2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第124期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He said that hed sooner die than （ ）.问题1选项A.betrayB.to betrayC.betrayedD.begraying【答案】A【解析】句意: 他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。固定搭配。 had sooner+动词原形+than do sth. 宁可做某事而不做某事。2. 单选题An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted. The trouble is, no one kno

2、ws which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of suc

3、h fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could t

4、ell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT; Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May

5、31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable t

6、o tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it

7、 is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8 though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch,

8、Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?1.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to （ ）.2.“The industry” (Line 5, Para.3) refers to（ ）.3.The author holds that setting DNT as a default（ ）

9、.4.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?5.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of（ ）.问题1选项A.ease competition among themselvesB.lower their operational costsC.avoid complaints from consumersD.provide better online services问题2选项A.online advertisers

10、B.e-commerce conductorsC.digital information analysisD.internet browser developers问题3选项A.may cut the number of junk adsB.fails to affect the ad industryC.will not benefit consumersD.goes against human nature问题4选项A.DNT may not serve its intended purpose.B.Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.C.DN

11、T is losing its popularity among consumers.D.Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.问题5选项A.indulgenceB.understandingC.appreciationD.skepticism【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“behavioral” ads定位至第一段: An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted. The tro

12、uble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy (俗话说得好一半的广告预算都被浪费了，但问题是没有人知道是哪一半广告预算被浪费了。在互联网时代， 至少在理论上可以大幅减少这部分被浪

13、费的广告预算。通过观看人们在线搜寻、点 击和说什么，公司可以将行为广告针对那些最可能购买东西的人)。由此可知 B项“减少他们的运营成本”正确。2.词义题。根据题干定位至第三段: In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed (2010 年 12

14、月美国联邦贸易委员会 向互联网浏览器提供者们提议增加一个不要跟踪的选项，以便互联网使用者可 以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪) 由此可推知D项“互联网浏览器开发者”正确。3.推理判断题。第五段指出: Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so (尽管一些公司己承诺在得到不要跟踪的信号后停止跟踪，但是获取该信号却没有强制任何人去这样做)。因此C 项“不会让消费者受益”正确。4.判断推理题。第六段: Also unclear is

15、why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how (另外还不清楚微软公司为何独自将不要跟踪作为微软网页浏览器10的默认设置。毕竟微软公司也有网上广告业务，尽管微软公司声称自己的网上广告业务将遵守不要跟踪请求，但是它仍然正在想如何进行) 。因此A 项“不要跟踪可能不能达到它的预期目的”正确。5.观点态度题。第六段作者说: Could it real

16、ly be that simple?这真的有可能那么简单吗？因此D项“怀疑的态度”正确。3. 单选题To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion may be a descriptive（ ） , but it does not mean that he was on all fours roaring and wagging his tail.问题1选项A.analogueB.analogyC.analyticD.node【答案】B【解析】句意: 将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆

17、哮着。形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物; analogy比喻，相似; analytic分解的; anode 阳极。题目中的 To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion 这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。4. 单选题She resorted to （ ）when she had no money to buy foods for her children.问题1选项A.have stolenB.stealC.stoleD.stealing【答案】D【解析】句意: 当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西吋，她就开始偷。固定搭配。resort to

18、依靠，求助于。其中to是介词， 后接动词时需用-ing形式。5. 单选题I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for “full of years” as the Bible would say; both yielde

19、d to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her ou

20、t of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. Its my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadnt insisted on my mothers going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she c

21、ould take. Its my fault that shes dead.”When things dont turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of

22、 action they took turned out badly, they believed that the opposite coursekeeping Mother at home, postponing the operation that would have turned out better. After all, how could have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first is our pressi

23、ng need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of

24、 what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence. A baby comes to think

25、that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do no

26、t completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.1.What is said about the two deceased elderly woman?2.The author had to conduct the two womens funerals probably because （ ）.3.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because（ ）.4.In the context of the pa

27、ssage, “.the world makes sense” (Line 2, Para. 4) probably means that（ ）.5.People have been made to believe since infancy that（ ）.问题1选项A.They lived out a natural life.B.They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.C.They werent accustomed to the change in weather.D.They died due to lack of care

28、 by family members.问题2选项A.he wanted to console the two familiesB.he was an official from the communityC.he had great sympathy for the deceasedD.he was priest of the local church问题3选项A.they couldnt find a better way to express their griefB.they believe that they were responsibleC.they had neglected t

29、he natural course of eventsD.they didnt know things often turn out in the opposite direction问题4选项A.everything in the world is predeterminedB.the world can be interpreted in different waysC.theres an explanation for everything in the worldD.we have to be sensible in order to understand the world问题5选项

30、A.everybody is at their commandB.life and death is an unsolved mysteryC.every story should have a happy endingD.their wishes are the cause of everything that happens【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.細节事实题。根据文章第一段的One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for “full of years”

31、 as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life (那是在一月，我连着为两位年迈的老人主持葬礼, 正如圣经中所说，这两位老人都是在经历了漫长和完整的人生之后的身体正常耗尽)可知选项A “两位老人终其天年”与文章意思相符。2.判断推理题。题目是问“作者需要为两位老人办理丧事的原因有可能是什么。选项A: 因为作者想安慰这两个家，B: 因为作者是那个社区的公务人员， C: 因为作者对死者怀有无限同情和D: 因为作者是当地教堂的牧师，并且根据原文I

32、 had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for “full of years” as.中的关键词 officiate “主持宗教仪式”和on successive days “连续”可知极有可能的原因是选项D。3.细节事实题。根据题干信息People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved定位至第三段: Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty.,而后面紧接着说到原因: Bec

33、ause the course of action they took turned out badly, they believed that the opposite coursekeeping Mother at home, postponing the operation that would have turned out better(当他们的行动计划引起了坏的结果时，他们就会相信如果当初采取不同的行动计划，如将母亲留在家里以及将计划延期，那么结果就会好很多)，由此可知人们通常会对至亲的去世感到内疚是因为他们认为自己对于至亲的去世负有贵任，即选项B。4.语义题。第四段主要是对我们常

34、常会感到自责的原因之一的介绍， 根据这段中的 The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. “ 一方面是因为我们非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是说世间的一切都有某发生存在的原因”可知the world makes sense 意思是世间的一切都有其发生存在的原因，故答案选项为C。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一句话Very often, we d

35、o not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen. “通常，我们都没有从那个婴儿时期形成的观念中摆脱出来，即一切事件都发生都取决于我们自身的意念”，故答案选项为D “他们自身的意念是导致一切发生的根本原因”。6. 单选题The research requires more money than （ ）.问题1选项A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in【答案】B【解析】句意:该研究需要的经

36、费比己经投入的经费要多。语法题。考查现在完成时态。由句中关键词“requires”为一般现在时态知“钱的被投入属于己经发生的动作”，再由“money钱”表示单数知B项“has been put in（这里has前面省略了关系代词that）”正确。7. 单选题He stood there, （ ）a pen.问题1选项A.asking forB.ask forC.asked forD.to ask for【答案】A【解析】句意:他站在那, 想要一只笔。语法题。考查动词的-ing形式作状语。此处已有谓语动词stood，所以后面是ask的Ing 形式作伴随状语。故选A。8. 单选题At some t

37、ime in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you dont act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting

38、 thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example were once considered so upsettin

39、g and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this t

40、aboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. Its not taboo to talk about fat; its taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world most companies prefer youthful-looking,

41、trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thi

42、n is in, fat is out.Its not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and in shape. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americas fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importa

43、nce of diet and exercise for personal-health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modem machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport

44、us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, peoples bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.1.From the passage we can infer taboo is （ ）.2.Based on the ideas

45、 presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” in American society（ ）.3.The topic of fat is many other taboo subjects（ ）.4.In the U.S., thin is “in” fat is “out”，this means（ ）.5.Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives

46、 for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is （ ）.问题1选项A.a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB.a crime committed on impulseC.behavior considered unacceptable in societys eyesD.an unfavorable impression left on other people问题2选项A.will always remain a tabooB.is not considered a

47、 taboo by most peopleC.has long been a tabooD.may no longer be a taboo someday问题3选项A.the same asB.different fromC.more popular thanD.less often talked about than问题4选项A.this is “inside”，fat is “outside”B.thin is “diligent”，fat is “lazy”C.thin is “youthfill”，fat is “spiritless”D.thin is “fashionable”，

48、fat is “unfashionable”问题5选项A.their changed life-styleB.their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulC.their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD.the encouragement they have received from their companies【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。关于taboo的解释在第一段: You know that to commit the action is

49、wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior (你知道，这样的行为从某种意义上说是不对的，并且其他人不会接受)。故选C (社会认为不可接受的行为)。2.判断推理题。第二段指出: Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and atti

50、tudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time。因此文章认为一些过去不被人们认同的现象以及一些禁忌，通常在经过一段时间后会慢慢地被 人们接受。故选D。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词many other taboo subjects定位至第三段: Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly (和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的话题是美国人一直在讨论着的)。

51、故选B。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词thin is “in” fat is “out”定位至第三段最后一句, 这段表明了美国社会对瘦的追求,对肥胖的贬斥。由此推测答案选D。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段可知, 美国人锻炼身体一方面是为了保持苗条的身材和年轻的外形，另一方面还在于锻炼身体和保持身体健康之间的关系。故选B.9. 单选题The （ ）they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw them.问题1选项A.affectionB.adherenceC.sensibilityD.sensitivity【答案】A【解析】句意

52、: 每个看到他们的人都能看出他们互相之间的喜爱之情。名词辨析。Affection喜爱,钟爱; adherence坚持，遵守; sensibility敏感; sensitivity体贴，体恤。故A符合句意。10. 单选题The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are

53、 what got you the interview. The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developing a highly positive work attitude.Your attitude determines whe

54、ther you will “make the cut” or be discarded. Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job especially at the entry level.The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by candidates attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters

55、will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty, or even one hundred candidatesthe one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the companys needs, of putting yoursel

56、f forth as the person who will be committed and dedicated to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen.Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their fall share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most va

57、luable member of his team is, and he will point not to the overrated superstar, but to the person who has the can do attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flas

58、hy superstar who is running at 50% efficiency any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers.So dont worry if you are not “superstar” quality. If you can show me in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be cho

59、sen over the superstar. You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. Incorporate the actual words “positive “excellence,” and “striving to be the best” into your interview language. Then show by your stories and examples how these words positively affect your life. Show me whe

60、n and where and how you have put forth extra effort above and beyond the call of duty. Show me how you beat a deadline, how you excelled in a project, or how you made a difference by going the extra mile. If you can show nie, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, whil

61、e all of the superstars will receive polite rejection letters to add to their growing collections.1.What is the key element to successful interviewing according to this passage?2.Which of the following statement is correct in the authors opinion?3.Who is the most valuable member of his team to a man

62、ager?4.In an interview, what makes you leave a good impression on the interviewer?5.What is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Courses taken before.B.A varied experience.C.A positive work attitude.D.Interviewees capability.问题2选项A.There are inadequate competitors with the ability to do almost any

63、 given job, especially at the entry level.B.Most interviewers generally depend on the candidates? attitudes toward the job to choose the employees.C.Most employers tell the difference between candidates by their entry levelD.Better experience and better grades become the most important elements to be chosen.问题3选项A.The multi-talented superstar.B.The person who tries his best for excellence