2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第69期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The employer must（ ） that the applications for the post have the proper qualifications.问题1选项A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。justify “证明 是正当的；替 辩护”；verify “核实； 查证”；warrant “保证；担保”；perceive “察觉，感觉”。句意：雇主必须核实针对该岗位的申请都有适合的资质。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Yo

2、u must remember not to（ ） from the point when you write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题（ ） asleep, the injured was really awake and listening

3、.问题1选项A.Although pretending to beB.BeingC.To beD.While【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格处所在句子后半句句意：这个伤员清醒并且在认真听着。可知空格处应该是表示假装睡着，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Having a(n)（ ） attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.问题1选项A.tolerantB.analyticalC.bearableD.elastic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析

4、。tolerant “宽容的，容忍的”；analytical “分析的，解析的”；bearable “可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic “有弹性的，灵活的，易伸缩的”。根据句意“_对待持有不同观点人是一种受过良好教育的表现”，C选项的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主动容忍，显然，选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Many old houses have been（ ） in order that new big buildings may be built.问题1选项A.leveledB.collapsedC.demolishedD.felled【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨

5、析。level “使同等；对准；弄平”；collapse “倒塌；瓦解”，一般做不及物动词，无被动形式；demolish “拆除；破坏”；fell “砍伐；打倒；击倒”。句意：为了修建新的建筑，很多老房子被拆除了。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The （ ）of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier to do.问题1选项A.additionB.applicationC.associationD.affection【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。additio

6、n “添加”；application “应用；申请”；association “协会；联盟”；affection “感情；影响”。句意：新的科学发现应用在工业生产上使得工作更容易。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The earnings of women are well below that of men （ ）educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.问题1选项A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。四个选项都是表示转折，其中

7、 although 与 though只能引导让步状语从句。没有despite of 这种表达，所以只有选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Many young people take （ ）radios to the beach with them.问题1选项A.liableB.portableC.purchasableD.cherishable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable “有责任的，有义务的”；portable “手提的，便携式的”；purchasable “可买的，可买到的”；cherishable “值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年轻人带着便携式收音机去沙滩。选项B符合题意。9

8、. 单选题The Internet began in the 1960s as a small network of academic and government computers primarily involved in research for the U. S. Military. Originally limited to researchers at a handful of universities and government facilities, the Internet has quickly become a worldwide network providing

9、users with information on a range of subjects and allowing them to purchase goods directly from companies via computer. By 1999, 84 million U.S. citizens had access to the Internet at home or work. More and more Americans are paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks vi

10、a computer over the Internet.Internet banking is also becoming increasingly popular. With lower overhead costs in terms of staffing and office space, Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans than traditional banks. Brick and mortar banks are

11、increasingly offering online banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services. At present, 14 percent of Internet households conduct their banking by means of the Internet, and the figure is expected to double or triple during the next two or three years.Increasin

12、g commercial use of the Internet has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, an Internet user can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Companies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures

13、to protect credit card, bank account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet. Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully control the access point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organizations internal n

14、etworks or gain unauthorized access to the organizations computer systems and data.1.According to the text, Internet banking（ ） .2.The term “brick and mortar banks”(Line3, Para. 2) refers to（ ） .3.The last sentence of the third paragraph tells us that（ ） .4.What is this text mainly about?5.Which com

15、mercial usage of the Internet does the author NOT refer to?问题1选项A.requires minimal usage feesB.offers price advantages to usersC.is more efficient than traditional bankingD.is environmentally-conscious问题2选项A.banks with dependable reputationB.banks with competitive interest ratesC.banks with traditio

16、nal walk-in servicesD.banks with reliable on-line services问题3选项A.any organizations networks may be at risk of security breachesB.current technology cannot safeguard against unauthorized access to online networksC.information security should be a pressing concern for Internet commerceD.organizations

17、must secure their networks and data against unauthorized use问题4选项A.Conveniences brought to consumers through use of the Internet.B.Implications of increasing commercial use of the Internet.C.Security risks posed by commercial use of the InternetD.Advantages of Internet banking versus traditional ban

18、king问题5选项A.Buying airline tickets.B.Trading stocks.C.Applying for a credit cardD.Opening a bank account.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第二段Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans than traditional banks提到网上银行存款利率更高，贷款利率较低，选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段

19、Brick and mortar banks are increasingly offering online banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services 提到这类银行就是通过交易性网站提供在线银行服务，来补足它们的传统服务。选项C “提供传统的进入店面服务的银行”符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully contro

20、l the access point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organizations internal networks or gain unauthorized access to the organizations computer systems and data 提到自身网络连接到全球网络的任何一个机构必须小心地控制接入点，来确保外人不能破坏该机构的内部网络或未经授权地访问该机构的计算机系统和数据。选项D符合题意。4.文章主要讲述了互联网的发展给人们的生活带来了便利，人们可以进行网上购物、支付账单等，基于物联网的网上银

21、行相比传统银行更有价格优势（存款利率变高，取款利率变低），但是物联网的使用也有亟待提高的地方：安全和隐私问题。选项B符合题意。5.文章第一段最后一句More and more Americans are paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks via computer over the Internet 提及到了购买机票，交易股票，选项A与B可以排除；文章第二段第一句提到了“开立银行账户”，所以选项D可以排除。因此，选项C符合题意。10. 单选题America will never agai

22、n have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it （ ）before the West was settled.问题1选项A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。根据句意可知空白处是指代前面的动词have，并且是过去时态，所以选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The microscope can（ ） the object 50 times in diameter.问题1选项A.increaseB.multiplyC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。increase “增加；

23、加大”；multiply “乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘”；enlarge “扩大；使增大；扩展”；magnify “放大；夸大”。句意：显微镜可以使物体在直径上放大50倍。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just（ ） and needs proving.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.intuitiveC.hypotheticalD.empirical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Spontaneous “自发的，自然的”；intuitive “

24、直觉的，直观的”；hypothetical “假设的”；empirical “经验主义的”。根据题意“无论是谁提出了宇宙起源的理论”，这都是需要证明的，说明这只是一个假设。所以C选项符合题意。13. 单选题Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication （ ）the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.问题1选项A.in whichB.in this wayC.in thatD.in order that【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。空格后面是一个完整的句

25、子，不缺任何主要成分。in which 引导定语从句，可以排除；in this way “以 的方式”，不符合题意。in that 在句中引导原因状语从句，符合句意：广告与其他的交流方式不同，因为广告人需要为要发表的信息付费。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Bob was not a （ ）man who never made a quick decision about anything.问题1选项A.boldB.recklessC.deliberateD.rash【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold “大胆的，英勇的”；reckless “鲁莽的，不顾后果的”； deliberat

26、e “故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash “轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally （ ）, and still others are rare on the earth.问题1选项A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute “认为 是；把 归于”；distribute “分配，散发”；contribute “贡献”；scatte

27、r “分散，散开”。句意：有些矿藏很常见，有些则是区域性分布，还有些是地球上罕见的。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题Art that endures often makes an initially disturbing impact: the profound experience that such art seeks to provoke necessarily engenders a certain（ ） .问题1选项A.familiarityB.ennuiC.upheavalD.intimacy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。familiarity“熟悉，精通”；ennui“厌倦，

28、无聊，倦怠”；upheaval “剧变，动乱”；intimacy “亲密，亲昵行为”。句意：忍耐的艺术通常产生原发性地让人烦恼的冲击效果：这种艺术试图引起的深刻经验必然产生一种错乱。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题It is reported that over a third of the population in that area have no（ ） to the health service问题1选项A.approachB.accessC.admissionD.acquaintance【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。have no access to “无法获得某事”。句意：据报道该

29、地区超过三分之一的人无法获得卫生服务。选项B符合题意。18. 翻译题The initial fund of general scientific knowledge is an invaluable asset, but the young research worker should have no illusion about how little it is compared with what he or she should acquire during succeeding years. As to the precise value of this initial fund of

30、 knowledge, this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it. (1) Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.The original papers of great sci

31、entists describing their discoveries and explaining their theories are never as rigid and self -confident as the resumes of these discoveries and theories in textbooks by other men often suggest. Young scientists consulting these original works will find in them it appears that”,“it probably means,

32、“it seems likely that”n, more than once, as expressions of elements of doubt which great men felt and honestly put on record. (2) Many statements which have appeared in textbooks as universal and absolute truths have, in their original form, been put forward as only approximately true, or true only

33、in certain circumstances.Immediately upon starting on the first serious piece of research, a young scientist must therefore do two things. (3) The first of these should be a careful reading of original papers or books relating to the problem, written by investigators whose technique and judgment he

34、can trust. While reading these publications in a most attentive and receptive manner, the young scientist must not fall into the error of placing in them a greater confidence than their author would wish him to do. (4) No great scientist ever wants his pupils to be mere tape recorders, faithfully re

35、cording his remarks, never questioning anything. Never wanting to add to or subtract from what he has given them. The second thing a young scientist must do, almost but not quite simultaneously with the first, is to proceed with observations and experiments. (5) The initial observations and experime

36、nts will be failures, but they will help the development of appropriate experimental technique, and they will give a greater understanding of the literature the young scientist is studying.【答案】1.年轻的科学家们要尽快意识到现在的科学知识不像许多教科书所暗示的那样全面、肯定以及不可改变。2.教科书很多普遍且绝对的真理最初只是作为接近真理或者某种特定情况下的真理而提出来的。3.第一件事是认真阅读由那些技术和

37、评价都值得信任的调查者写下的关于这个问题的原始论文或者书籍。4.没有哪位伟大的科学家希望他的学生仅仅像录音机似的原原本本地记录下他的话语，从来不问问题，从不想对他教授的内容进行增添或削减。5.最开始的观察和实验会失败，但它们有助于开发合适的实验技术，并且它们有助于年轻科学家更好地理解他们正在研究的文献。 19. 单选题The committee is （ ）a decision from the headquarters before it takes any action.问题1选项A.waitingB.awaiting forC.awaitingD.anticipating【答案】C【解析

38、】考查动词和动词词组辨析。wait “等候”；await for这个词组不常见；await “等候”；anticipate “预期；期望”。句意：采取任何行动之前，委员会正在等待总部的一个决定。wait 后面要接一个介词 for 再加等待的对象；await可以直接接宾语。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题He opened his lips as if （ ）something.问题1选项A.sayingB.having saidC.to have saidD.to say【答案】D【解析】考查as if的用法。as if引导从句，结构是“主语+系动词”，并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是：he opened his lips as if he was going to say something. 其中as if引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略，所以选项D符合题意。