选项A.d

47、iabetes, short sight, cancer and strokesB.diabetes, cancer, strokes and psychosocial illnessC.cancer, strokes, fatty and heart diseaseD.strokes, heart disease, diabetes and headaches问题5选项A.Answering the question “Will parents outlive their children?”B.The doughnut and burger should be banned.C.We sh

48、ould lead a healthy life.D.We should begin dieting.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:词义题。题目问的是“第二段出现的单词sedentary是什么意思？”文章第二段第二句话提到“高热量速食加上被电视机和电脑掌控的生活方式正在使年轻人走向死亡”（Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically y

49、oung），这里主要讲的是“肥胖”产生的原因，除了高热量食物之外，就是缺少运动，因此可以推测出sedentary lifestyles缺乏运动的生活方式，即“静态生活方式”。因此选项A符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项可以从文章中得出？”文章第三段倒数第三句提到“仅仅在英国，就有超过一百万16岁以下的孩子被视为超重或肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍”（In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese double the number in the mid-eigh

50、ties），选项C“在80年代中期，英国超过50万16岁以下的孩子被视为超重”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据Prentice教授的观点可知，体型变化的原因是什么？”文章第四段提到“教授认为体型变化是因为吃太多高能量食物，以及由于科技进步让我们消耗的能量显著下降”（Prof Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as

51、 a result of technology developments），选项D“高能量食物容易获取，消耗的能量却减少”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“肥胖会增加哪些风险？”文章最后一段提到肥胖会增加患癌、中风、心脏病的风险（Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease.），该段还提到肥胖会导致身体和心理的问

52、题（This is now becoming an alarm-reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health）；文章第二段提到肥胖是一个潜在的杀手，因为会导致糖尿病（Todays youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight），因此选项B符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“作者第四段的对甜甜圈和汉堡包说不意味着什么？”文章第四段

53、提到吃太多高热量的食物，而消耗却减少是体型改变的原因，而这里的甜甜圈和汉堡包都是属于高热量食物，不健康的食物，因此选项C“我们应该过健康的生活”符合题意。18. 单选题After a year of arguments, preparations for the festival are now（ ）smoothly.问题1选项A.precedingB.processingC.pressingD.proceeding【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。precede “在之前发生（或出现）”；process “加工，处理”； press “压，按，推”；proceed “进行，发生”。句意：经

54、过一年的协商，欢庆活动准备工作现在正在顺利进行。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Ringing church bells sets up（ ）in the Alpine valleys.问题1选项A.resonanceB.forestsC.church buildingD.priests【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。resonance “共鸣；反响；回声”；forest “森林”；church building“教堂建筑”；priest “牧师；神父”。句意：响亮的教堂钟声在阿尔卑斯山谷中回响。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题He decided he was going to take（ ）for the murder of his sister问题1选项A.refugeB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。refuge “避难；避难所”；testify “作证，证明”，动词；certify “证明；保证”；allege “宣称；断言”。句意：他决定因为谋杀自己妹妹而寻求庇护。选项A符合题意。