英文文献 科技类 原文及翻译 (电子 电气 自动化 通信)39

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1、一种基于指纹识别的IC卡门禁系统摘要：讨论了一种具有广泛应用前景的指纹IC卡电子门禁系统，介绍了其设计方案、系统的总线结构以及单片机控制部分的软、硬件实现。该系统将成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术紧密结合在一起，很好地解决了门禁系统中的身份认证问题和纸质门票带来的不便，具有很强的灵活性、可靠性和安全性，非常适合于大型风景区等公共场所的门禁管理。关键词：指纹门禁，智能卡，指纹识别，单片机对于一票制而需多次进入的地铁、旅游胜地入口等场合，传统的纸质售票方式已经越来越不适用于各部门管理的要求，进行计算机电子门票管理是社会发展的大势所趋。其中入口处的身份认证是门禁管理的核心工作。在现行的许多计算机系

2、统中，用户的身份认证大都使用用户ID+密码的方法。实际上，这种方法隐含着密码易遗忘、可传递、易被别人窃盗用等安全问题，同时在入口处需要密码输入不适合人流量较大的公共场所，因此在电子门禁中需要一种更为便捷可靠的身份认证方案。针对于上述问题，本文讨论了一种已研制成功的基于成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术的电子门禁系统，它具有人卡合一的功能，方便可靠地进行入口身份认证，十分便于部门管理。1 门禁系统总体方案1.1人卡合一的设计思路生物识别技术是一种根据人类的生理特征(指纹、声音、脸孔、虹膜等)来进行个人身份认证的辩识技术。近年来，随着信息产业的发展，生物识别技术在国内外得到了越来越广泛的研究和应用

3、。其中指纹自动识别技术是当今发展最成熟的一种生物识别技术，指纹作为人体生物识别的一种方式，它具有以下几个显著的优点：(1)确定性：每个指纹在人六个月的时候形成，以后终身不会改变，即使被划伤、烧伤，只要不伤及真皮，都不会改变他的指纹形状。(2)唯一性：两个完全一样的指纹出现的概率非常小，不超过600亿分之一。(3)取样简单：只需一个电容或光学的指纹采集器就可采集指纹图像。存储数据少：指纹识别中使用的模板只是从指纹图片中提取的特征字节，而不是整幅指纹图片，特征字节的大小为300400B，存储量相对较小。另一方面，与磁卡相比IC卡作为个人指纹的载体又具有以下几个优点：(1)IC卡片使用寿命较长，一般

4、可反复读写10万次以上。(2)卡片存储容量大，具有足够空间存放指纹图像的特征数据。(3)加密存储卡具有逻辑加密功能，卡片受密码保护，可以防止非法复制。门禁系统将卡持有者的指纹加密后存储在智能卡上，并在智能卡的读写机具(或系统上)加装指纹识别系统，当持卡者将卡插入智能卡读写机具时，读写机具首先将指纹信息读出来并要求用户比对指纹，通过比对卡上的指纹和持卡者本人的指纹就可确定持卡者是否为卡的真正主人。这样便保证了只有真正的卡主人才能使用这张卡。我们将这种加装了指纹识别系统和智能卡读写机具的门闸称为指纹IC卡门闸。将指纹识别技术和智能卡结合起来，是目前门禁系统中最具有前景的身份认证方案。它不但解决了纸

5、质门票的身份认证难题，而且由于实现了人卡合一的计算机管理，也为管理者提供了灵活的门禁方案。1.2 系统组成基于上述设计思路和一般的实际应用要求，一般的指纹IC卡 门禁系统由3个部分组成，其基于单个入口处的总体框图如图1所示.门禁管理PC机单片机控制系统IC卡读写器电动门闸指纹采集校验模块指 纹指纹IC卡图1 指纹IC卡门禁框图(1)门禁管理系统 门禁管理子系统完成门票管理和发卡两项功能。其中门票管理软件实现门票记录、查询、统计等管理任务。所谓发卡是指在将卡片发行给用户之前，需要由发卡机构将卡片的应用序列号、密码、允许使用天数等基本信息写入用户IC卡内的这一过程。一般来讲，门禁管理PC 机可以通

6、过两种方式实现数据采集：利用大容量IC卡人工批量采集或通过串口互联形成的低层电子门闸网络实时地完成入口数据采集。对于有多个入口的门禁系统，如大型的足球体育场、有多个景点的大型自然风景区等，需要在不同地点，安装多个这样的子系统。这时系统需要根据地点间距离和用户要求，将各门票管理PC机再组成一个局域网，便于各入口处统一管理和相互间的数据传输。对于大型的体育场，多个入口间距离较近，采用10M 或100M的以太网较为合适。对于大型的自然景区或地铁，各入口处距离较远且地形复杂，铺设电缆难，采用基于模拟通信方式的公众电话网（PSTN），就基本可以满足系统要求。(2)指纹IC 卡 所谓指纹IC卡，是指记录用

7、户生物指纹特征值和其它信息值的存储IC 卡。在门禁系统中，指纹IC卡就是一张由用户唯一持有的电子门票。用户首次使用时，由IC卡门闸提取指纹并和当前时间一起写入卡中，以后卡持有者在每次进入时将该卡插入读卡机，随后将手指伸到指纹采集窗口，读卡机便会自动将他的指纹和卡上的指纹相比对，比对成功则启动门闸放行，同时记录进入的卡号、时间等信息。目前市场上有多种型号的IC卡，对于各生产厂家的产品，特点也不尽相同。例如美国ATMEL公司生产的AT88C102 加密存储卡，该卡具有1kB 的加密EEPROM 、2B密码、4 次密码比较机会、10万次读写循环能力，完全可满足门禁系统的需要。(3)IC卡 电子门闸指

8、纹 IC卡电子门闸是本文介绍的重点，它由指纹采集验证模块、IC卡读写器、单片机控制系统、电动门闸4 个部分组成。其中前3个部分有机地溶于门闸的箱体之中，共同形成一个独立的身份验证和出、入控制终端。它可独立于上位计算机完成卡片第一次使用时用户指纹提取、写入和再次使用时的身份验证以及逻辑判断等几项基本操作。1.3 IC卡电子门闸IC卡电子门闸是指纹门禁系统的核心，在讨论了门禁系统设计思路和系统组成后，以下将对指纹IC卡门闸各子模块的组成和功能作进一步的介绍。(1) 指纹采集校验模块 数字指纹采集校验模块包括一个35mm 35mm光电感应式传感器板(即采集窗口OpticalUnit)、一个32位 C

9、PU、动态随机存储器(DRAM)、闪存(Flash Memory)，可编程逻辑器件(PLD)等部件组成，其结构框图如图2所示。它是一个基于第三方产品的独立子系统(例如美国ATMEL-Grenoble division 公司的FCD4A14系列指纹传感器等)。指纹采集校验模块可提供一个RS-232接口与单片机进行联系，在微处理器控制系统的参与下完成以下两个功能。首先，能采集完整的数字指纹图像，并从中提取特征生物代码，传输给单片机系统。其次能够自动进行指纹鉴定：提取指纹采集图像特征，并将该数字指纹特征生物代码信息存储在Flash中 ，再与预存在IC卡中的该用户特征生物代码信息自动进行比较；能够将指

10、纹校验的结果按占一定的传输规程传递给单片机系统。32Bit RISC CPU闪存动态随机存储器电源采集窗口PLDRS232图2 指纹采集校验模框图(2) 电动式IC卡读写器 IC卡读写器是门闸系统直接与智能卡接触的机电装置，它内含接口电路。CPU通过操作时序可以完成读写器卡片内数据的读取、写入等基本操作。它是CPU对智能卡进行读/写操作的桥梁。为了使系统更加方便快捷，我们采用了电动式入出卡控制结构。(3)电动门闸 这里使用的是三辊电动门闸，它是门禁系统的执行机构，通过单片机控制其开、关。(4)单片机控制系统 单片机控制系统是指纹IC卡门闸系统运行的核心，它负责协调系统各项工作，完成IC卡读写，

11、指纹采集和验证命令发送，门闸执行机构控制，根据用户要求实现各种门闸控制逻辑，同时采用128 64点阵型LCD(英文4 行16字 ，中文4行 8字)显示当前状态，根据面板输入进行运行模式切换等工作。2 系统硬、软件设计及性能指标2.1 单片机控制系统硬件框图在指纹门闸系统中，单片机控制系统硬件设计是系统研发的一个难点。它包括IC卡接口、辊轴控制、指纹仪接口、系统LCD显示和外围存储器扩展接口以及系统电源等几部分电路组成。其总体具体设计框图如图3所示。微处理器与外围芯片采用I2C 串行总线技术：即利用AT89051的 二根I/O口线模拟I2C 串行总线时序，再采用I2C接 口器件进行I/O口扩展。

12、这样一来，虽然加大了软件编程的难度，但是却大大减化了硬件电路设计，提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性，同时还降低了硬件成本。另外一方面，为增强系统对继电器电弧和电磁抗干扰能力，各个工作部分采用单独的电源供电，各个信号地之间不直接连接，用光耦隔离。电路设计中也多处采用去耦电容和选用优质电源，降低了交流回路的工频干扰。5VMCS8051时钟看门狗电路显示、蜂鸣存储器RS232/485通讯辊轴控制电路指纹接口复位电路电源IC卡读写15V图3 门闸控制电路2.2 系统软件流程是否是否否是有卡插入本系统卡?第一次使用?报错读卡内指纹数据并和本人指纹比对比对成功?满足其他条件?登录指纹，将指纹特征信息写入卡内启动

13、门闸，放行否图4 主程序流程图图4是主程序流程图，系统上电复位初始化时，读取系统EEPROM中的各项参数，然后定时检测是否有卡插入，并不断刷新系统显示。当有卡插入时，完成IC卡检测、指纹采集校验、门闸电机控制、入门逻辑检验等基本功能。2.3 系统性能对于本文所述的IC卡指纹门禁系统，识别性能指标是系统的关键。经过长期使用和多次测试，各项指标如下。识别时间：2s ；允许旋转角度：45；特征字节大小：400； FRR(拒真率):0.1%；FAR(认假率):0.001%。工作温度：-540 ；工作湿度：RH 90%；可见系统反映速度快，识别效果良好且运行性能稳定。3 小结随着我国信息产业技术的快速发

14、展，生物识别技术和IC卡技术分别在各自领域取得了广泛的应用。在此基础上，本文将两者结合在一起提出了人卡合一的指纹IC卡技术思路并讨论了一种指纹IC卡电子门禁系统，讨论了门禁系统的总体设计及门闸系统的单片机控制的软、硬件实现。该系统将成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术紧密结合在一起，很好地解决了门闸系统中的身份认证问题，具有可靠性强、安全性高等特点。目前该系统已现场实时运行，取得了良好的运行效果。An Intelligent Card Entrance Guard System Based on Fingerprint【Abstract】An intelligent card entrance

15、guard system based on fingerprint identification is proposed in this paper. The total idea designed for this system is described firstly, and then the implementation of hardware and software of SCM in this system are discussed. The identification and other problems in the previous paper tickets syst

16、ems can be solved very well bu using the combination of fingerprint identification and intelligent card technologies.【Key words】Fingerprint entrance guard, Intelligent card, fingerprint identification, .Single chip microcomputer(SCM)Situations and so on subway which, tourist attraction entrance must

17、 enter many times regarding a ticket system, the traditional paper booking way more and more was not already suitable for various divisional management request, carries on the computer electron admission ticket management is the social development ultimately. And the entrance status authentication i

18、s the entrance guard management core work. In the present many computer system, users status authentication uses mostly; User ID+ password Method. In fact, this method conceals the password easily to forget, may to transmit, easily by others theft with and so on security problem, simultaneously need

19、s the password input in the entrance not to suit the stream of people quantity big public place, therefore needs one more convenient reliable status authentication plan in the electronic entrance guard. In view in the above question, this article discussed one kind to develop successful based on the

20、 mature fingerprint biology recognition technology and the IC card technology electronic entrance guard system, it has The person card unites The function, facilitates carries on the entrance status authentication reliably, is very advantageous for the divisional mana.1. Entrance guard system overal

21、l concept1.1 The person card unites Design mentalityThe biological recognition technology is one kind according to humanitys physiological characteristic (fingerprint, sound, the face, iris and so on) carries on individual status authentication to debate knows the technology. In recent years, along

22、with information industries development, the biological recognition technology in domestic and foreign obtained more and more extensive research and the application. And the fingerprint automatic diagnosis technology develops the maturest one biological recognition technology now, the fingerprint ta

23、kes the human body biology recognition one way, it has the following several remarkable merits: (1) determinism: Each fingerprint in person six month-long time forms, lifelong will not change later, even if is scratched, the burn, so long as will not injury and the dermis, will not change his finger

24、print shape. (2) uniqueness: Two completely same fingerprints appear the probability is small, does not surpass 1/60000000000. (3) sample is simple: Only needs an electric capacity or optics fingerprint gathering may gather the fingerprint image. The stored datum are few: In the fingerprint recognit

25、ion uses the template is only the characteristic byte which withdraws from the fingerprint picture, but is not the view picture fingerprint picture, the characteristic bytes size is 300400B, the reserves is relatively small. On the other hand, compares the IC card with the magcard to take individual

26、 fingerprint the carrier also to have the following several merits: the (1) IC card service life is long, generally may repeatedly above the read-write 100,000 times. (2) Card storage capacity is big, has the enough spatial depositing fingerprint image characteristic data. (3) encryption memory stic

27、k has the logical encryption function, the card the password protection, may prevent the illegal duplication. After entrance guard system card holder fingerprint encryption, saves on the smart card, and (or on system) installs the fingerprint recognition system in the smart card read-write machines

28、and tools, when holds the card the card insertion smart card read-write machines and tools, the read-write machines and tools first read the fingerprint information and request the user compared to the fingerprint, through compared to and holds the card myself fingerprint to the card fingerprint to

29、be possible to determine that holds the card whether for card genuine master. This then guaranteed only then the genuine card master to be able to use this card. We have installed this kind the fingerprint recognition system and the smart card read-write machines and tools roll-down door are called

30、the fingerprint IC card roll-down door. Unify the fingerprint recognition technology and the smart card, is in the present entrance guard system the brightest outlook status authentication plan. Not only it has solved the paper admission ticket status authentication difficult problem, moreover, beca

31、use has realized The person card unites Computer management, also has provided the nimble entrance guard plan for the superintendent.1.2 System compositionBased on the above design mentality and the general practical application request, the common fingerprint IC card entrance guard system is compos

32、ed of 3 parts.(1)Entrance guard management system management system The entrance guard management.Subsystem completes the admission ticket management and sends the card two functions. And the admission ticket management software realizes management tasks and so on admission ticket record, inquiry, s

33、tatistics. So-called sends the card is refers to before the card release for the user, needs by to send the card organization the card application series number, the password, the permission use number of days and so on basic information to read in the user IC card this process. Generally speaking,

34、the entrance guard manages PC machine to be possible to realize the data acquisition through two ways: Uses large capacity IC card artificial batch gathering or the underlying bed electron roll-down door network which forms through the serial port interconnection real-time completes entry data gathe

35、ring. Regarding has many entrance entrance guard systems, like the large-scale soccer stadium, has the many scenic spot large-scale natural scenic spots and so on, needs in the different place, to install many such subsystems. By now the system needed to be away from and the user request according t

36、o the place, manages PC machine various admission tickets to compose a local area network again, is advantageous for the various entrances global administration and the data transmission. Regarding the large-scale stadium, between many entrances is away from near, uses 10M or the 100M ethernet is mo

37、re appropriate. Regarding the large-scale natural scenic area or the subway, various entrances are away from far, and the terrain is complex, the string cable is difficult, to use based on the analog communications way public telephone network (PSTN), basic may satisfy the system request. (2) finger

38、print IC card The so-called fingerprint IC card, is refers to the record user biology fingerprint characteristic value and other information value memory IC card. In the entrance guard system, the fingerprint IC card is one electronic admission ticket which has only by the user. When the user uses f

39、or the first time, reads in together the card by the IC card roll-down door extraction fingerprint and with the current time, the card holder when each time will enter later this card insertion card reader, will extend afterward the finger to the fingerprint gathering window, the card reader then au

40、tomatically compares rightly in his fingerprint and the card fingerprint, will compare starts the roll-down door to the success to allow to pass, simultaneously will record information and so on card number which, time will enter. At present in the market has many kinds of model IC cards, regarding

41、each Manufacturers product, the characteristic is also different. For example American ATMEL Corporation produces at88C102 encryption memory stick, this clamping apparatus have 1kB encryption EEPROM, the 2B password, 4 password comparison opportunity, 100,000 read-write circulation ability, definite

42、ly may meet the entrance guard systems needs. (3)IC card electron roll-down door fingerprint The IC card electron roll-down door is the key point which this article said that it by the fingerprint gathering confirmation module, the IC card reader-writer, the monolithic integrated circuit control sys

43、tem, the electrically operated roll-down door 4 parts is composed. And the first 3 parts organically dissolve in the roll-down door box body, forms an independent identification authentication together and, enters the control terminal. It may the independence completes when the card first use in the

44、 superior computer the user fingerprint extraction, read in with uses when once more identification authentication as well as the logical judgement and so on several elementary operation eos.1.3 IC card electron roll-down doorThe IC card electron roll-down door is the fingerprint entrance guard syst

45、ems core, after discussing the entrance guard system design mentality and the system composition, the following will make the further introduction to the fingerprint IC card roll-down door various submodules composition and the function. (1) Fingerprint gathering verification module The digital fing

46、erprint gathering verification module including a 35mm 35mm electro-optic induction board (i.e. gathering window OpticalUnit), 32 CPU, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), dodges saves (Flash Memory), part compositions and so on programmable logical component (PLD), its structure diagram as shown in

47、 Figure 2. It is one based on the third party product independent subsystem (e.g. American ATMEL-Grenoble division Corporations FCD4A14 series fingerprint sensor and so on). The fingerprint gathering verification module may provide a RS-232 connection and the monolithic integrated circuit carries on

48、 the relation, completes the following two functions under the microprocessor control systems participation. First, can gather the complete digital fingerprint image, and withdraws the characteristic biology code, the transmission gives the monolithic integrated circuit system. Next can carry on the

49、 fingerprint appraisal automatically: The extraction fingerprint gathering image characteristic, and this digital fingerprint characteristic biology code information storage in Flash, with has in the IC card this user characteristic biology code information to carry on automatically in advance again

50、 the comparison; Can according to occupy the fingerprint verification result certain transmission regulations to transmit for the monolithic integrated circuit system. (2) Electromotive type IC card reader-writer The IC card reader-writer is the roll-down door system directly with the smart card con

51、tact mechanical and electrical installment, it contains the interface circuit. CPU may complete in the reader-writer card through the operation succession the data read, to read in and so on elementary operation eo. It is CPU carries on to the smart card reads/writes the operation the bridge. In ord

52、er to cause the system to be more convenient quickly, we used electromotive type entered the card control structure.(3)electrically operated roll-down door What here uses is three roller electrically operated roll-down doors, it is the entrance guard systems implementing agency, controls it through

53、the monolithic integrated circuit to open, the pass. (4) monolithic integrated circuit control system The monolithic integrated circuit control system is fingerprint IC the Carmen brake system series movement core, it is responsible for coordination system each work, completes the IC card read-write

54、, fingerprint gathering and the confirmation order transmission, the roll-down door implementing agency control, realizes each kind of roll-down door control logic according to the user request, simultaneously uses 128 64 lattice LCD (English 4 lines of 16 characters, Chinese 4 lines of 8 characters

55、) demonstrates the current condition, carries on work and so on movement pattern cut according to the kneading board input.2. The system is hard, software design and performance index2.1 Monolithic integrated circuit control system hardware diagramIn the fingerprint roll-down door system, the monoli

56、thic integrated circuit control system hardware design is a system research and development difficulty. It including the IC card connection, the stone roller control, the fingerprint meter connection, the system LCD demonstration and the periphery memory expands the connection as well as the system

57、power source and so on several part of electric circuit compositions. Its overall concrete design diagram as shown in Figure 3. The microprocessor and the periphery chip use the I2C serial bussing technique: Namely simulates the I2C serial main line succession using at89051 two I/O mouth line, uses

58、the I2C connection component to carry on the I/O mouth expansion again. As the matter stands, although has increased the software programming difficulty, but actually greatly reduced has melted the hardware circuit design, enhanced systems stability and the reliability, meanwhile reduced the hardwar

59、e cost. Moreover on the one hand, for the enhancement system to the relay electric arc and electromagnetism antijamming ability, each effective range uses the independent power source power supply, each signal between direct connection, uses up the pair isolation. In the circuit design also many pla

60、ce uses the decoupling electric capacity and selects the high quality power source, reduced has exchanged return routes power frequency disturbance.2.2 System software flowOn when system electricity replacement initialization, in read system EEPROM each parameter, then fixed time examines whether to

61、 have the card insertion, and unceasingly refurbishing system demonstration. When has the card insertion, completes the IC card examination, the fingerprint gathering verification, the roll-down door motor control, the basic logical checking and so on basic function2.3 System performanceThe IC card

62、fingerprint entrance guard system which states regarding this article, the recognition performance index is systems key. After uses for a long time and tests many times, each target is as follows. Recognition time: 2s ；Permission degrees rotation：45；Characteristic byte size：400,FRR:0.1%,FAR:0.001%.O

63、perating temperature：-540 ；Work humidity：RH 90%；Obviously the system reflection speed is quick, the recognition effect is good, and the performance characteristic is stable.3. SubtotalAlong with our country information industries technologys fast development, the biological recognition technology an

64、d the IC card technology has obtained the widespread application separately in the respective domain. Based on this, this article unified both were proposing together The person card unites The fingerprint IC card technology mentality and discussed one kind of fingerprint IC card electron entrance g

65、uard system, discussed the software and hardware which the entrance guard systems system design disciple floodgate systems monolithic integrated circuit controlled to realize. This system the mature fingerprint biology recognition technology and the IC card technology will unify closely in together, has solved in the roll-down door systems status authentication problem well, will have the reliability to be stron