2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库及模拟押密卷46（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The patients progress was very encouraging as he could（） get out of bed without help.问题1选项A.nearlyB.hardlyC.merelyD.barely【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项nearly表示“差不多，几乎”，B选项hardly表示“几乎不，简直不，刚刚”，C选项merely表示“仅仅，只不过，只是”，D选项barely表示“仅仅，勉强，几乎不，贫乏的”。根据句意“这位病人的进步让人兴奋”可知，病人可以不需要

2、别人帮忙就能下床走路，空缺处单词应表示肯定。因此，只有A选项最符合原文语境，故本题正确答案为A选项。2. 单选题We rarely perceive more than a minute（）of the sights and sounds that fall upon our organs; the great majority passes us by.问题1选项A.fractionB.fictionC.functionD.friction【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fraction表示“分数，部分，小部分”，B选项fiction表示“小说，编造，谎言”，C选项function表示

3、“功能，运转，函数”，D选项friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根据句意可知，我们仅仅察觉到偶然触及我们感官的一小部分光和声音；而大部分已经过去了。空缺处单词与后文中的the great majority形成对比，形容光和声音的一小部分，因此，只有A项符合语境。故本题正确答案为A选项。3. 单选题Many difficulties have （） as a result of the change to a new type of fuel.问题1选项A.risenB.arisenC.raisedD.arrived【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risen表示“攀升；升起”；B选项ar

4、isen表示“出现；上升”，不及物动词；C选项raised表示“提高；筹集；养育”；D选项arrived“到达”。从词性及词义判断，只有B选项arisen符合要求。句意：由于改用了一种新型燃料，许多困难出现了。4. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the

5、number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized

6、by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human

7、history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were

8、especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the curre

9、nt problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be

10、divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC. till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 50

11、0 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 BC and 1650, an av

12、erage of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long, thin powder fuse analogy?2

13、. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because （）.3. Which statement is true about population increase?4. The author of the passage intends to（）.5. The word “demographic”, in the first paragraph means（）.问题1选项A.A virtually stable or slightly dec

14、reasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with hi

15、gher fertility and lower mortality.问题2选项A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.问题3选项A.There might be an increase o

16、f 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.问题4选项

17、A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.问题5选项A.statistics of h

18、umanB.surroundings studyC.accumulation of humanD.development of human【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“the long, thin powder fuse(细长的火药引线)”: burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应

19、A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates” 可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between 1650 and the present, the population has

20、 increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between 8000 BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was

21、being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速

22、度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“population problem（人口问题）”即“too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year”, increase 即对应growth，因此demographic就是指the number of population，A选项正确。5. 单选题Mo

23、st people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, can be not only fascinating but also （）.问题1选项A.beneficialB.benefitC.benefitingD.beneficent【答案】A【解析】考查同根词辨析。A选项beneficial “有利的，有用的”；B选项benefit “使受益”；C选项benefiting “benefit的现在分词”；D选项beneficent“有裨益的，慈善的”。 句意：大多数人认为，研究另一个国家，及其社

24、会和文化，不仅是有趣的，而且是有益的。这里考查benefit的各种变体，not onlybut also连接fascinating(极有吸引力的，迷人的)和空格，因此空格处应填入与fascinating相近且并列的词，故选A。6. 单选题This painting perfectly（）the impressionistic style, which was so popular at the time.问题1选项A.examinesB.exemplifiesC.extractsD.exempts【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。“examine检查，调查”；exemplify“例证，例示”；e

25、xtract“提取，摘录”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：这幅画完美的例证了在那个时期非常流行的印象派风格。选项B更符合语境。7. 单选题These are two（）issues, but people often take them as one.问题1选项A.obliviousB.distinguishedC.distinctD.evident【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项oblivious“遗忘的，健忘的”。B选项distinguished “著名的，卓著 的”。C选项distinct “明显的，独特的，有区别的”。D选项evident“明显的，明白的”。句意：这是两个截

26、然不同的问题，但人们往往把它们视为一个问题。but表示转折，说明前面所表述的问题是不同的，独特的。因此C选项符合题。8. 单选题Some city planners believe that each city is（）: in other words, because of cultural differences, one city cant simply copy others.问题1选项A.separatedB.cut offC.uniqueD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”；cut off“切断，中断”；unique“独特的，独一无

27、二的”；integrated“综合的，完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容：由于文化差异，一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。9. 单选题The head of the Museum was （）and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.问题1选项A.promisingB.agreeingC.pleasingD.obliging【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项promising表示“有希望的；有前途的”，B选项agreeing表示“赞成，同意”，C选项pleasin

28、g表示“令人高兴的，合意的”，D选项obliging表示“亲切友善的，乐于助人的”。由后文可知，博物馆负责人让我们查阅了那些古代的手抄本，所以他应该是亲切友善的，故本题正确答案为D选项。10. 单选题We should always keep in mind that（）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.instantC.promptD.hasty【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的；急迫的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧急的；紧迫的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的；立刻的；准时的”；D选项ha

29、sty“轻率的；匆忙的；懈怠的”。句意：我们应该永远记住，决定往往导致痛苦的后悔。让自己后悔的应为“轻率的决定”，D选项符合句意。11. 单选题The computer can be programmed to （） a whole variety of tasks.问题1选项A.assignB.tackleC.realizeD.solve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项assign表示“分配；指派”，B选项tackle表示“应付，着手处理”，C选项realize表示“意识到”，D选项solve表示“解决（问题、难题等）”。由句意可知，计算机可以编程，解决各种各样的任务。因此，只有B

30、选项可以搭配宾语task，故本题正确答案为B选项。12. 单选题Because of a（） in the skirt, the girl was able to buy it at half price.问题1选项A.weaknessB.faultC.flawD.strip【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项weakness表示“（系统、性格等的）缺点，劣势；弱点；虚弱”，B选项fault表示“错误；故障；缺点”，C选项flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺点”，D选项strip表示“条；带”。由句意可知，这个女孩能半价买到裙子的原因是因为裙子有瑕疵，所以C选项词义最符合原文句意，故本题

31、正确答案为C选项。13. 单选题What he said in the meeting（）everybody present.问题1选项A.disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disgust “厌恶的，厌烦的”。B选项dismiss “解雇的，解散的”。C选项dispose “有.倾向的，打算做.的”。D选项 eliminate“被淘汰，消除”。句意：他在会上所说的话使在场的每个人都感到厌恶。因此A选项符合题意。14. 单选题The dog（）the rabbit but could not catch it

32、.问题1选项A.ceasedB.chainedC.checkedD.chased【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ceased “停止”。B选项chained “束缚，囚禁”。C选项checked “检查，查核”。D选项chased “追逐，追赶”。句意：狗追赶兔子，但是逮不着它。因此D选项符合题。15. 单选题Tired of urban life, Jenifer makes up her mind to build her own home in a region where wild life（）.问题1选项A.aboundsB.exceedsC.amplifiesD.sustai

33、ns【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项abound表示“大量存在，盛产，充满”，B选项exceed表示“超越，胜过”，C选项amplify表示“放大；扩大”，D选项sustain表示“维持（生命、生存）；保持；支撑”。由句意可知，珍妮弗因为厌倦城市生活，所以决心在野生动物丰富的地区建造自己的家。定语从句的主语是wild life，缺少谓语动词。对比四个选项，只有A选项词义最符合原文句意，故A选项为本题正确答案。16. 单选题The wind（） the light of the oil lamp.问题1选项A.swayedB.vibratedC.shookD.flickered【答案】

34、D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sway“影响；统治”；B选项vibrate“振动；颤动”；C选项shake“动摇；摇动”；D选项flicker“闪烁，摇曳。句意：风使油灯的灯光闪烁。因此D项符合句意。17. 单选题The new colleague（） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confessesB.declaresC.claimsD.confirms【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项confess表示“坦白；承认；供认”，B选项declare表示“宣布，

35、申明，宣称”，C选项confirm表示“确认，确定，核实”，D选项claim表示“宣称，要求，索赔”。由句意可知，新同事宣称，他进入我们公司之前，在一些大公司里工作过。空缺处单词，需与介词to构成搭配，因此本题正确答案为C选项。18. 单选题Many members of the womens liberation movement advocate that men should（）some of the responsibilities of childcare and household work.问题1选项A.take upB.take toC.take inD.take on【答案】

36、D【解析】考查词组辨析。take up“拿起，占据，开始从事”；take to“喜欢，走向”；take in“吸收，领会”；take on“承担，呈现，穿上”。句意：许多妇女解放运动的成员主张男人应该承担一些照顾孩子和做家务的责任。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题By drinking too much Coke, her teeth were ruined and she had to wear a set of（） teeth at thirty.问题1选项A.supernaturalB.superficialC.artificialD.superstitious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词

37、词义辨析。supernatural “超自然的，神奇的，不可思议的”；superficial“表面的，肤浅的”；artificial “人造的，仿造的，虚伪的”；superstitious “迷信的”。根据关键词ruined可知他的牙已经毁坏了，因此需要戴假牙，选项C符合题意。句意：由于喝太多了可乐，她的牙齿被毁坏了，不得不三十岁就戴上了假牙。20. 单选题The（）to the Collins fortune will be a millionaire when Mr. Collins dies.问题1选项A.winnerB.heirC.descendantD.peer【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。winner “胜利者”；heir “继承人”；descendant “后裔，子孙”;peer “贵族，同龄人”。根据when Mr. Collins dies可知空格处是“继承人”，选项B符合题意。句意：柯林斯先生去世后，他的继承人将成为百万富翁。