2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第65期

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he sav

2、ed from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-e

3、ngaging difficulties. Short of the impossible，as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”.The mortal flaw in the advertised version

4、of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someon

5、e ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【答案】努力是关键。只有当我们坦然面对人生中的困苦，才有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足

6、取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。罗伯特弗罗斯特谈到“以苦为乐”时，应该也是这种想法。广告中宣传的幸福观的致命缺点便是它试图宣传幸福唾手可得。我们即使玩游戏也会有困难。我们之所以需要它，是因为没有困难便没有游戏可言。游戏便是让其中的乐趣没有那么容易得到。游戏的规则便是将苦难武断地强加于人。当有人破坏了这些乐趣，也意味着他总是会拒绝遵守游戏规则。下棋时，如果你随心所欲地去更改规则，这样很容易赢。但是游戏的乐趣就在于能够在遵守规则的前提下赢。如果没有困难，也就没有乐趣可言。2. 单选题Physics is the present-day equivalent of （ ）use

7、d to be palled natural philosophy, fromwhich most of the present-day science arose.问题1选项A.thatB.allC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。空格所在处的词是引导介词后的宾语从句，所以选项D符合题意。句意：物理学以前被称为是自然哲学的同等物，从中出现了如今大部分的科学。3. 翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使

8、学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hy

9、drocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molecules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the press

10、ure of food provision and employment opportunities.4. 单选题When he got promoted from an average clerk to deputy manager of the company, he felt that he had to （ ）greater responsibilities.问题1选项A.bear onB.take onC.bring onD.draw on【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Take on “承担”；bear on “影响”；bring on “呈现”； draw on “来临，鼓励

11、”。句意：当他从一个普通员工被提升到公司副经理的职位时，他感到自己不得不承担更大的责任。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly intothe sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend “攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

12、6. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好

13、的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Baltimore was founded in 1729. For a generation it seemed no different from a dozen other settlements springing up at the head of the Chesapeake Bay; its claim to distinction consisted of a black smiths shop, flour mill, and tobacco warehouse. Yet

14、 Baltimore was fated for a more dynamic future than its slow beginning seemed to portend. Spurred by an agricultural revolution in the Maryland and Pennsylvania country sides as well as dramatic disruption in the Atlantic economy, Baltimore at mid century began to boom. By 1790 it had risen to becom

15、e the new republics, fourth largest city with aspirations to overtake the three still ahead: New York, Philadelphia, and Boston.Although the Baltimore of the Jeffersonian are looked “utterly unlike the colonial village from which it had emerged, the two shared more than might be apparent at first gl

16、ance.” Baltimores economy had expanded tremendously, to be sure, but the same forces that sparked expansion around 1750 continued to sustain it fifty years later. Despite the establishment of new governments at the state level in 1776, national level in 1788, and municipal level in 1797, the same fe

17、stering issues continued to convulse its politics. If Baltimore had become richer and bigger, its occupational structure, wealth distribution and residential patterns would have withstood the pressures of growth and looked about the same in 1790 as in 1812. In other words, the frenzied and seemingly

18、 chaotic pace of urbanization, Baltimore enjoyed a strong, element of stability for in 1812, no less than 1729, Baltimore was a pre-industrial town.1.In what year was Baltimore established?2.Which of the following was not one of the nations three largest cities in 1790?3.In line 13, the word “sparke

19、d” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.What level of government was established in 1788?5.Which of the following statements about the Baltimore of 1812 can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.1729.B.1750.C.1776.D.1788.问题2选项A.Philadelphia.B.Boston.C.New York.D.Baltimore.问题3选项A.BurnedB.

20、Flickered.C.Led to.D.Discharged.问题4选项A.Municipal.B.Country.C.State.D.National.问题5选项A.It did not take the way the city did in 1790.B.It did not have many factories.C.It was not an enjoyable place in which to live.D.It could not grow any larger.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一句话指出Baltimore成立于17

21、29。选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句提到fourth largest city with aspirations to overtake the three still ahead: New York, Philadelphia, and Boston，选项D符合题意。spark所在的句子是Baltimores economy had expanded tremendously, to be sure, but the same forces that sparked expansion around 1750 continued to sustain it fifty years l

22、ater. 根据前后问，3.可推断spark 在句中有 “导致”的意思，所以选项C符合题意。4.文章第二段national level in 1788提到是在1788年建立了国家政府，选项D符合题意。5.文章指出在狂热的城市化进程中，Baltimore在十分安定的状态下度过。1812年的Baltimore和1729年一样，是个“前工业化的城镇”（In other words, the frenzied and seemingly chaotic pace of urbanization, Baltimore enjoyed a strong, element of stability for

23、in 1812, no less than 1729, Baltimore was a pre-industrial town.）。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, it

24、s unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out of yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where al

25、most half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarde

26、d by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer

27、 have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madam have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recycles - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no

28、 nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, cri

29、me, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)，broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless,

30、 it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. an

31、d theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-light people thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes

32、are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, En

33、glish-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely t

34、han yours or mines, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of

35、 entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps

36、 you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1.The author thinks that Danes adopt a attitude towards their country（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic ci

37、ted in the passage?3.The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is（ ）4.According to the passage, Danish orderliness（ ） .5.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（ ）问题1选项A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious问题2选项A.Fondness of

38、 foreign.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.问题3选项A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful问题4选项A.sets the people apart from German and SwedesB.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC.is considered economically essential to the countryD.prevents Da

39、nes from acknowledging existing troubles问题5选项A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB.Danes take for granted what is given to themC.the open system helps to tide the country overD.orderliness has alleviated unemployment【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Despite Denmarks manifes

40、t virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes， they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes.提到尽管在外人看来丹麦有着非常多的有点，但是丹麦人自己并没有引以为傲，反而他们经常会谈论自己国

41、家面积小、语言难懂等缺点，可以看出他们是非常谦虚的，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)提到在某些建筑物上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”可知部分丹麦人对外国人并不友好，选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pol

42、lution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”提到丹麦工商部印发的宣传册上宣传丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，然而作者紧接着提出丹麦街头的一些不好的现象，比如有些大楼上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”、破碎的啤酒瓶，还有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者对工商局的宣传持不同意的态度。选项A符合题意。4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麦在欧洲的未来是作为代理商、银行和产品分销商（its future in Europe will be as a brok

43、er, banker, and distributor of goods），选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to，排除选项B；由the rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone可以排除A；由the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a

44、sense of crisis可以排除选项D。所以选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”一 physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the

45、 material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for

46、 important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of m

47、usic from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-

48、cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print， but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they st

49、imulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to

50、 traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, peoples aspiration will alwa

51、ys focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking a

52、nd singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the glo

53、be.1.Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because （ ）.2.It can be learned from this passage that （ ）.3.According to the author, music notation is important because（ ）4.It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into theworld of mus

54、ic （ ）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization问题2选项A.the existence of th

55、e symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symp

56、hony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music问题3选项A.it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages peo

57、ple to popularize printed versions of songs问题4选项A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computesC.has given rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments问题5选项A.Musical instruments develope

58、d through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.【答案】第1题:C第2

59、题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life提到研究文化相关的工具和技术是为了了解一个国家的历史和生活方式，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on

60、 the symphony orchestra 提到了交响乐团的发展，交响乐是由近东传播到欧洲的，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole提及阅读乐谱对音乐家产生了深远的影响，并且对音乐文化也有很大的影响，选项A的描述与之相近，因此符合题意。4.文章最后一段the influence of the electron

61、ic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments 提到了电子媒体的内容，由此可知就像工业文明导致社会结构变化一样，这些电子媒体会导致一些新的音乐形式出现，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要提到了音乐的物质文明，比如乐器、乐谱等来讲述音乐文明的发展历程，提到音乐文明的发展离不开物质文明的发展，选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Despite their good service,

62、 most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Many of the inventions that made people （ ）and have determined the inventions

63、 of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.问题1选项A.abundantB.affluentC.sufficientD.pleasant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；affluent “富裕的，丰富的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；pleasant “令人愉快的，舒适的”。句意：那些使人们富裕并且决定了美国工业创新的大多数发明都与农业和食物生产相关。空格处所填的单词是作people的补足语，所以选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they（ ） to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨