2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第199期

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The first part of this paper is the _ review.问题1选项A.literatureB.fieldC.studyD.phenomenon【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项literature“文学，文学作品（literature review 文献综述）”；B选项field“田，地，牧场”；C选项study“学习，研究”；D选项phenomenon“现象”。句意：本文的第一部分是_。根据语境，这里的paper指的是论文，结合词组literature review，A

2、选项literature符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题I certainly didnt intend to _ your plans.问题1选项A.upsetB.shakeC.shaveD.drag【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。句意：我当然不想_你的计划。根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题It was a wonderful play with a _ of over fifty a

3、ctors and actresses.问题1选项A.listB.groupC.bunchD.herd【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项a list of“一系列”；B选项a group of“一群（人）”；C选项a bunch of“一束；一堆”；D选项a herd of“一群（牛、鹿等）”。句意：这是一出精彩的话剧，由_超过五十名男女演员参演。根据语境，这里指的是一群人参演了话剧，B选项a group of“一群（人）”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题His _ has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a s

4、cientific researcher.问题1选项A.stateB.statusC.stationD.statue【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项state“情形，状态”；B选项status“社会地位；（进展的）状况，情形”；C选项station“（旧时）（正式）社会地位；站，所”；D选项statue“雕像”。句意：他的_改变了，但仍保持着科研人员的优良品质。根据语境，这里指他的外在的社会地位变了，但内在品质没有改变，加上这是非常生活化的一句话，可知B选项status“社会地位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题There are two factors which d

5、etermine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.

6、So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environm

7、ent in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the casehistory of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were

8、placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be

9、 stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal

10、 opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1. This selection can best be titled _.2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _.3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _.4. The case history of the twins appears to suppo

11、rt the conclusion that _.5. This passage suggests that an individuals I.Q. _.问题1选项A.the Case of Peter and MarkB.How the brain influences IntelligenceC.Measuring Your IntelligenceD.Intelligence and Environment问题2选项A.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceB.persons having identica

12、l brains will have roughly the same intelligenceC.human brains differ considerablyD.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence问题3选项A.110B.125C.85D.100问题4选项A.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceB.changes of environment produce changes in the structur

13、e of the brainC.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelD.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his environment问题5选项A.can be increased by educationB.is determined by his childhoodC.can be predicted at birthD.stays the same throughout his life【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:

14、A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第四句But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。），文章第一段提出天生的大脑和成长的环境决定智力高低，并且后天环境的影响比天生的因素更重要，随后在第二段举出彼得和马克的案例来证明天生大脑一样，后天环境对智力有很大影响，文

15、章表达的重点在于环境对智力的影响，D选项“智力与环境”正确。A选项“彼得和马克的案例”：不足以概括全文。B选项“大脑如何影响智力”和C选项“测量你的智力”：文中没有具体提到。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就

16、会很低。），可知相比于天生的大脑，环境对个人智力影响更大，A选项“环境在决定个人智力方面至关重要”正确，B选项“有相同大脑的人有大致相同的智力”和D选项“大脑天生的因素在决定他的智力方面很重要”错误。C选项“人类的大脑差别很大”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.（马克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分

17、，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。），可知平均智商是100，D选项“100”正确。A选项“110”，B选项“125”和C选项“85”错误。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章最后一句Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.（如果机会均等，拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平大致相同。），结合双胞胎因为环境不同而智力不同的案例，可知机会的多和少影响他们各自的智力，A选项“缺乏机会阻碍智力的增长”正确。B选

18、项“环境的变化产生大脑结构的变化”：文中没有讲到环境对大脑结构的具体改变。C选项“具有相同大脑的个体很少在相同水平上测试”：文中只讲了一个案例，不足以得出此结论。D选项“一个人的智力只由他所处的环境决定”：文中还提到天生的大脑影响智力。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.（这种环境

19、差异一直持续到双胞胎十八九岁的时候，那时他们接受了测试，以衡量他们的智力。），这种环境差异指的是受教育的机会和程度，可知教育可以提高智力，A选项“可以通过教育提高”正确。B选项“由童年决定”：这里两个双胞胎童年的差距就是教育，A选项更符合题意，而且教育可以在除了童年以外的时期进行。C选项“可以在出生时预测”和D选项“一生保持不变”：环境中教育的因素会影响智力，所以智力会因为教育而改变。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 200

20、9, theyll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equal to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made

21、top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel (人员) tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American sch

22、ools dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, t

23、he boards chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donation

24、s. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an

25、 increasingly necessary ability among administrators (管理人员), and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancell

26、or, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position”.Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience o

27、f some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective (视角) on established practices.1. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?2. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring to

28、p-level administrators?3. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?4. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _.5. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?问题1选项A.Institution worldwide a

29、re hiring administrators from the US.B.A lot of activists are being hired as administrators.C.American universities are enrolling more international students.D.University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.问题2选项A.The political correctness.B.Their ability to raise funds.C.Their f

30、ame in academic circles.D.Their administrative experience.问题3选项A.The tuitions (学费) they charge have been rising considerably.B.Their operation is under strict government control.C.They are strengthening their position by globalization.D.Most of their money comes from the government.问题4选项A.she was kn

31、own to be good at raising moneyB.she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC.she knew how to attract students overseasD.she had boosted Yales academic status问题5选项A.They can enhance the universitys image.B.They will bring with them more international faculty.C.They will view a lot of things from a

32、new perspective.D.They can set up new academic disciplines.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段倒数一、二句Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.（然而，人才流动并非是世界性的。高层管理人员的流动只倾向于一个方向：从美国向外。），可知当前高等教育倾向于从美国招聘管理人员

33、，A选项“世界各地的机构都在从美国招聘管理人员”正确。B选项“许多积极分子被聘为管理员”，C选项“美国大学正在扩招国际学生”和D选项“大学校长更加注重筹款”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-r

34、aising.（董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，因为他很可能在现代大学校长的主要任务上做得很好：筹资。），可知美国大学在招聘高级管理人员时主要考虑筹资方面的能力，B选项“他们筹集资金的能力”正确；A选项“政治正确性”和C选项“他们在学术界的名声”不是主要考虑的内容。D选项“他们的管理经验”：根据第三段最后一句The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.（筹集资金的能力很大程度上是经验和需要的产物。），可知要求的是筹资方面的经验，而非管理经验。因此B选项正确。

35、3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding.（与此同时，许多欧洲大学仍主要依赖政府资助。），可知D选项“它们的大部分资金来自政府”正确。A选项“学费一直在上涨”，B选项“其运作受到政府的严格控制”和C选项“它们正在通过全球化加强他们的地位”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句In 2003, when Cambridge University appoi

36、nted Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position”.（2003年，剑桥大学任命另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾莉森理查德为副校长。剑桥大学公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她对“耶鲁大学的财务状况起到了重要的监督作用”。），可知艾莉森理查德成为副校长的主要原因是在

37、筹资方面做出的贡献，A选项“她很擅长筹款”正确；没有提到艾莉森理查德让剑桥大学和耶鲁大学的联系加强，B选项“她可以帮助加强与耶鲁大学的联系”错误。C选项“她知道如何吸引海外学生”和D选项“她提高了耶鲁大学的学术地位”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.（外国人可以为现有做法提供新的视角。），可知C选项“他们会从一个新的角度来看待很多事情。”正确。B选项“他们会吸引来更多的国际教员”：根据文章倒数第二句The g

38、lobalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.（教育的全球化意味着，更多的大学将寻求具有某种国际经验的领导，以促进国际项目和吸引全球学生群体。），可知吸引的是国外的学生而非教员。A选项“他们可以提升大学的形象”和D选项“他们可以建立新的学科”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。7.

39、单选题There are _ approaches to English teaching Hut not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.问题1选项A.originateB.diverseC.doubleD.joint【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法_，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知

40、有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Your _ in teaching is different from mine.问题1选项A.altitudeB.approachC.fuelD.lump【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项altitude“海拔高度”；B选项approach“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度”；C选项fuel“燃料”；D选项lump“（通常为无定形的）块”。句意：你的_和我的不同。根据语境，这里指的是两人在某方面不同，B选项approach“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度”符合题意。因此B

41、选项正确。9. 单选题The end _ the means. This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good.问题1选项A.modifiesB.justifiesC.purifiesD.testifies【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modifies“稍作修改，使更适合；修饰”；B选项justifies“证明有理”；C选项purifies“净化”；D选项testifies“（在法庭上）作证；证实”。

42、句意：结果_方法。这句话的意思是，如果行为的结果或目的是好的，即使方法错误或不公平也可以被允许。根据语境，这里指的是结果会证明方法的合理性，B选项justifies“证明有理”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题He _ to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.问题1选项A.apologizedB.dissolvedC.worriedD.doubted【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项apologized“道歉”；B选项dissolved“溶解；解散（(组织或机构)”；C选项worried“担心”；D选项doubted“怀疑”

43、。句意：他昨天太粗鲁了，所以向室友_。根据语境，因为粗鲁而道歉比较合理，A选项apologized“道歉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 翻译题This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman! Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same

44、 educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. (1) They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societ

45、ies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. (2) The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over.On the surface, the comments made by men about womens abilities seem light-hea

46、rted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. (3) We all know that women cause far

47、fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs (疯子). But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors

48、, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.(4) Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women cant do. Top-level politic

49、al negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights”. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women havent even been given the cote.The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basi

50、c inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. (5) You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit roun

51、d the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries.【答案】1. 她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于男性。2. 这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。3. 众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。4. 然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。5. 可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往

52、常一样取得辉煌的成功。12. 单选题I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.问题1选项A.your delaying to makeB.you delay to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，delay doing sth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项your delaying making符合题

53、意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题Everybody _ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.问题1选项A.assembledB.accumulatedC.piledD.joined【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项assemble“集合”；B选项accumulated“积累”；C选项piled“拥挤”；D选项joined“加入”。句意：大家都_在大厅，接受秘书的欢迎。根据语境，这里指大家有序地聚集在大厅，A选项assemble“集合”符合题意。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题The old

54、 man was kind and _ enough to help the children cross the street.问题1选项A.timidB.livelyC.graciousD.graceful【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项timid“羞怯的”；B选项lively“活泼的；充满趣味的，热烈的”；C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”；D选项graceful“优雅的”。句意：这位老人非常友好和_，还帮助孩子们过马路。根据语境，这里C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”形容老人比较合理，意思指老人热心帮助孩子们，非常和蔼可亲。因此C选项正确。1

55、5. 单选题I think I was at school, _ was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项or else“要不然”；B选项and then“然后；其次”；C选项or so“大约”；D选项even so“即使如此”。句意：当我听到这个消息时，我想我是在学校，_是在和一个朋友度假。根据语境，这里指的是要么在学校，要么在度假，A选项or else“要不然”符合题

56、意。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题You will see this product _ wherever you go.问题1选项A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告

57、是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形；B选项advertising是现在分词形式；C选项to be advertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。17. 单选题If you play with electricity, you may get an electric _.问题1选项A.strikeB.beatC.shockD.knock【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strike“击，打，踢；打击”；B选项beat“有规律的敲击（声）；（音乐、诗歌等的）节拍”；C选项shock“电击”，electric shoc

58、k；D选项knock“敲，击；（常为无意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄电，就可能会_。根据语境，这里指被电打到，C选项shock“电击”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.问题1选项A.must makeB.should have madeC.would makeD.could have made【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有些妇女本可以

59、在工作中获得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她们为了家庭而决定不工作。must do“必须做某事”；should have done“过去本应该做某事却未做”；would do“过去将会做某事”；could have done“过去本能够做某事却未做”。根据语境，这里指的是过去本可以工作却没有去工作，D选项could have made符合题意。因此D选项正确。19. 单选题During these ten years, many new methods have been _ in the field of foreign language teaching.问题1选项A.adoptedB.adapt

60、edC.alarmedD.aided【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adopted“采用”；B选项adapted“使适合（新用途、新情况）；适应（新情况）”；C选项alarmed“使惊恐；给（门等）安装警报器”；D选项aided“帮助”。句意：在这十年中，外语教学领域_许多新的方法。根据语境，这里指的是提出许多在外语教学领域上的新方法，A选项adopted“采用”符合题意。因此A选项正确。20. 单选题Nobody likes taxes.Now thats a fairly safe statement to make. I know I dont. One of the

61、reasons I moved back to the US from Canada, is that Americans pay far fewer taxes than Canadians do. In fact, it seems to be part of the American dream to avoid paying any taxes. We dont want to pay them on the Internet. Many states dont want their citizens to pay state taxes. And a huge federal inc

62、ome tax cut was just pushed through.And no doubt there are still people who think we pay too many taxes. But the people of Braintree, Massachusetts, might be thinking differently. Braintree has a problem. Not once in the past two decades did the town pass resolutions that ignored Proposition 2.5the law that says the town government cannot raise each years tax levy more than 2.5 percent above the previous y