2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷49（含答案解析）

《2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷49（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷49（含答案解析）（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The volcano gave warning that it would soon pop: small earthquakes shuddered beneath its surface on September 23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项 sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted “爆发；长出”；D选项 shook “摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。

2、结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。2. 单选题In response to the signals, the robot arms make scribbles on white canvas with three colored markers attached to the end of the arms.问题1选项A.imagesB.scriptsC.scratchesD.characters【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images “图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts “原稿”；C

3、选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项 characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。3. 单选题She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor.问题1选项A.operateB.contributeC.monitorD.send【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项o

4、perate“操作；经营；引起；行动”；B选项 contribute “贡献，出力；投稿；捐献”；C选项 monitor “监控”；D选项send“发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射”。句意：然后，她可以在电脑屏幕上操纵3d图像，绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径。结合此处关键短语map the shortest, least invasive surgical path “绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径”，得知A选项最符合句意。4. 单选题In her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class

5、reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?”Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the ove

6、rwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy

7、 observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had

8、 been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attenD.For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reun

9、ions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend consider

10、able money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the sa

11、tisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estim

12、ate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized compa

13、nies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of coll

14、ege reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the stree

15、ts is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example

16、, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or s

17、chools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especi

18、ally reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall o

19、utside of their university ties or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.1. According to the passage, Sparacinos study _.2. Which of the following is NOT ment

20、ioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?3. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?4. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to _.5. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.provided strong evidence for Jaffes statementB.showed that attendees tended to e

21、xcel in high school studyC.found that interest in reunions was linked with school experienceD.found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success问题2选项A.U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent successB.Reunions are regular and formal events organized by profe

22、ssional agenciesC.Class reunions have become a profitable businessD.Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities问题3选项A.The variety of activities for class reunionB.The special status their university enjoysC.Shared experience beyond the campusD.Shared undergraduate experience on campus问

23、题4选项A.introduce Rona Jaffes novelB.present the authors counterargumentC.serve as prelude to the authors argumentD.bring into focus contrasting opinions问题5选项A.A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United StatesB.Reasons for popularity and attendance for alumni reunionsC.Alumni reunions

24、and American university traditionsD.Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacinos study”可以定位到文章第三段中“In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and

25、 more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well

26、they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们

27、同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example, beca

28、use they are relatively small or especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B选项“他们大学享有的特殊地位”正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“In her novel of Reunion, American

29、 Style, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I? ” 中文翻译为：在她的小说美国风格的重聚中，罗娜贾菲暗示，一次班级聚会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe

30、s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。5. 单选题By being over-zealous with food restrictio

31、n, the dieter inadvertently makes a binge on forbidden foods far more likely and you may as well forget the idea of banning things.问题1选项A.may properlyB.had betterC.should surelyD.may probably【答案】B【解析】A选项 may properly “适当地”；B选项 had better “最好”；C选项 should surely “应该”；D选项 may probably “也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制

32、食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词 may as well “最好”，得知B为正确答案。6. 翻译题Mother languages, along with linguistic diversity, matter for the identity of individuals. As sources of creativity and vehicles for cultural expression, they are also important for the health of societies. Not least, languages a

33、re factors for development and growth. We know how important education in the mother language is for learning outcomes. Mother language instruction is a powerful way to fight discrimination and reach out to marginalized population. As wellsprings of knowledge, languages are also starting points for

34、greater sustainability in development, for managing more harmoniously our relationship with the environment and change.【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。7. 写作题Nowadays the way m

35、any people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the way people communicate with each other? Has this become a positive or negative development? You must write logically and show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. Yo

36、u may make use of any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should have your own title and write at least 200 words.【答案】略。8. 单选题The protective covering of lobsters, nobody could doubt, is an adaptation evolved by Darwinian selection.问题1选项A.adjustmentB.applicationC.argumentD.assemb

37、ly【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 adjustment “调整，调节；调节器”；B选项 application “应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项 argument “论证；论据；争吵；内容提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项 assembly “装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation “适应”，得知A为正确答案。9. 单选题It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A

38、 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A mans purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to

39、 his children.Okay, so thats the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a mans lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-pro

40、duced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perlss study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are fo

41、ur to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a “testosterone storm”. Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, su

42、icide.and drowning. ”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesnt account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found th

43、at while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adv

44、erse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian

45、 Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimers. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the a

46、ge of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that the older you get, the sicker you get. Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier youve been.”1. This passage mainly discusses_.2. According to Thomas Perls, which of the fo

47、llowing is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?3. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to _.4. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that_.5. Compared with women, men as a whole_.问题1选项A.why women lead a healthier life than menB.h

48、ow women can live longer and stay healthyC.what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD.whether mens life style leads to their early death问题2选项A.Their natural urge to remain healthyB.Their greater natural drive to pass on genesC.Their need to bear healthy offspringD.Their desire to have more chi

49、ldren问题3选项A.support the argument about womens role in rearing childrenB.summarize a possible cause of different life expectanciesC.challenge the theory about our ancestors behavior patternsD.illustrate the history of human evolution process问题4选项A.increases as men grow olderB.reduces risk factors in

50、male behaviorC.leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD.accounts for womens dislike for violent films问题5选项A.suffer from depression more oftenB.suffer from diseases later than womenC.are reluctant to have physical checkupsD.are not affected by violent movies【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主

51、旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句 “It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men.” 中文翻译为：女人仍然比男人活得长，这是一个有据可查的事实。A选项 “为什么女性比男性生活得更健康。”文章中虽提及，但并不是文章的主要内容。C选项“是什么让男人不能享受更长的寿命呢。”在文章的第二段有所体现，但这篇文章不能简单地概括为“男人不能享受更长的寿命。”D选项的意思跟C选项大体一致，也可排除。由此可知B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字“Thomas Perls”可以定位到原文第一段 “

52、one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible.” 中文翻译为：一个是遗传基因的进化动力；另一个是需要保持足够的健康来抚养尽可能多的孩子。 因此可知B选项 “她们天生就有传递基因的动力”符合题意。3.作者意图题。由题干关键句“the legacy of our cave-dweller past” 可定位到原文第二段 “Okay, so thats the legacy of

53、our cave-dweller past”，中文翻译为：好吧，这就是过去穴居人留下的遗产。根据后文转折，可以得知C选项“挑战关于我们祖先行为模式的理论”为正确答案。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. ”，中文翻译为：测试产生的荷

54、尔蒙还会引发更危险的行为和攻击性，增加有害胆固醇的水平，增加患心脏病或中风的风险。可知C选项“导致攻击性行为和心脏病”正确。5.细节事实题。通过题干可以定位到第四段最后一句 “And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it true. ”中文大意：还有关于男人不喜欢经常看医生的刻板印象? 研究表明这是真的。由此可知C选项“与女性相比，男性总体上不愿意做身体检查”正确。10. 单选题The company makes a periodic

55、al review of expenditure every month.问题1选项A.regularB.immediateC.prevalentD.temporary【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 regular “定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项 immediate “立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项 prevalent “流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项 temporary “暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical “数 周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。11. 单选题Tesco is preparing a

56、legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least 80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said ye

57、sterday that Asda, Sainsburys and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over 116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to com

58、panies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behavior.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formulA.But the watchdog recognizes that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politici

59、ans and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among thems

60、elves.The average cost to each household is thought to be 11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half-pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The

61、National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become skeptical of their claims. Farmers for Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on wh

62、ether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrison and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defens

63、e of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Mor

64、rison has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT inve