2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第137期

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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions（离子）in the air can have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particle, and generally there is a rough ba

2、lance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a large proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms,earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral（寒冷的西北风）are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused

3、by a build-up of static electricity（静电）indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, an

4、d some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea（恶心）or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes. Snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led t

5、he US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce

6、 these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effort of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.33. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors,

7、some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate neuative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, w

8、ho dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic（地震的）readings to anticipa

9、te earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?2. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by（ ）.3. A high negative ion count is likely to be found（ ）.4. What kind of machine can generate negative ions in

10、doors?5. Some scientists believe that（ ）.问题1选项A.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather bad-tempered.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.问题2选项A.using home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copyi

11、ng TV programs on a computer问题3选项A.near a pond with a water pumpB.close to slow flowing riverC.in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler问题4选项A.Ionizers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuum-pump问题5选项A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effectiveB.the unusual behavio

12、rs of animals can not be trustedC.neither watching nor using seismograph is reliableD.earthquakes cannot affect any animals【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, i

13、rritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea（恶心）or even mental disturbance. 当大量的正离子存在空气中时，很多人经历不愉快的影响，如头痛、疲劳、易怒、一些特别敏感的人遭受恶心,甚至精神障碍。可知当空气中存在大量正离子时，人们会变得很不舒服。故C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“This happens naturally before thunderstorms,earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral are blowing i

14、n certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. 这是在雷暴之前自然发生的，雷暴是指某些国家刮西北风时发生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纤维制成的室内地毯或衣物、电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚造成的。”可知C项“人造地毯上行走”正确。A项“家用电器”与文中提

15、到的“电脑、电视机、复印机的显示屏会产生静电”不符，并不是所有家用电器都会产生静电。B项“natural materials”与原文中的“man-made fibers”不符。D项“在电脑上拷贝电视节目”并没有表明电脑在播放节目，原文提到只有显示屏在播放节目时才会产生静电，故D项错误。3.推理判断题。由第三段“Natural conditions that produce these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spr

16、ay. 产生这些的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近喷泉的瀑布，或任何水被喷洒的地方，或形成一个水沫。”可知要产生负离子，必须要有水快速流动。故只有D项“通过旋转器洒水的车辆”符合。4.推理判断题。To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate neuative ions. 为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生中性离子的小型便携式机器。故A项“电离子器”正

17、确。5.推理判断题。由第二段“This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. 这使得美国地理调查局(US Geographical Survey)资助了一个由志愿者组成的观察动物的网络，以便这些灾难袭击加州等脆弱地区之前，就预见它们。”可知科学家相信观察动物的表现可以有效地预测地震。故

18、A项正确。BCD三项内容与原文相反。2. 写作题Directions: Give a list of at least 5 examples of how Chinese culture shines a I dazzling Olympics opening ceremony, e.g. the percussion rhythms of 2,008 fouls, a primitive instrumenl made of clay or bronze. Remember Io write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 【答案】略3. 单选题It is

19、crucial that a broad set of people-not just technologists or those who happen to be in the computer industry（ ） in the debate about how this technology should be shaped.问题1选项A.compensateB.saturateC.motivateD.participate【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participate

20、in“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。4. 单选题To write a summary effectively, you will need to （ ）words for phrases, phrases for sentences, and general entrances for lists of details.问题1选项A.convertB.complementC.substituteD.constitute【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。convert转换,使转变；

21、complement补足，补助；substitute代替；constitute组成，构成。substitute for 代替。句意：为了写好一篇摘要，你需要用单词替代短语，用短语替代句子，用主旨替代细节。故C项正确。5. 单选题To partially overcome the problem of funds and to speed the （ ） of Western technology, Hungary sold a 30% stake in its national phone company to two Western companies.问题1选项A.auctionB.har

22、monyC.sacrificeD.import【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“牺牲，献祭”；import“进口”；句意：为了部分解决资金问题和加速西方技术的引进，匈牙利将其国家电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。匈牙利通过售卖国家电话公司的股份来获得资金以此来引进西方技术。故D项正确。6. 单选题Several loudspeakers are（ ） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.问题1选项A.connectedB.windedC

23、.associatedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】考查动辨析。connect“连接”；wind“缠绕”；associate“联系”；suspend“延缓，推迟，使悬浮”。句意：天花板上（ ）一些扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到演讲者说话。扩音器一般是悬浮在天花板上，故D项正确。7. 单选题There （ ） milk left in the refrigerator.问题1选项A.arent anyB.arent someC.isnt anyD.isnt some【答案】C【解析】考查语法。milk为不可数名词，any用于否定句。故C项正确。句意：冰箱里没有牛奶了。8. 填空题She

24、is a pretty girl and loves（ ） （fashion） clothes and shoes.【答案】fashionable【解析】放在名词前，故用形容词形式。9. 单选题The hotel（ ） we stayed last Friday was right in the center of the city.问题1选项A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。stay in the hotel，故用where引导定语从句，where=in which=in the hotel.句意：我们上周五住的那个酒店就在市中心。10. 单

25、选题Susan is studying algebra and geometry, and （ ） shes taking microcomputer lessons.问题1选项A.in a momentB.in briefC.in additionD.in conclusion【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in a moment“立刻，立即”；in brief“简言之”；in addition“另外，此外”；in conclusion“总之，最后”。句意：Susan正在学习代数和几何学，此外，她还在学习微型计算机课程。and表示并列关系，代数，几何，微型计算机课程都是并列关系，故C项正确。

26、11. 单选题I got a little（ ） when I learned that the appointment with the general manger was changed to another time.问题1选项A.concernedB.distractedC.upsetD.vicious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。concerned“有关的，关心的”；distracted“注意力分散的，分心的”；upset“心烦的，混乱的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”。句意：当我得知和总经理预约改期后，我有点（ ）。由句意内容推测预约改期后应该是心烦的，故C项正确。12.

27、 单选题Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tired

28、ness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue

29、is very real, even riot actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: Willpower exercise. （43） The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else

30、 and attack the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we

31、 work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which of the following can be called an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when ke

32、eping putting off a task, we can experience（ ）.3. To overcome start up fatigue, we need（ ）.4. The word, “insurmountable” in the last paragraph probably means .（ ）5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Success-zeal-success-zeal.B.Failure-tiredness-failure-ti

33、redness.C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness.D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion.问题2选项A.tirednessB.performance fatigueC.start-up fatigueD.unconsciousness问题3选项A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.willpower问题4选项A.that can not be solvedB.that can not be understoodC.that can not be imaginedD.that can not b

34、e objected问题5选项A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue.B.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.C.One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle.D.Failure often accompanies fatigue.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由关键词evil circle定位到第一

35、段 it is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue. 这是一个恶性循环。失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知B项“失败-疲劳-失败-疲劳”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case,

36、we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel. 们主要通过两种方式来体验这种疲劳: 启动疲劳和表现疲劳。在前一种情况下，我们总是拖延不得不做的事情。要么因为它太单调乏味，要么因为它太难，我们都避免它。我们拖延的时间越长，我们就会感到越累。可知当一个人一直拖延一项任务

37、时，他经历的是启动性疲劳。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: Willpower exercise. 补救措施显而易见，尽管可能不容易实施:意志力锻炼。可知为了克服启动性疲劳，我们需要的是意志力。故D项正确。4.词义题。Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. and并列连词，and前后表示的内容性质一致，故可由and后面的内容来推

38、知前面，and后面的内容是“不管我们多么努力，我们一次又一次地失败。”故insurmountable意为不可克服的，不可跨越的，A项正确。5.推理判断题。由第四段Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. 表现疲劳更难克服。这种情况下我们愿意开始，但是我们似乎不能把工作做好。可知AB两项正确。由第四段The mounting experience of failure carries with

39、it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. 失败的经验越来越多，精神疲劳的负担也越来越重。以及Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue. 失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知D项“疲劳经常伴随着疲劳”符合本文描述。C选项One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle（一个人在经历了邪恶的循环之后，最终会成

40、功）来自第一段，但第一段中并未提及“经历这个循环后就会成功”，因此C选项符合题意。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:13. 单选题As my friend（ ） here before, I had to meet him at the railway station.问题1选项A.had never beenB.has never beenC.had been neverD.never was【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由后半句had to可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于had been之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之

41、前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。14. 单选题For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere

42、 absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Suns output without being impeded by the Earths atmosphere. Solar Max. a satellite from theNational Aeronautic

43、s and Space Administration (NASA), has been measuring the Suns output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellites control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuffle in 1984. Maxs observations indicate tha

44、t the solar constant is not really constant after all.The satellites instruments have detected frequent，small variations in the Suns energy output generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Suns mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluc

45、tuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Suns surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2.000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Suns surface. Particularly large fluctuati

46、ons in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large groups, in 1980，for example. Solar Maxs instruments registered a 0.3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earths

47、 surface.Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Maxs data have indicated s slow and steady decline in the Suns output. Some scientists have thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely in

48、dicating a drop, in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed; however, by comparing solar Maxs observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASAs Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1. What does this passage mainly discuss?2. Why does the author mention “gas and “dust” i

49、n line 3?3. According to the passage, scientists believe variations in the solar constant are related to（ ）.4. Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?5. The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as（ ）.问题1选项A.The launching of a weather sa

50、tellite.B.The components of the Earths atmosphere.C.The measurement of variations in the solar constant.D.The interaction of sunlight and air pollution.问题2选项A.They magnify the solar constant.B.They are found in varying concentrations.C.Scientific equipment is mined by gas and dustD.They interfere wi

51、th accurate measurement of the solar constant.问题3选项A.sunspot activityB.unusual weather patternsC.increased levels of dustD.fluctuations in the Earths temperature问题4选项A.Solar Max did not work for the first few years.B.The space shuttle could not fix Solar Maxs instruments.C.Solar Maxs instrument was

52、getting old.D.Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar.问题5选项A.an ongoing research effortB.an issue that has been resolvedC.a question that can never be answeredD.historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“For 150 years scientists have tried t

53、o determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. 150年来，科学家们一直试图确定太阳常数，即到达地球的太阳能总量。然而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。”可知本文的主题是solar constant太阳常数，主要讨论太阳常数的测量问题。故C项正确。2.判断

54、推理题。Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground. 而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。大气中的气体分子和尘埃颗粒

55、吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。所以作者提到气体分子和尘埃颗粒是想说明这两者阻碍了对太阳常数的精确测量。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由第三段“Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Suns surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperat

56、ure about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Suns surface. 科学家们认为，这些波动与太阳黑子上大群太阳黑子的出现和消失相吻合。太阳黑子是太阳表面上相对黑暗的区域，具有很强的磁场，温度比太阳表面的其他部分低2000华氏度。可知太阳常数的波动与太阳黑子的活动有关，故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Although Solar Maxs data have indicated s slow and steady decline in the Suns output. Some scientists h

57、ave thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop, in the solar constant. 尽管太阳活动极大期的数据显示太阳活动缓慢而稳定地减少。一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，该卫星的老化探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。可知由于卫星的老化有可能使得探测不敏感，所以科学家认为太阳活动极大期的信息可能不准确。故C项正确，5.文章最后一段讲了对于太阳常数的研究已经

58、展开，这是项复杂而艰巨的工程，需要持续不断的研究和努力。故A项正确。15. 单选题（ ）, it is quite easy to drill a hole on it with laser.问题1选项A.As the diamond is hardB.How hard is the diamondC.Hard as the diamond isD.Hard although the diamond is【答案】C【解析】考查倒装用法。由前后两句的关系可知，前一个分句为让步状语， 由此知B项与D项不正确；再由as引导让步状语从句时，后面做表语的名词或形容词要放在as前来形成倒装，故C项正确。句

59、意：钻石虽硬，但是用激光很容易钻一个洞。16. 单选题In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the（1）half of the 19th century; most of （2）were charitable. But in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great（3）during the First World W

60、ar, when（4）of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established（5）in munitions plants: under direct government sponsorship.（6）the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose（7）this rise, was accomplished without governmen

61、t aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,（8） , federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control（9）the day nurseries, chiefly by（10）them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The（11）of the Second World War w

62、as quickly followed by an increase in the nurseries in almost all countries, as women were（12）called upon to replace men in the factories. On this（13）the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,（14）$6.000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children

63、 of working. A lot States and local communities（15）this Federal aid. By the end of the war. in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared（16）in daycare centers receiving Federal（17）. Soon afterward, the Federal government（18）cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later（19）them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery sch