2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷50（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题_ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。but for “要不是；如果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for all “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题There are nowadays no

2、t many teachers who are strong of traditional methods in classroom teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Sponsors “赞助商”；contributors “贡献者，参与者”；advocates “拥护者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，执行者”。句意：现在提倡在教学中使用传统方法的老师不多了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer

3、 of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come out “出现；出版”；find out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were .问题1选项A.in n

4、o wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way “绝不”；on the contrary “相反”；at a loss “亏本地”； of no avail “无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。5. 翻译题世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。【答案】The benefit of development spread rather une

5、venly in the world as poverty and hunger ravage no a few countries. Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable disease have become more salient. All this has made our road toward universal peace and common development

6、a bumpy and challenging one.6. 单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your s

7、ociety.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad （发射台）. B

8、ut now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns（报酬递减率）begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full

9、 professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 030.A Ph. D. D.is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industria

10、l or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin philosophy, y

11、ou run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or back

12、water college pays much less than the janitor （看门人）earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the

13、 society expects of education is to turn out people who_.2. If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.3. Ph.D.s are most likely to .4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The writer is critical of .问题1选项A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become skilled workersC.can take care of the

14、mselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should do is to get a diploma问题3选项A.have difficulties getting properly emp

15、loyedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did EdisonB.There are far more Ph D s than the society demandsC.The higher your educat

16、ion level, the more money you will earnD.If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society问题5选项A.the employeesB.the Ph D sC.the employersD.the society【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到他们真正的期望是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力（What they really mean is to get just enough educati

17、on to provide manpower for your society），因此选项D符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到高中文凭是必要的，如果没有的话，除非你是萧伯纳或者爱迪生，如果你是他们，你小学辍学都行（unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school），因为他们就算没有文凭，也在各自领域中脱颖而出，因此选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第一句话提到美国失业或未充分就业的

18、博士人数比世界上其他国家要多（There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章第五段可知很多博士就业问题并不是很理想，由此可知选项C表述是错误的，符合题意。5.判断推理题。无论是雇主、雇员还有博士生本人都是属于社会中的一员，一系列状况都是社会发展导致的，因此作者批判的是这个社会，因此选项D符合题意。7. 单选题During the nineteen years of his care

19、er, France Battiate has won the _ of a wide audience outside Italy.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.reputationD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition “识别，承认”；appreciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题In order to repair barns, build

20、fence, grow crop and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be _.问题1选项A.restlessB.ceaselessC.availableD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless “焦躁不安的”；ceaseless “不断的”；available “可获得的”；versatile “多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Because of careless washing, the woolen sweater to

21、 a childs size.问题1选项A.compressedB.droppedC.shrankD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compress “压缩，压紧”；drop “推动；帮助”；shrink “收缩”；diminish “减少”。根据关键信息a childs size可知羊毛衫缩小，因此选项C符合题意。句意：由于洗涤不当，这件羊毛衫缩小成了儿童尺寸。10. 单选题The United States consists of fifty states, has its own government.问题1选项A.each of themB.they each

22、C.whichD.each of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国由50个州组成，每个州都有自己的政府。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；p

23、revalent “流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题She expressed her strong determination that nothing could her to give up her career as a teacher.问题1选项A.induceB.deduceC.reduceD.attract【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。induce “诱导，引起”；deduce “推论；推断”；reduce “减少”；attract “吸引”。Induce sb. to do sth. “诱导某人做某事”。句意：她

24、表达了自己坚定的决心，任何事都不可能诱使她放弃教师这个职业。13. 翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazard

25、ous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.14

26、. 单选题“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance to it. “I have as much ri

27、ght to my opinion as you to yours,，” and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It depends on what definition of opini

28、on you have in mind. D.For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference,

29、 a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not state their personal preferenc

30、es, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may conta

31、in elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. D.We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.1.

32、 The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that .2. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that .3. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on ones opinion .问题1选项A.personal tastes are not something to be challengedB.it is unwise to express ones likes and dislikes

33、 in publicC.it is foolish to criticize a famous brandD.one should not always agree to others opinions问题2选项A.it is a result of a lot of controversyB.it reflects public likes and dislikesC.it is based on careful thoughtD.it is stated by judges in the court问题3选项A.means that one can impose his preferenc

34、e on othersB.means that one can ignore other peoples criticismC.doesnt mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceD.doesnt mean that one has the right to do things at will【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal

35、preference, a matter of taste），因此选项A符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation），因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（We are free to act on our opinions only so long

36、as, in doing so, we do not harm others），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。15. 单选题When the British government tried to new employment legislation, there was a general strike.问题1选项A.enhanceB.reinvigorateC.attributeD.implement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance “提高”；reinvigorate “使再振兴”；attribute

37、“归属，归功于”；implement “实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题The greatest social change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nin

38、eteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. D.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further t

39、wenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and she is likely to ta

40、ke paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenient foods.This important change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic position. Even a few year ago most girls

41、 left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. B.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married

42、 women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job. B.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with bot

43、h husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.1. According the passage, the woman of today usually .2. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .3. Many girls the passage claims are no

44、w likely to .4. According to the passage, it is now quite usually for women to .5. Nowadays, a husband tends to .问题1选项A.gets married instead of getting paid workB.marries before she is twenty-fiveC.has more children under fifteenD.has fewer children问题2选项A.is younger when her children are old enough

45、to look after themselvesB.does not like children herselfC.does not need to worry about food for her childrenD.can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty问题3选项A.give up their jobs for good after they are marriedB.leave school as soon as they canC.marry so that they can get a jobD.c

46、ontinue working until they are going to have babies问题4选项A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.marry while still at school问题5选项A.share more family dutiesB.help his wife by doing most of the household workC.feel dissatisfied with his

47、 role in the familyD.take a part-time job so that he can help in the home【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Today women marry younger and have fewer children），因此选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工

48、作，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born可知选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工作（Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job），因此选项C符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Such changes have

49、led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties andsatisfactions可知选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Although the two players are in the tennis court, they are really good friends in daily life.问题1选项A.partnersB.enemiesC.rivalsD.opponents【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner “合作伙伴”；en

50、emy “敌人”；rival “竞争对手”；opponent “反对者”。句意：虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手，但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题It is reported that the government is going to impose a tax on fuels which _ global warming.问题1选项A.attribute toB.tribute toC.contribute toD.relate to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。attribute to “把归因于”；tribute to “向致敬”；contribute to “

51、有助于”；relate to “涉及，有关”。句意：据报道，由于全球变暖，政府将征收燃料税。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Our service operates 36 libraries throughout the country while six libraries specially serve the countryside.问题1选项A.shiftingB.driftingC.rotatingD.mobile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。shifting “不断移动的”；drifting “漂移的”；rotating “旋转的”；mobile “可移动的”。句意：全国有3

52、6个图书馆，有6个移动图书馆专门为农村服务。选项D符合题意。20. 翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of th

53、e world population. Asia has a huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.