2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第139期

《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第139期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第139期（31页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income had increased （ ）, and is continuing to increase.问题1选项A.sufficientlyB.substantiallyC.succinctlyD.successfully【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sufficiently “充分地”; substantially “实质上；大体上”； succinct

2、ly “简洁地”；successfully “成功地”。该句主要是讲贫富差距，不能用褒义的副词，因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Life insurance reflects one of the best parts of human beings, caring for others. One buys life insurance because he or she loves their spouse and children. There are benefits while living but the real reason is to make sure others are

3、financially taken care of.One of the first records of life insurance was in Rome. There, groups came together called burial clubs. These were set up by the poor to pay for the funerals of the members and to help the surviving family members financially. The middle ages had associations for the vario

4、us types of highly skilled labor. There are accounts that show that these guilds helped their members with various types of insurance including life insurance and disability insurance. Life insurance came into its own in England in the late 1600s and became popular from then on. During this time Llo

5、yds of London was growing. Lloyds name came from Lloyds Coffee House where insurance was transacted by ship owners with the underwriters who met to put together insurance contracts and other shipping and merchant related business.Some people think of insurance as gambling. It really isnt gambling ev

6、en though it has the similarities of probability and odds. Insurance serves a public good of sharing the financial risks of existence and life and death among many to serve those who have experienced a loss.The first life insurance company in the United States started in 1735. This Company was start

7、ed for the benefit of Presbyterian （长老会的） ministers families. Life insurance was originally dominated by the mutual life insurance companies. These are life insurance companies that are owned by the policyholders and thus those policy owners receive their pro-rata（按比例的）share of the companys profits.

8、 There are also stock life insurance companies where the profits are made for the benefit of the stockholders. Similar to the mutual life insurance companies are fraternal（互助会的）life insurance companies which were started by the various fraternal orders to assist their members. Today the insurance bu

9、siness has evolved to a multi-faceted business with various programs and numerous distribution methods. The internet and the insurance industry is in its infancy with most insurance companies having a web site and now with web sites able to do life insurance quotes online such as which also has educ

10、ational pages where you can learn about the types of life insurance including whole life insurance, term life insurance and survivorship life insurance.There are choices today that differ greatly from the choices of even a few years ago. The internet has made information on life insurance accessible

11、 just as any subject. But you still need the right knowledge. That may come from a qualified insurance agent who knows their business or from a great life insurance or disability insurance web site that provides great information for you to study.1. Whats the main purposes of the burial clubs”？2. Wh

12、at does the word “underwriters” in Paragraph 2 mean?3. What makes life insurance different from gambling?4. What kind of life insurance companies did dominate the premier market in the U.S.?5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.To help the families of their dead members.B.To provide

13、life insurance and disability insurance.C.To be beneficial to the shareholder.D.To make profits for the club members.问题2选项A.The owners of the shipped cargoB.Insurance companies or their agentsC.The clerks of the ship companiesD.Lloyd insurance companys agents问题3选项A.Life insurance depends on probabil

14、ity and oddsB.Life insurance benefits those who buy itC.Life insurance cares for othersD.Life insurance makes many people share the burden问题4选项A.Burial clubs in various guildsB.Fraternal life insurance companiesC.Stock life insurance companiesD.Mutual life insurance companies问题5选项A.A qualified insur

15、ance agent knows insurance business wellB.Insurance choices are different between now and the pastC.We should have our life insured on lineD.We should choose the right website to learn about insurance【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“丧葬社团俱乐部的主要目的是什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“这些俱乐部是由穷人设立，用来支付其成员的丧葬和在

16、经济上帮助活着的家庭成员”（These were set up by the poor to pay for the funerals of the members and to help the surviving family members financially），因此选项A“帮助死者的家人”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中出现的单词underwriters是什么意思？”文章第二段最后一句提到who引导的定语从句用来解释说明underwriters，是把保险合同和其他船舶及商船相关的业务放在一起的人（ who met to put together insurance con

17、tracts and other shipping and merchant related business），因此选项B“保险公司的代理”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“是什么让人寿保险与赌博不同？”文章第一段第一句话提到“人寿保险体现了人类最优秀的品质之一关心他人”（Life insurance reflects one of the best parts of human beings, caring for others），第三段最后一句提到“保险服务于公众利益，它通过在很多人中间分担生存、生活和死亡的经济风险来服务那些遭受损失的人”（Insurance serves a pu

18、blic good of sharing the financial risks of existence and life and death among many to serve those who have experienced a loss），由此可知选项C“人寿保险关心他人”符合题意。4.考查细节事实题。题目问的是“什么样的寿险公司主宰了美国的主要市场?”文章第四段提到“人寿保险最初是被互惠人寿保险公司支配的”（Life insurance was originally dominated by the mutual life insurance companies），因此选项D

19、符合题意。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的大意是什么？”文章最后一段的中心句是第一句话There are choices today that differ greatly from the choices of even a few years ago（今天的保险选择跟几年前的大不相同），因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题When Use Hadda sold her roomy, three bedroom house a year ago to move into a two-bedroom condo in Berkeley, California, she struggled t

20、o arrange her old furniture in her new space. Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way. Nothing seemed to work. Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming. S

21、he couldnt find space for her favorite leather chair and the other furniture grouped around the living room fireplace. In an alcove off the master bedroom, her desk felt out of place and got in the way of the in-wall ironing board. I was frustrated because it looked awful, she says.Hadda turned to a

22、 surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers.Its not as strange as it sounds. Real-estate agents often recommend that sellers hire a home stager (also known as real-estate enhancer) to whi

23、sk through their homes and neutralize them before they go on the market. When staging to sell, a home stager, sometimes with the help of a team, stashes away personal items (your collection of antique dolls, for example, or the model boat on the mantel); repaints aggressively colored walls, and rear

24、ranges furniture and accessories to draw attention to a homes best features. Staging to live, as its called, is the logical next step. Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home. B

25、ut this time, instead of seeking to depersonalize your abode, the emphasis is on organizing, decluttering, and rearranging to de-stress the environment, says Barb Schwarz, whos been staging homes for more than 30 years and founded the International Association of Home Staging Professionals four year

26、s ago.Its visual therapy, says Schwarz. Its about fine-tuning a space to improve its energy and the flow from room to room, she says. Schwarz estimates that about 40 percent of her staging-to-sell clients ask her to stage their new homes.Staging is also about getting rid of familiar objects that hom

27、eowners are overly attached to, says interior designer Pat McMillan, coauthor of Home Decorating for Dummies. A stager can be brutally honest about disposing of clutter and relegating tatty family heirlooms to the closet.Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field, through a three-da

28、y course at one of Schwarzs Staging University training programs which covers such topics as traffic patterns, furniture arrangement, and family lifestyle”, earns graduates the right to call themselves Accredited Staging Professionals. Fees vary widely but typically run about $75 an hour. Depending

29、on the number of rooms, the total fee to stage a home may range anywhere from $750 to $3,0000, says Schwarz .1. The sentence Nothing seemed to wok (Paragraph 1) probably means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true according to the third paragraph?3. We may infer from the third paragraph that（ ）.4. Ac

30、cording to the passage, the stager field is the one in which?问题1选项A.her furniture lost their functions for their new arrangementB.she had lost her job and had nothing to doC.her furniture were too old to be used any longerD.she didnt like her furniture any more for their awful looking问题2选项A.One home

31、 stager is enough to do all the works.B.The stagers try their best to prevent the house from being sold.C.Personal items of the home owner will be used to draw attention.D.Walls with inappropriate colors will be repainted.问题3选项A.staging to live is a certain step for all the staging to sell clients.B

32、.stagers are rehired to help the clients organize their new houses.C.stagers are rehired to help the clients sell their new houses.D.staging to live costs much more than the step of “staging to sell”.问题4选项A.anyone can buy a satisfying house fromB.anyone can earn a lot of moneyC.anyone can have a try

33、D.anyone can start a training company【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“句子没有什么看起来发挥了作用可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾经摆放在一起的成套的家具现在却不再按照以前的方式摆放了（Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way）；第四句提到她的七个大型的木制书柜被摆放在客厅里面，使它们看起来不协调并且占了大量的空间（Her seven larg

34、e wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming），因此可知选项A“重新摆放后的家具失去了作用”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段可知下列哪句话是正确的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔没有早点找一个理家老手来帮她去掉房子之前的印记，以便吸引潜在买家（Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier

35、to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers），由此可知选项D“不合适的墙面颜色需要重新刷油漆”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第三段可推断出什么？” 文章第三段倒数第二句话提到在见识到了理家老手的高超手段后，他们会再次雇佣理家老手去打理他们的新家（Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller

36、 are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home），因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，理家行业怎么样？”文章最后一段第一句话提到每个人都可以尝试在这个领域发展（Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field），选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data a

37、re collected, analyzed and contemplated is called（ ）.问题1选项A.insincereB.premiseC.prematureD.presumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。insincere “不诚恳的”，形容词；premise “前提，假设”； premature “过早发生的事物；早产儿”; presumption “假定，推定”。根据conclusion “结论”及 before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated “在所有相

38、关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前”可知“称为推定”符合语境，因此选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Contestants who do not（ ）the regulations will be disqualified.问题1选项A.cooperate withB.comply withC.approveD.submit to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cooperate with“合作，协作”；B选项comply with“遵从，依照”；C选项approve“赞成”；D选项submit to“屈服，顺从”。句意：不遵守规定的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。本句表示遵守比赛规定。因此B选项正确。6.

39、 单选题Inflation is an economic condition in（1）prices for consumer goods（2）and the（3）of money or purchasing power decreases.There are three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to（4）a war or carry （5）social program

40、s, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thus creating a deficit. In order to（6）this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply（7） the money supply by issuing more paper money to（8） the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will c

41、ause the value of the dollar to（9）decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods.（10）people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods(11television and computers, for example, and a shortage will result.Industry will then p

42、roduce more, at higher prices, to（12）demand.（13）, if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high （14）rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that works wages（15）to（16）the high cost of living, industry will meet his demand and

43、 add other cost of production on to the（17）.（18）summary, all of these causes can（19）inflationary problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes, （20）government spending may be the most important.问题1选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this问题2选项A.raiseB.increaseC.decreaseD.lower问题

44、3选项A.priceB.costC.valueD.spending问题4选项A.payB.offerC.fightD.finance问题5选项A.awayB.offC.onD.out问题6选项A.offsetB.compensateC.exchangeD.accomplish问题7选项A.extendB.expandC.spendD.explore问题8选项A.meetB.respondC.spendD.return问题9选项A.automaticallyB.exceedinglyC.timelyD.excessively问题10选项A.For fear thatB.WhetherC.IfD.

45、Though问题11选项A.ofB.likeC.asD.except问题12选项A.supplyB.satisfyC.plentyD.comply问题13选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.NeverthelessD.However问题14选项A.interestingB.uninterestingC.interestedD.interest问题15选项A.be increasedB.increasedC.should increaseD.increase问题16选项A.protestB.restrictC.imposeD.cover问题17选项A.controllerB.

46、managerC.consumerD.employer问题18选项A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In问题19选项A.createB.inventC.resultD.discover问题20选项A.productiveB.insufficientC.excessiveD.processing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先

47、行词是economic condition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项C符合题意。2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasing power decreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项B符合题意。3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此 the _ of money应该与 purchasing power意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查动词词义辨析。pay “支付”； offer “提供”； fight “与打仗”; finance “负担经费”。后面提到政府spend more money（花更多的钱），可知

48、前面是花钱在战争上，因此finance a war 符合题意。5.考查词组辨析。carry away “运走，使失去自制力”; carry off “夺去，夺得”； carry on “继续，参与”；carry out “实施”。与social program搭配的动词词组是carry out，所以选项D符合题意。6.考查固定搭配。offset “抵消；补偿”;compensate “补偿，赔偿”； exchange “交换”；accomplish “完成，实现”。offset deficit “弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。7.考查动词词义辨析。extend “延伸”；expan

49、d “扩张”；spend “度过，花费”； explore “探索”。根据后面issuing more paper money可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项B符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。meet debts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项A符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。automatically “自动地”；exceedingly “非常；极其”；timely “及时地”；excessively “过分地”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项A符合题意。10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句they will run out，主句使用将来时态可知空格

50、处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项C符合题意。11.考查介词词义辨析。television and computers属于popular goods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项B符合题意。12.考查词义辨析。supply “供给，提供”；satisfy “满足，说服”； plenty “足够的”；comply “遵守，遵从”。Industry will then produce more, at higher prices “工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to 表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项B符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。根据 if people think that t

51、he prices of popular goods are going up （如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项A符合题意。14.考查固定搭配。interest rate “利率”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，works wages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项A符合题意。16.考查固定搭配。cover the cost “支付费用”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。17.考查名词词义辨析。con

52、troller “控制器”；manager “经理，管理人员”；consumer “消费者，用户”； employer “老板，雇主”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项C符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。in summary “概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。19.考查动词词义辨析。all of these causes can 79 inflationary problems （所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与C都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。20.考查词义辨析。product

53、ive “能生产的”；insufficient “不足的”；excessive “过多的”； processing “加工”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending，由此可知选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Many artists believe that successful imitation far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning

54、 to be（ ）.问题1选项A.elegantB.creativeC.confidentD.imaginary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。elegant “高雅的，优雅的”； creative “创造性的”；confident “自信的，确信的”； imaginary “虚构的”。根据分析句子可知空格处所填单词应与originality相似的单词，因此选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The governments policies in the past five years have shown a(n)（ ）in emphasizing the necessity of impro

55、ving the peasants livelihood.问题1选项A.behaviorB.agonyC.coherenceD.exaltation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。behavior “行为；举止”； agony “苦恼”； coherence “一致；连贯性”；exaltation “欣喜；提拔”。根据时间状语in the past five years (在过去五年)可知政府对提高农民生活水平的持续关注，因此选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Having weighed up all the factors the department finally agreed to re

56、ceive all the（ ）to the committee.问题1选项A.nominationsB.hypothesesC.rejectionD.resistance【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。nomination “任命；提名”； hypotheses “假定，臆测”，hypothesis 的复数形式；rejection “拒绝”； resistance “阻力，电阻”。由the department (部门)与committee (委员会)可知这里是“任命”的意思，选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The amount of tabloid ink spilled over he

57、r 24-year difference in age with her new boyfriend does （ ） her.问题1选项A.rankleB.stir upC.emaciateD.whip up【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B选项stir up“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D选项whip up“激起；鞭打”。句意：小报上关于她和新男友之间24岁的年龄差距的报道让她很恼火。本句表示“小道消息所报道的事情让她恼火”，因此A选项正确。11. 单选题I dont understand what

58、 youre getting so worked up about it. Its really not a problem.问题1选项A.unconcernedB.concernedC.angryD.happy【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项unconcerned“不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的”；B选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；C选项angry“生气的；愤怒的；狂暴的；（伤口等）发炎的”；D选项happy“幸福的；高兴的；巧妙的”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么生气。这真的不是问题。本句关键词worked up表示“激动的，生气的”，四个选项中C选项最合适，因此C选项正确。12

59、. 单选题David（ ）his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.问题1选项A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge “保证；许诺”； contribute “贡献，出力”； acknowledge “承认，答谢”；attribute “归属；把归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于”，因此选项D符合题意。13. 单选题The wealth

60、of a country should be measured（ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in terms ofB.by means ofC.in regard toD.in line with【答案】A【解析】考查短语。in terms of “依据，按照”；by means of “用，依靠”；in regard to “关于”；in line with “符合，与一致”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从A与B

61、选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Weve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes, two conditions affecting millions of Americans. What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle factors also play an important role in cancer. Thats the bad news. The good news is you can do something about your lifestyle. If we grew thinner, exercised regularly, avoided diets rich in red meat and ate diets rich in fruits and vegetables, and stopped using tobacco, we woul