2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷77（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题From his directions, it shouldnt be difficult to （ ）the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.问题1选项A.determineB.locateC.unearthD.ascertain【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。determine “确定某事物，决定”； locate“找出;使坐落于”； unearth “发掘，掘出”； ascertain “确定，查明”。句意

2、：根据他的指示，你不难在地图上找到那栋海滨别墅的地点，即使你从来没有去过那个地方。2. 翻译题Translate the following short paragraphs into English理性的、勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：对第一类人而言，工作就是工作，娱乐 就是娱乐；对第二类人而言，工作和娱乐是相结合的。前者占多数。他们可以得到相应的报酬。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅能够带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最单纯的方式进行的。 而第二类人则是命运的宠儿，他们的生活自然而和谐。在他们的眼里，工作时间永远不够多，每天都是假期；

3、而真正的假日到来时，他们总会抱怨自己有趣的休假被强行中断。事实上，有一些东西对于这两类人来说都十分必要，那就是变换一下角度，改变一下环境，尝试做点不同的事情。实际上，那些把工作看作娱乐的人可能需要以某种方式将工作不时地从自己的大脑里赶出去。【答案】Rational, industrious and useful man can be classified into two groups: for the first group, work is work and entertainment is entertainment; for the second group, work and ent

4、ertainment are one. The former group are the majority. They have their corresponding payment. The long hours in the office or the factory bring enough money to support family, as well as a strong desire to obtain pleasure, even in its simplest and more modest forms. The second group are Fortunes fav

5、ored children. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and when ordinary holidays come, they always complain that their interesting holidays are interrupted forcibly.In fact, it is essential for both two groups to change the outlook,

6、atmosphere and environment and try something different. Indeed, those who regard work as entertainment should banish work from their minds in some way.3. 翻译题赢家不会让他们的生命局限在自己“理当”成为何种人的观念中。事实上，他们顺应天性行事。所以，他们不会费尽心思地装模作样，故作姿态、玩弄他人。他们十分清楚爱与装爱，傻与装傻，真才实学与故作高深之间的差别。赢家没有必要藏在面具后面掩饰自己。赢家不害怕独立思考和运用自身的知识，他们既懂得辨别事

7、实与想法，又不会装作通晓一切。他们倾听他人的意见，衡量他人的言论，最后得出自己的判断。尽管赢家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，却不会彻底为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。【答案】Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be. In fact, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretense, and manipulating ot

8、hers. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowled

9、ge. They can separate from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.4. 单选题The robbers bro

10、ke into the bank, （ ）the clerks with revolvers and forced them to give money just as they were about to knock off.问题1选项A.shotB.frightenedC.amusedD.menaced【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Shot “射击”； frightened “惊恐，使害怕”；amused “逗乐，使发笑”；menaced “威胁，恐吓”。句意：歹徒冲进银行，在银行职员打算按警报器的时候用枪威胁他们，强迫他们把钱拿出来。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题A broadcas

11、ting station will sometimes （ ）to its listeners a programme which it has received from another station.问题1选项A.relyB.relayC.relateD.reside【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rely “依靠”；relay “转播”；relate “联系”；reside “居住，留守”。句意:有时候一个广播电台会将其所收到的其他电台的节目转播给听众。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Occasional self-medication has always been part of

12、normal living. The making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood,

13、 so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescribes, to the treatme

14、nt of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development o

15、f scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and peoples nutritional standards have arisen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended

16、to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising

17、from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because docto

18、rs have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by

19、themselves within a short time.These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a persons health; it may even ma

20、ke it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked a

21、nd therefore medical help may not be sought.1.The first paragraph is intended to （ ）.2.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because（ ）.3.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain（ ）.4.In Paragraph 4 the author illustrates（ ）.5.The best title for the text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.suggest that

22、 self-medication has a long historyB.distinguish between medical prescribing and self-medicationC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes问题2选项A.they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they dont

23、take to sports and easily catch colds问题3选项A.that good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfulC.why in modem times self-medication is still practicedD.why people develop faulty ways of life问题4选项A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.peoples doubt about taking

24、drugsC.why it may be worse to take drugs by oneselfD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people问题5选项A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-medicationD.Self-treatment【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living提到偶尔的自

25、我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自

26、行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse becau

27、se the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought，列举出了很多情况，比如购买的药物可能有不恰当的成分、使用者会依赖这些药物、使用者可能过去食用

28、等等。选项D符合题意。5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段讲述了自我治疗的历史；第二段讲述了自我治疗出现的原因；第三段讲述了广告商对自我治疗产生的影响；第四段讲述了自我治疗有可能会引发的问题。由此可知，全文都是在讲述自我治疗。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will（ ） for many years to come.问题1选项A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。disco

29、unt “打折扣”；acquit “无罪释放”；cherish “珍惜”；blur “使模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题To everyones surprise, the woman candidate from a small party （ ）the poll in the first round of voting.问题1选项A.eclipsedB.outshinedC.toppedD.deprived【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eclipse “遮住的光”; outshine “使相形见绌”；to

30、p “超过”；deprive “剥夺，使丧失”。句意：让每个人惊讶的是，来自一个小政党的女候选人在第一轮投票中领先。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Weve just installed a fan （ ）to cooking smells from the kitchen.问题1选项A.ejectB.expelC.excludeD.exile【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eject “喷射，驱逐”；expel “驱逐”；exclude “排除，排出”；exile “放逐，流放”。句意：我们刚刚安装了一台风扇来排出厨房的烟气。选项B符合题意。10. 翻译题Read the following

31、 passage into ChineseWhat hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of men will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the sci

32、entific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere. It would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding.Perception of means and confusion of goals seem, in my opinion, to ch

33、aracterize our age, if we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in t

34、he long run.Following different approaches: a 19th-century Russian Physiologist ( I. M. Sechenov ), the U.S. founder of the behaviorist school of psychology ( J. R. Watson ), and a 20th-century Swiss developmental psychologist (Piaget) all arrived at the conclusion that the activities that serve as

35、elements of thinking are internalized of fractional versions of motor responses; that is, the elements are considered to be attenuated or curtailed variants of neuromuscular processes that, if they were not subjected to partial inhibition, would give rise to visible bodily movements.【答案】科学方法为人类隐含着什么

36、希望和恐惧呢？我认为这样提出这个问题是不恰当的。人类使用手中的工具生产出什么完全取决于人类存在的目标的本质。一旦这些目标存在，科学方法提供手段来实现它们。但是不能提供目标本身。科学方法本身不能产生任何影响。 而且，只有充满激情地去努力寻找正确的理解科学方法才会产生。在我看来，对于方法的感知和目标的困惑看起来是我们这个时代的特征。如果我们真心实意并且热情地希望整个人类能够生活在一个安全、好福利并且自由发展的社会，我们就不会缺少达到这个目标的方法。即使只有少部分人追求这个目标，从长远来看，它们的优势将会被证明。19世纪俄国生理学家（谢东诺夫）、美国行为主义心理学派创始人（华生）与20世纪瑞士发展心

37、理学家（皮亚杰）采用不同的方法，得出了同样的结论，那就是充当思考要素的行为是内化的或者微小的运动反应，也就是说这些要素被认为是神经肌肉过程的缩小体，如果它们没有受到部分抑制，会产生可见的身体运动。11. 单选题It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything two groups with appealing-leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat pushing the limits of te

38、chnology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA “letters” in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable.The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human b

39、ody, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Cel era Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a generic lab.Now the race is over. After years of public a

40、ttacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HGP head Francis Collins (and Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Cel era, agreed to hold a joint press conf

41、erence in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that The hostilities were resolved (for the time being).No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soont

42、he finish lines” each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, first drafts rather than the definitive version. And while the joint -announcement brings file former Genome Warriors closer together than theyre been in years, insiders say that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coo

43、rdination, rather-than outright collaboration.The conflict blew up, this February when Britains Welcome Trust an HGP participant released a confidential letter to Cetera outlining the HGPs complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do.” But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw

44、. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors, Venter told Newsweek in March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful. At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each others approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequenci

45、ng the human genome would be able to share the credit. By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Mondays joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. If this ends the horse race, science wins. With their difference behind

46、 them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data.1.The recent Genome Wars were symbolic of （ ）.2.The tone-of the author in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is（ ）.3.It is implied in the thir

47、d paragraph that（ ）.4.The word thaw (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means（ ）.5.The critical issue facing the scientists is to（ ）.问题1选项A.the enthusiasm in scientific researchB.the significance of the space raceC.the public versus private conflictD.the prospect of the completion of DNA sequence问题2

48、选项A.astonishedB.enthusiasticC.disappointedD.objective问题3选项A.the finish lines refers to completion of DNA research.B.former Genome Warriors will never fight again.C.the former warriors are now collaboratorsD.both sides will still work on independently问题4选项A.aggravation of tensionB.improvement in rela

49、tionC.intensification in attacksD.ending of coordination问题5选项A.apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankindB.end their horse race for the success of scienceC.get down to their genome researchD.set their differences aside【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句But the race itself,

50、between the governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Cel era Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a generic lab可知选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段最后对周一记者招待会进行了报道。根据 declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of

51、) and that The hostilities were resolved (for the time being)可知作者对该会议的报道客观，引用会议双方的申明。所以选项D符合题意。3.文章倒数第二段提到尽管共同宣言使得以前的基因勇士们比几年前更加亲密，内部人员未来达成的共识可能更多采取协调的形式，而不是直接的合作（And while the joint -announcement brings file former Genome Warriors closer together than theyre been in years, insiders say that future

52、agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather-than outright collaboration）。选项D “双方会继续独立工作”与这个说法切合，因此符合题意。4.文章倒数第一段一开始提到战争爆发（blew up），第三句But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw， “but”转折指出第一次有“thaw”的迹象，接着又提到赛来拉公司创始人认为对抗不好，可以推断出双方关系得到改善，thaw 有“解冻”的意思，选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一句提到

53、把矛盾抛诸脑后，或者至少应该放在一边，科学家们应该能够好好研究这个有趣的问题了，即怎么利用这些数据（With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data）。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machine

54、s must（ ）solar energy in a short time, and this made others astonished.问题1选项A.accelerateB.operateC.generateD.utilize【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Accelerate “加速”；operate “运行”； generate “产生”；Utilize “利用”。句意：为了避免石油不足，我们应该倡导在短时间内机器使用太阳能。这种想法让其他人感到震惊。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题I （ ）the ministers figures, the true cost of the p

55、roject is much higher.问题1选项A.contendB.agreeC.disputeD.disagree【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。contend “主张；为斗争”；agree “同意”；dispute “辩论；争吵”；disagree “不同意；不一致”。句意：我怀疑部长所说的数据项目的实际花费更高。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United

56、 States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making sc

57、ientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas

58、the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S.

59、students.With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the” speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much cl

60、oser contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will rever

61、t toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly

62、 facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for rea

63、l-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in t