2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷6（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The British psychoanalyst John Bowl by maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion

2、from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair

3、between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it.Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widesprea

4、d today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicatedand controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies

5、 of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility t

6、hat early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children un

7、der three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-c

8、ut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.The phrase “predispose to” (Para. 1, line 2) most probably means（ ）.2.According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that（ ）.3.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that（ ）.4.The wri

9、ter concludes that（ ）.问题1选项A.lead toB.dispose toC.get intoD.tend to suffer问题2选项A.childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B.early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C.children will be exposed to many negative effects fr

10、om early day care later on.D.some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.问题3选项A.traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B.Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C.A child did not live together

11、with his parents among the Ngoni.D.Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents问题4选项A.it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery schoolB.it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for childrenC.it is not beneficial for ch

12、ildren to be sent to nursery schoolD.it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由第一段may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. 可能对孩子的个性造成创伤，并且孩子在往后的生活容易出现情感问题。由and前面的“可能对孩子的个性造成创伤”可知and后面的内容性质与其一致，都是说的

13、孩子过早的与父母分离会造成的问题。lead to导致；dispose to处置；get into进入，陷入；tend to suffer容易遭受。故只有D项符合句意。第2题:细节事实题。由“But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explore

14、d by the use of statistics. 但是，鲍尔比的分析提出了一种可能性，即早期日托有延迟效应。这种治疗可能会在15年或20年后导致更多的精神疾病或犯罪，这种可能性只能通过统计数据来探索。”可知C项正确，答案C。第3题:判断推理题。定位到第二段第一句“anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. 人类学家

15、指出，在现代社会中发现的孩子与父母之间绝缘的爱情，在传统社会中通常不存在。”及“For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. 例如，我们早些时候看到，在Ngoni族中，孩子的父亲和母亲并不是独自抚养他们的孩子远非如此。”可推知“传统社会在早年将小孩和父母分开”是第二段中暗示但却没有阐明的。故答案选A第4题:判断推理题。“At the age of three or three and a

16、half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. 在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都发现过渡到托儿所很容易，这无疑是为什么越来越多的父母在这个时候把孩子送到托儿所的原因。”可知作者认为三岁以上的孩子上幼儿园是合理的。答案选D2. 单选题No longer are contributions to computer technology confi

17、ned to any one country; （ ）is this more true than in Europe.问题1选项A.hardlyB.littleC.seldomD.nowhere【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。hardly “几乎不”；little “完全不”；seldom “很少”； nowhere “无处，任何地方”；句意：对电脑技术的贡献不再局限于某个国家，没有比在欧洲更能证明这一事实了。nowhere引导的是一个倒装句。This is no more. than. 没有比更，此句表明欧洲最能证明这一事实。D项符合句意，答案D3. 单选题Thousands of（ ）a

18、t the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.问题1选项A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。audience听众； participant参与者； spectator观众，看客； observer观察者。句意：体育场内成千上万的观众起立，向这场出色的表演致敬。此句语境为去体育场观看表演，所以主体为观众。答案C4. 单选题Anyone not paying the registration fee

19、by the end of this month will be （ ）to have withdrawn from the program.问题1选项A.contemplatedB.deemedC.acknowledgedD.anticipated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析题。contemplate “沉思，注视”；deem “认为，视作”；acknowledge “承认”；anticipate “预期，期望”；句意：到本月底还没有交纳注册费的人将被视为已取消该课程。B项符合句意，答案B5. 单选题Very few experts have （ ）with complete new an

20、swers to the worlds economic problems.问题1选项A.come toB.come aroundC.come upD.come on【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come to 想起； come around苏醒，恢复知觉；came up with提出，想出；come on 开始，加油。句意：极少数的专家想出了对这个世界经济问题的新答案。只有C项能和with搭配，come up with提出，想出。答案C6. 单选题Alone in the deserted house, he was so busy with his research work tha

21、t he felt（ ） lonely.问题1选项A.nothing butB.anything butC.all butD.everything but【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 nothing but只有，只不过； anything but根本不，决不；all but几乎，差不多。句意：虽然他独自待在一个荒芜的房子里，但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一点也不感到孤独。由“he was so busy with his research work”可知，他忙于研究，一点也不觉得孤独。答案B7. 翻译题There are 2 short passages in this part. Pass

22、age A is for you to translate from English to Chinese and passage B is from Chinese to English.Passage ACustom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is b

23、ehavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how abnormal. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of t

24、he matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pure eyes. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind certain stereotypes. John Dewey has said t

25、hat the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of the mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk.Passage B教育的主要目标之一就是给未来的公民准备好他们在成人社会占有一席之地所需要的一切。当今的成人社会由男

26、人和女人组成，所以男女分开的学校怎么可能为他们的 将来做好恰当的准备呢？男女同校的教育给孩子提供的完全是现实社会的真实缩影。男 孩女孩都有机会互相了解，有机会学着从小在一起生活。在这里，他们可以在学习能力、 体育运动成绩和许多课外活动方面进行相互比较，这些都是学校生活的一部分。【答案】风俗一般不被认为是什么重要的课题。我们认为我们大脑的内部活动特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最平常的行为而已。但事实恰恰相反。全世界的风俗习惯是很多具体行为的集合，这些具体行为不管有多不正常，也比任何个体行为令人惊讶。这只是问题的次要方面。最重要的是，风俗习惯在人们的经验及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及

27、它所体现的多样性。没有人能以纯净的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲学探索中，他也没有彻底抛弃成见。约翰杜威曾经说过，风俗对于个体行为的塑造之于个体对风俗的影响，正如一个人的母语词汇与他的咿呀学语一样。A major goal of education is to prepare everything they need for future citizens to their place in adult society. Todays adult community is composed of men and women, so, how can schools separate men and w

28、omen to make appropriate preparations for their future? What co-educational education provided to children is completely true microcosm of the real world. They have the opportunity to have mutual understanding and learn to live together. Here, they can compare with each other in learning abilities,

29、sports performance and many extra-curricular activities and all of these are parts of school life.8. 单选题Technology has（ ）the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.问题1选项A.formulatedB.furnishedC.functionedD.facilitated

30、【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。formulated 构想出，用公式表示；furnished供应，装备； functioned运行，行使职责； facilitated 促进，帮助。句意：科技促进了信息的分享和存储以及信息的传递，进而使得更多的信息为更多人所用。D项符合句意，答案D。9. 单选题Now that spring is here, you can （ ）these fur coats till you need them again next winter.问题1选项A.put overB.put awayC.put offD.put down【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。pu

31、t over “推迟，驶过”；put away “放好，把收好”；put off “推迟，拖延”；put down “放下，记下”。 句意：春天来了，你可以把这些皮外套给收起来，直到来年冬天再拿出来。B项符合句意。答案B10. 单选题Some people either（ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。violently “激烈地，猛烈地” ；en

32、thusiastically “热心地，满腔热情地” ；sincerely“真诚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避开是非的问题就是保持中立。eitheror要么要么，表示并列关系，故答案D11. 单选题Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has （ ）the quality of the program.问题1选项A.lessenedB.declinedC.affectedD.effected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。 lessen “使变小”；decline

33、 “下降，衰落”；affect“影响，感染”； effect “发生，引起”。句意：评论家们认为，铺天盖地的电视广告已经影响了节目的质量。 根据句意可知C项正确，答案C12. 单选题An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a （1）education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is（2） 一 required by law. It is not simply to（3） everyones job p

34、rospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not

35、always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（4） it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（5） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimistic characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is（

36、6） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （7） this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook.（8） on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（9） the job prospects of gradu

37、ates over their educational （10）.问题1选项A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题2选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题3选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题4选项A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent问题5选项A.inB.atC.byD.with问题6选项A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able问题7选项A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell问题

38、8选项A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking问题9选项A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge问题10选项A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查形容词辨析。由空前的“aims at getting a student a certain kind of job”知 C项正确。 informal 非正式的； basic 基本的； technic

39、al技术的；expensive昂贵的。答案选C第2题:考查副词辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有规律地。 此处意为普及教育，故答案选B第3题:考查动词辨析。form形成；consist由 组成； arise出现；raise提高。 此处意为提升得到工作的机会（提升工作前景）答案选D第4题:考查名词辨析。 由attend school可知此处指“到了一定的上学年龄”。答案选B第5题:考查固定搭配。 by nature 天生地，生性，答案选C第6题:考查固定搭配。responsible负责的；suitable合适

40、的。此处意为：适合教育。 be fit to 适应，适合。 答案选A第7题:考查动词辨析。 consider认为，考虑；forget忘记；forsake放弃，断念；foretell预言，预示。由 “for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. 用与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观情绪来替代。”可知此处指代放弃了乐观的想法，故C项正确。第8题:考查固定搭配。bank on “依靠；依赖”知B项正确。第9题:考查动词辨析。由上文可知计算机支持者放弃了乐观的想法及the job prospects of graduates over可

41、知计算机支持者重视就业，emphasizeover 更重视。答案选A第10题:考查名词辨析。academy学院； position位置，职位； degree程度，等级； achievement成就。对比可知 D项符合句意。句意：计算机教育倡导者重视就业前景而非教育成就。答案选D。13. 单选题The morning news says a school bus（ ）with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.问题1选项A.crashedB.collidedC.bumpedD.

42、struck【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。crash “坠毁、撞坏”；collide “碰撞、抵触、冲突”， 常与with搭配；bump “碰撞、撞击”，常与into连用；strike “打击、罢工、猛击”。句意：据新闻报道，一辆校车在交叉路口与一列火车相撞，警察立即抵达事故现场。B项能与with搭配，故答案B14. 单选题I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap （ ）me.问题1选项A.revivedB.releasedC.relievedD.recovered【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。r

43、evive使恢复体力（或精力、活力等）；release释放，发布； relieve缓解，减轻； recover恢复健康。 句意：我下班回家的时候非常累，但睡了半小时后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句为转折关系，前半句提到“非常疲劳”，后半句句意应与之相反，再从“a half hour nap”可推知睡半小时后恢复了体力。故A项正确。答案A15. 单选题This document is （ ）unless it is officially stamped.问题1选项A.invalidB.acuteC.deliberateD.confidential【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。 invali

44、d “无效的”；acute “严重的”；deliberate “故意的”； confidential “机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless 这个条件可知A项正确。16. 写作题People all over the world spend time surfing the Internet. Sometimes, surfing the Internet has replaced more active pastimes such as sports or visiting with friends.Write a composition of

45、 no less than 250 words and discuss, whether life on Internet has had a good or bad effect on peoples daily life.Your composition should be based on the following outline:.Good effect.Bad effect.Conclusion. 【答案】The Internet and Its Effects on Peoples Daily LifeThroughout the 20thcentury, as one of t

46、he most advanced innovations ill the area of information technology, Internet has exerted an extremely important influence on peoples production and social activities. In recent years, were witnessed a rapid growth in the popularity of Internet and we may say, we have already entered the Internet er

47、a. Whether, however, life on Internet has a good or bad effect on peoples daily life? Admittedly, there are both advantages and disadvantages.Definitely, its convenience and practicality are of great significance for us. Firstly, it is Internet that makes it possible for people to adapt to the rapid

48、 development of high-tech society and to be provided with the availability of knowledge and information from all over the world. With its richness of information, the Internet provided us with chances to know about the world and to expand our horizon without leaving home. In addition, the internet c

49、onnects the computers around the world, and people can talk with and see each other easily and cheaply, even across the ocean. Moreover, many hospitals and train stations have opened their own ticket booking systems to reduce the length of the queue before their owns to reduce.However, Internet is a

50、lso like a double-edged sword. At first, in the spare time, People prefer to surf the Internet all the day rather than do some outdoor activities with their friends, such as having a picnic or playing football. It may be a dangerous signal that less communication in actual life is bringing about col

51、dness of interpersonal relationships. Besides, there are some bad guys who may take advantage of the internet to do something bad, such as spreading porn materials to the children, abducting naive girls through online chatting rooms, and making school age boys addict to the online games.In conclusio

52、n, Internet is the trend in our daily life. We can benefit most from it only if we take good advantages of Internet and try to be careful enough to keep the potential bad effects away. 17. 单选题In late autumn swallows fly south to much warmer lands, where they can find plenty of the small flying insec

53、ts on which they（ ）.问题1选项A.are fedB.eatC.relyD.feed【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。feed on“以为食”，燕子以飞虫为食，两者之间是主动的关系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋时节，小燕子向南飞向更暖和的地方，在那里它们能找到许多可以当作食物的小飞虫。答案D18. 单选题They have considered their high standard of living a (n) （ ）for practicing their basic beliefs.问题1选项A.awardB.rewardC.resultD.consequence【答案】B【

54、解析】考查名词辨析。award 奖，奖品；reward 回报，奖赏，常与for搭配；result结果； consequence后果。句意：他们认为自己的高生活水准是对他们践行基本信仰的一种回报。由空格前后部分的句意可知B项符合题意。答案B19. 单选题Much （ ）I liked Jane, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me.问题1选项A.whileB.asC.sinceD.for【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。 while 虽然； as同样；much as表示虽然，即使；since 既然； for 为了。句意

55、：尽管我喜欢Jane, 但我讨厌她有时跟我说话高傲的语气。由like 和hated可知，这是一种转折关系，故答案B20. 单选题The Governments policies will come under close （ ）in the weeks before the election.问题1选项A.appreciationB.scrutinyC.specificationD.apprehension【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation “欣赏，感谢”； scrutiny “审查，细看”；specification“规格，说明书”； apprehension“理解”。句意：选举前的几周，政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Governments policies及close “严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B