2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第109期

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1、2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. being based被根据 B. have been based被根据C. base根据 D. be based被根据【答案】B【考查点】时态与语态。【解题思路】Be said to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“据说”，所以空格处的动词要用原形；

2、主句的谓语动词为一般过去时was said，而base这个动作应该是发生在was said之前，所以应用现在完成时，故选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合固定搭配；C、D项不符合时态。【句意】据说这篇报道是根据可靠的消息来源写成的。2. 单选题_ was to return to school.问题1选项A.That really interested himB.What really interested himC.Which really interested himD.That interest him really【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. That really interes

3、ted him这让他很感兴趣 B. What really interested him让他很感兴趣的是C. Which really interested him哪一个让他很感兴趣 D. That interest him really这让他很感兴趣【答案】B【考查点】主语从句。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，句子缺少一个主语，结合选项可知空格处为一个主语从句。That引导主语从句，从句的成分应该完整，that在从句中不充当任何成分。而本句中，从句缺少主语，引导词在从句中充当主语，因此排除that。which与what的区别在于，which有选择性，在给出几个已知选项时，可用which，而wh

4、at不需要；但是结合选项可知主语从句并没有选择性，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项由解题思路可知，不符合句子语法。【句意】真正使他感兴趣的是回到学校。3. 单选题Dark matter in the universe is, believed by some scientists, substance that is not readily observable because it does not directly refract light or energy. Its existence can only be deduced because of the effect t

5、hat it has on surrounding matter. In fact, some members of the scientific community have argued that dark matter does not actually exist. Others, however, believe in its existence, in part because the scientific community does not have a complete understanding of gravitational science. On the other

6、hand, some would argue that it is the understanding of gravitational science that leads most scientists to believe in the existence of dark matter, because without dark matter, there are many cosmological phenomena that are difficult to explain.For example, dark matter in the universe may have a pec

7、uliar effect on the Milky Way galaxy. Some scientists believe that the interaction between dark matter and other smaller, nearby galaxies is causing the Milky Way galaxy to take on a warped profile. It has been asserted that not only does dark matter exist, it may also be responsible for the Milky W

8、ays unusual shape. The interaction referenced involves two smaller galaxies near the Milky Way, called Magllanic Clouds, moving through an enormous amount of dark matter, which, in effect, enhances the gravitational pull that the two Magellanic Clouds could have on the Milky Way and other surroundin

9、g bodies. Without the existence of the dark matter, the Magellanic Clouds would not have sufficient mass to have such a strong effect on the bend of the Milky Way galaxy.The strongest evidence for the validity of this hypothesis rests in Newtonian physics and the hypothesis that anything with mass w

10、ill exert a gravitational pull. The Milky Way and other galaxies with peculiar warped shapes are being molded by a gravitational force. However, there is nothing readily observable with sufficient mass that could cause such a high level of distortion via gravitational pull in the vicinity of the Mil

11、ky Way, Therefore, something that is not easily observed must be exerting the necessary force to create the warped shape of the galaxy.Aaron Romanowsky and several colleagues have questioned the effect that dark matter might have on galaxies. They point to the existence of several elliptical galaxie

12、s surrounded by very little dark matter as evidence that dark matter is not, in fact, the cause of the warped galaxies. While they do not claim that their findings should be interpreted to conclude that dark matter does not exist, they apparently believe that the results of their studies cast doubt

13、on some of the conventional theories of galaxy formation and manipulation.Several models constructed by researchers from the University of California at Berkeley, however, point to the idea that dark matter is the most likely explanation for the distorted shape of the Milky Way and other galaxies. U

14、sing computer models, they have mapped the likely interactions between certain galaxies and the surrounding dark matter, and those models have shown not only the possibility that dark matter is responsible for the warped shape of the Milky Way, but that the relationship between the dark matter and t

15、he Magllanic Clouds is dynamic; the movement of the clouds through the dark matter seems to create a wake that enhances their gravitational influence on the Milky Way.1. The passage states that some members of the scientific community are reluctant to believe in the existence of dark matter because

16、_.2. What does the passage offer as evidence for the existence of dark matter?3. According to the passage, what is Aaron Romanowskys theory regarding dark matter?4. The last paragraph supports the general hypothesis provided earlier in the passage that _.5. The passage supports which of the followin

17、g statements about dark matter?问题1选项A.there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of dark matterB.no one understands how to apply gravitational scienceC.dark matter cannot be directly observedD.dark matter has little effect on surrounding matter问题2选项A.A complete understanding of gravitational

18、science.B.The enormous mass of Magellanic Clouds.C.The shape of the Milky Way galaxy.D.A photograph taken with the aid of a refracting telescope.问题3选项A.It cannot be conclusively proven that dark matter affects the shape and formation of galaxies.B.The discovery of certain galaxies disproves the theo

19、ry that dark matter exists in the universe.C.Computer models suggest that dark matter is responsible for warped galaxies.D.Dark matter has no effect at all on the shape of galaxy.问题4选项A.the effect of Magllanic Clouds on galaxies is enhanced by dark matterB.computer models are necessary for an unders

20、tanding of gravitational scienceC.dark matter has little to no effect on the formation of certain cosmological phenomenaD.the shape of the Milky Way galaxy can be deduced by observing the matter surrounding it问题5选项A.Its existence has been conclusively proven by computer models.B.Its existence is inf

21、erred by some researchers based on observations of cosmological bodies composed of ordinary matter.C.If it does not exist, the universe is largely empty.D.Its presence is readily observable to researchers who completely understand how to apply gravitational science.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1

22、.【选项释义】1. The passage states that some members of the scientific community are reluctant to believe in the existence of dark matter because _.1. 这篇文章指出，一些科学团体的成员不愿意相信暗物质的存在，因为_。A. there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of dark matter A. 完全没有证据证明暗物质的存在B. no one understands how to apply gra

23、vitational science B. 没有人知道如何应用引力科学C. dark matter cannot be directly observed C. 不能直接观测到暗物质D. dark matter has little effect on surrounding matter D. 暗物质对周围的物质几乎没有影响【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后三句“事实上，科学界的一些成员认为暗物质实际上并不存在。然而，另一些人相信它的存在，部分原因是科学界对引力科学没有一个完整的理解。另一方面，一些人会认为，正是对引力科学的理解使大多数科学家相信暗物质的存在，因为没有

24、暗物质，就有许多难以解释的宇宙现象。”由此可知，一些人相信暗物质，部分原因是因为科学界对引力科学还没有一个完整的理解，所以只能用暗物质来解释宇宙现象，那么可以推断，一些科学团体的成员不愿意相信暗物质的存在是因为科学界对引力科学没有完整的理解，不知道如何运用引力科学。因此，该题选择B项“没有人知道如何应用引力科学”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“完全没有证据证明暗物质的存在”与原文中“暗物质对银河星系的形成造成影响”这一说法不符，属于反向干扰；C项“不能直接观测到暗物质”并不是科学家不相信暗物质存在的原因，属于出处错位；D项“暗物质对周围的物质几乎没有影响”根据第一段第二句“只能根据它对周围物质的

25、影响来推断暗物质的存在”可知，该项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. What does the passage offer as evidence for the existence of dark matter? 2. 这篇文章为暗物质的存在提供了什么证据？A. A complete understanding of gravitational science. A. 对引力科学的完全理解。B. The enormous mass of Magellanic Clouds. B. 麦哲伦星云的巨大质量。C. The shape of the Milky Way galaxy. C. 银河系

26、的形状。D. A photograph taken with the aid of a refracting telescope. D. 用折射望远镜拍摄的照片。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段和第三段对暗物质的存在提供了论据，根据第二段最后一句“如果没有暗物质的存在，麦哲伦星云就不会有足够的质量对银河系的弯曲产生如此强烈的影响”以及第三段的内容“这一假设的最有力证据来自牛顿物理学和任何有质量的物体都会产生引力的假设。银河系和其他具有奇特扭曲形状的星系正在被引力塑造。然而，在银河系附近并没有足够大质量的物体能够通过引力引起如此高程度的扭曲。因此，一定是一些不容易观测到的物

27、体施加了必要的力，才造成了星系的扭曲形状。”，从中我们可知，银河系和其他具有奇特扭曲形状的星系正在被引力塑造，但是在银河系附近没有足够大质量的物体，所以可以推断，暗物质的存在的依据就是银河系的形状。因此，该题选择C项“银河系的形状”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对引力科学的完全理解”，文章第一段就指出人们对引力科学没有完全的了解，所以该项属于反向干扰；B项“麦哲伦星云的巨大质量”和D项“用折射望远镜拍摄的照片”没有提到，属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. According to the passage, what is Aaron Romanowskys theory regarding d

28、ark matter? 3. 根据这篇文章，亚伦罗曼诺斯基关于暗物质的理论是什么？A. It cannot be conclusively proven that dark matter affects the shape and formation of galaxies. A. 暗物质会影响星系的形状和形成，这一点还无法得到确凿的证明。B. The discovery of certain galaxies disproves the theory that dark matter exists in the universe. B. 某些星系的发现证明宇宙中存在暗物质的理论是错误的。C.

29、 Computer models suggest that dark matter is responsible for warped galaxies. C. 计算机模型表明暗物质是扭曲星系的罪魁祸首。D. Dark matter has no effect at all on the shape of galaxy. D. 暗物质对星系的形状没有任何影响。【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第四段，根据最后两句的内容“他们指出，存在着几个椭圆星系，周围几乎没有暗物质，这证明了暗物质并不是导致星系变形的原因。虽然他们没有声称他们的发现应该被解释为暗物质不存在，但他们

30、显然相信，他们的研究结果对一些星系形成和操纵的传统理论提出了质疑。”可知，亚伦罗曼诺斯基关于暗物质的观点就是，星系变形的原因并不是由于暗物质。因此，D项“暗物质对星系的形状没有任何影响”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“暗物质会影响星系的形状和形成，这一点还无法得到确凿的证明”和C项“计算机模型表明暗物质是扭曲星系的罪魁祸首”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于反向干扰；B项“某些星系的发现证明宇宙中存在暗物质的理论是错误的”，文中提到“他们没有声称他们的发现应该被解释为暗物质不存在”，所以他的理论并不是推翻暗物质的存在，该项属于过度推断。4.【选项释义】4. The last paragraph sup

31、ports the general hypothesis provided earlier in the passage that _. 4. 最后一段支持了文章前面提出的假设，即_。A. the effect of Magllanic Clouds on galaxies is enhanced by dark matter A. 暗物质增强了麦哲伦星云对星系的影响B. computer models are necessary for an understanding of gravitational science B. 计算机模型对于理解引力科学是必要的C. dark matter h

32、as little to no effect on the formation of certain cosmological phenomena C. 暗物质对某些宇宙现象的形成几乎没有影响D. the shape of the Milky Way galaxy can be deduced by observing the matter surrounding it D. 银河系的形状可以通过观察它周围的物质推断出来【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】定位至最后一段第二句中的“他们已经绘制了某些星系和周围暗物质之间可能的相互作用，这些模型不仅显示了暗物质导致银河系扭曲形状的可能性，

33、而且还显示了暗物质和麦哲伦星云之间的动态关系”可知，这一段与前文提到的“暗物质影响银河系的形状”的假设一致。因此，D项“银河系的形状可以通过观察它周围的物质推断出来”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“暗物质增强了麦哲伦星云对星系的影响”是暗物质影响银河系的形状的假设的内容，该项属于以偏概全；B项“计算机模型对于理解引力科学是必要的”在文章前文并没有提到，属于无中生有；C项“暗物质对某些宇宙现象的形成几乎没有影响”根据解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5. The passage supports which of the following statements about dark

34、 matter? 5. 这篇文章支持下面关于暗物质的哪一种说法？A. Its existence has been conclusively proven by computer models. A. 它的存在已经被计算机模型证实。B. Its existence is inferred by some researchers based on observations of cosmological bodies composed of ordinary matter. B. 它的存在是由一些研究人员根据对由普通物质组成的宇宙天体的观察推断出来的。C. If it does not exis

35、t, the universe is largely empty. C. 如果它不存在，宇宙基本上是空的。D. Its presence is readily observable to researchers who completely understand how to apply gravitational science. D. 对于完全了解如何应用引力科学的研究人员来说，它的存在是很容易观察到的。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段对于暗物质存在所做的假设就是它能改变银河系的形状，该段描述了暗物质是如何影响银河系附近的麦哲伦星云，并增强了两个麦哲伦星云对银河系和其

36、他周围天体的引力，从而使银河系的形状发生改变，所以B项“它的存在是由一些研究人员根据对由普通物质组成的宇宙天体的观察推断出来的”最能支持关于暗物质存在的说法。【干扰项排除】A项“它的存在已经被计算机模型证实”，根据最后一段第二句中的“这些模型不仅显示了暗物质导致银河系扭曲形状的可能性，而且还显示了暗物质和麦哲伦云之间的动态关系”，可知，文章并没有证实暗物质的存在，只是显示暗物质存在的可能性，该项属于过度推断；C项“如果它不存在，宇宙基本上是空的”文中未提及，属于无中生有；D项“对于完全了解如何应用引力科学的研究人员来说，它的存在是很容易观察到的”与第一段第一句提到的“宇宙中的暗物质被一些科学家

37、认为是不易观察到的物质，因为它不能直接折射光或能量”相矛盾，属于反向干扰。4. 翻译题中国画是中国传统艺术的一个重要分支。使用长毫毛笔，墨汁及水彩在绢纸上创作的传统中国画可谓硕果累累，且对中国文化与艺术有着重要影响。传统中国画可以按其主题分为人物，山水，花鸟画等，或依据创作技法区分为工画(Meticulous )和写意画(Thought-sketching) 。中国画将诗、书、画、印结合起来，构成一种程式化形式的艺术。凭借上述元素，中国画能够充分展现B师的艺术特色，并且增添了其美学价值。【答案】Chinese painting is an important branch of Chinese

38、 traditional art. With using long hair pens, ink and watercolor, traditional Chinese paintings created on silk paper have been fruitful and have had an important impact on Chinese culture and art.Traditional Chinese painting can be divided into, according to its theme landscape, figure painting, lan

39、dscape painting and bird and flower painting, etc., or divided into Meticulous painting and Thought-sketching painting in accordance with the creative technique.Chinese painting combines poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing to form a stylized form of art. With above elements, Chinese painting

40、can fully show the artists artistic characteristics and add its aesthetic value.5. 单选题After more combative approaches failed, the company took a _ stance in its negotiations.问题1选项A.flagrantB.precariousC.conciliatoryD.misanthropic【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. flagrant公然的，不能容忍的 B. precarious危险的，不确定的C. conciliator

41、y安抚的，调停的 D. misanthropic厌恶人类的，不愿与人来往的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“在更激烈的交涉失败后，该公司在谈判中采取了_立场”，结合四个选项可知，空格处表示“调停的，和解的”符合句意。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】在更激烈的交涉失败后，该公司在谈判中采取了和解的立场。6. 单选题The actor amused the audience by _ some well-known people.问题1选项A.embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking【答案】D【解析

42、】【选项释义】A. embroidering绣花，刺绣 B. rigging索具，绳索；传动装置n.C. yelping尖叫 D. mimicking模仿，戏弄【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由关键信息amused the audience（取悦观众）以及well-known people（名人）可知，这位演员是通过模仿名人来取悦观众，因此本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】这个演员模仿一些名人来逗乐观众。7. 单选题His _ was telling him that something was wrong.问题1选项A.intuitionB.hyp

43、othesisC.inspirationD.sentiment【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. intuition直觉 B. hypothesis（有少量事实依据但未被证实的）假说，假设C. inspiration灵感，鼓舞 D. sentiment（基于情感的）观点，看法【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“他的_告诉他有些事情不对劲”，结合关键信息something was wrong（某些事情有问题）可推测，空格处填入“直觉”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】他的直觉告诉他出了问题。8. 单选题Mrs. Affluence

44、 is widely known as a _ who has given millions of dollars to charity and whose generosity has helped countless poor people.问题1选项A.pauperB.gluttonC.conformistD.philanthropist【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. pauper穷人，乞丐 B. glutton暴食者，贪食者C. conformist循规蹈矩的人 D. philanthropist慈善者，博爱主义者【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子可知，who引导的

45、定语从句是修饰空格处的词语，根据从句内容“她捐献了数百万美元给慈善团体，她的慷慨行为已经帮助了无数穷人”可知，空格处填入“慈善家”符合句意。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。9. 单选题A Science and B technology C are part of the D knowledges of educated people.问题1选项A.ScienceB.technologyC.areD.knowledges【答案】D【解析】【考查点】不可数名词的用法。【解题思路】knowledge表示“知识，学问”时，是不可数名词。所以knowledge要用原形，该题选

46、择D项。【句意】科学技术是受过教育的人的知识的一部分。10. 单选题Louis Braille designed a form of communication A enabling people B to convey and preserve their thoughts C to incorporate a series of dots which D were read by the finger tips.问题1选项A.enablingB.to conveyC.to incorporateD.were read【答案】C【解析】【答案】C【考查点】介词的用法。【解题思路】根据句子意思

47、“通过将指尖读出来的一系列点组合在一起，使人们能够传达和保存自己的思想”可知，incorporate a series of dots which were read by the finger tips表示方式状语，因此应选择介词by，故本题正确答案为将C选项改为by incorporating。【句意】路易斯布莱叶设计了一种交流形式，通过将指尖读出来的一系列点组合在一起，使人们能够传达和保存自己的思想。11. 单选题A As regards our foreign policy, it is B no less our interest C as our duty to maintain

48、the most Friendly D relations with other countries.问题1选项A.As regardsB.no lessC.asD.relations【答案】C【解析】【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】短语no less than为固定搭配，表示“不少于，多达”。因此，本题应将C选项改为than。【句意】至于我们的外交政策，与其他国家保持最友好的关系既是我们的利益，也是我们的责任。12. 单选题It took us only a few hours to _ the paper off all four walls.问题1选项A.shearB.scra

49、peC.strokeD.chip【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. shear给（羊）剪（羊毛），剪（头发）B. scrape刮掉，削去C. stroke轻抚，抚摩（动物的毛皮、物体表面或头发等） D. chip打破，将（土豆等）切条，凿下（碎片、屑片）【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据空格后的关键词paper（纸）可知，空格处表示“刮掉”符合语义。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】我们只花了几个小时就把四面墙的纸刮掉了。13. 单选题The early use of a A complete steel frame for towering bui

50、ldings B appeared in the C first skyscraper, D built on Chicago in 1883.问题1选项A.completeB.appearedC.first skyscraperD.built on【答案】D【解析】【答案】D【考查点】介词的用法。【解题思路】表达在某个城市时，应选用介词in。因此应将D选项改为built in。【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大楼就使用了完整钢框架。14. 单选题The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _ details that would

51、be settled later.问题1选项A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. versatile多才多艺的，有多种技能的 B. trivial不重要的，琐碎的C. preliminary预备性的，初步的 D. alternate交替的，轮流的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处填入一个形容词修饰details（细节），而后面的that引导的定语从句也是修饰details，根据从句内容“以后再解决这些事”可推测，_ details是“不重要的小事”，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项

52、排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为这些都是鸡毛蒜皮的小事，以后再解决。15. 填空题These readings are indebted to the deconstructive methods of reading that flourishing in Romantic studies in the 1970s and1980s. The status of deconstruction as mode of literary criticismhave ebbed in recent years; deconstructive criticism

53、has, on oneside, been denounced for its supposed deviation from a properly Derridean orthodoxy, and, from another, marginalized by thesimplistic story of an institution history, in which deconstruction reigned for a brief period in literary studies but has now been superseded by the New Historicism.

54、 In the field of Romanticism,the latter narrative has been given an unfortunate impetus by Jerome McCanns critique deconstruction as the culmination of a “text-only” criticism that should be superseded by a properly historical criticism. McGanns anti-deconstructive polemics have obscured the degree

55、which deconstruction helped to inauguratethe present age of interdisciplinarity in literature departments in North America. Once Derrida began to argue that the prestige of philosophy as a master discipline depending upon a sleight ofhand, through which philosophical texts concealed their essentiall

56、y tropic natures, literary critics quickly realized that the same mode of deconstructive reading could be being applied toany disciplinesuch as history or autobiography that claimed to offer a transparent referentiality.Literary criticism is itself one of the disciplines in which legitimacy resting

57、heavily on its claims to a referential relation between its own words and the primary texts upon which it comments; thus the ways which various critical paradigms have inscribed thecultural significance of these highly canonized poems tell a good deal about our recent critical history. I have taken

58、the dominantcritical paradigms of the present to be the New Criticism, whose continued viability in the American academy has no stronger proof than Helen Vendler s book on Keatss odes. The point of the discussion of the critical histories of these poems and the theoretical contexts of those historie

59、s is not to score points against individual critics, but to illustrate, as clearly and as fundamentally as possible, why these poems have played such a significant role in our modern cultural history, and how they continue to be more than we thought we had bargained for.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8

60、. _9. _10. _【答案】1.【答案】flourishing为flourished2.【答案】mode of加上a3.【答案】have改为has4.【答案】institution改为institute5.【答案】unfortunate改为fortunate6.【答案】which加上of7.【答案】depending改为depended8.【答案】be being applied去掉being9.【答案】resting改为rests10.【答案】which加上in【解析】51.【考查点】时态。【解题思路】根据in the 1970s and 1980s（在二十世纪七十年代和八十年代）可知事

61、情发生在过去，所以应该将flourishing改为flourished。52.【考查点】限定词用法。【解题思路】deconstruction（解构主义）只是literary criticism（文学批判）的其中一种，因此在mode前面要加上限定词a。53.【考查点】主谓一致。【解题思路】分析句子可知，have ebbed in recent years（已经逐渐下降）是对于The status of deconstruction as a mode of literary criticism（解构主义作为一种文学批评模式的地位）这一现象的表述，status为单数，所以应该用第三人称单数，故将助

62、动词have改为has。54.【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】institution侧重在制度、社会上的团体、机构，而institute侧重在学术研究之类的学院、团队，而根据后面非限制性定语从句的表述“在这个故事中，解构主义在文学研究中占据了短暂的统治地位，但现在已经被新历史主义所取代”可知，此处应该是关于研究所的历史，所以应该将Institution改为institute。55.【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】Impetus是指“推动力”，具有积极意义，因此前面的形容词应该同样具有肯定意义。而unfortunate表示“不幸的”，所以要改为它的反义词fortunate。56.【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】句子中which引导的定语从句对degree（程度）进行修饰，关于“的程度”，which需要与of连用，所以在which前面加上介词of。57.【考查点】时态。【解题思路】由主句中的began可知，该句要用一般过去时，argue后面的宾语从句中，depending是现在分词的形式，