推荐Translationofidioms英语习语翻译

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1、1Chapter FifteenTranslation of Idioms2Idiom Definition An idiom is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made. 3Idiom Feature C

2、ulturally relative: An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphora term requiring some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture, where conversational parties must possess common cultural references. Therefore, idioms are not considered part of the language, but

3、part of the culture. 4Idiom An idiom is an expression not readily analyzable from its grammatical construction or from the meaning of its component parts. It is the part of the distinctive form or construction of a particular language that has a specific form or style present only in that language.

4、(New International Websters Collegiate Dictionary ) An idiom is an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual grammatical rules of a language or from the usual meanings of its constituent elements. (Random House Websters College Dictionary )5Translation of idiom Foreignizing translat

5、ion: retaining the cultural flavors of the SL enables the reader to have an alien reading experience developing the readers awareness of cultural difference Domesticating translation: minimizes the foreignness of the SL text by changing the heterogeneous elements into what is familiar to the TL text

6、6 异化：主张直译原文的语言形式（即便异化：主张直译原文的语言形式（即便这种语言形式不完全切合译语习惯），这种语言形式不完全切合译语习惯），保留构成原语言的文化因子（主要是形保留构成原语言的文化因子（主要是形象）。象）。 归化：主张以纯熟地道的译语和相关联归化：主张以纯熟地道的译语和相关联的文化因子进行翻译。的文化因子进行翻译。7Translation of idiom (C-E) Foreignizing translation 剖腹藏珠剖腹藏珠 出自出自资治通鉴资治通鉴唐纪唐纪太宗贞观元年太宗贞观元年：“吾闻西域贾胡得美珠，剖身以藏之，有诸？吾闻西域贾胡得美珠，剖身以藏之，有诸？” rip

7、 open the stomach and hide a pearlsacrifice life for money 你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好？明儿再送来。你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好？明儿再送来。就就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这“剖腹藏珠剖腹藏珠”的的脾气来！（脾气来！（红楼梦红楼梦） 译文：译文：Wouldnt that be better? You can send it back later. And even if want to “cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”?8 明枪易躲，暗箭难防明枪易躲，暗箭难

8、防译文：译文：It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding. 城门失火，殃及池鱼城门失火，殃及池鱼译文：译文：A fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat. 路遥知马力，日久见人心路遥知马力，日久见人心译文：译文：As a long road tests a horses strength, so a long task proves a persons heart.9 初生牛犊不怕

9、虎初生牛犊不怕虎译文：译文：New-born calves make little of tigers. 口蜜腹剑口蜜腹剑译文：译文：to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 声东击西声东击西译文：译文：to shout in the east and strike in the west 望梅止渴望梅止渴译文：译文：quench ones thirsty by thinking of plums 画饼充饥画饼充饥译文：译文：to draw cakes to allay hunger10 刻骨铭心刻骨铭心译文：译文：to be engraved on one

10、s heart and bones 引狼入室引狼入室译文：译文：to lead a wolf into the house 重见天日重见天日译文：译文：to see the daylight again 百川归海百川归海译文：译文：All rivers flow into the sea.11 所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏梁锦所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏梁锦绣之中，竟如绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰槁木死灰”一般，一概一般，一概不问，不问，（红楼梦红楼梦） 译文：译文：So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off

11、 than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside world.12 他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？他跑？跑得了和尚跑不了庙跑得了和尚跑不了庙。（周立波：。（周立波：暴风骤雨暴风骤雨）译文：译文：Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him. 咳！这一来，咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空竹篮子打水一场空了。了

12、。（梁斌：（梁斌：红旗谱红旗谱 ）译文：译文：Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.13Foreignizing translation or domesticating translation? 一个汉语的习语，有其含义大致相近的一个汉语的习语，有其含义大致相近的英语习语，顺手牵羊，便可作归化英译英语习语，顺手牵羊，便可作归化英译;反之，若做直译，保留其文化因素，作反之，若做直译，保留其文化因素，作异化处理，也未尝不可。何去何从，令异化处理，也未尝不可。何去何从，令人犹豫。人犹豫。14竭泽而渔竭泽而渔: to drain a pond to

13、 catch all the fish（异化）（异化） kill the goose that lays the golden eggs （归化）（归化）打草惊蛇打草惊蛇: to stir up the grass and alert the snake（异化）（异化） wake up a sleeping dog (归化归化)易如反掌易如反掌: to be as easy as turning over ones hand（异化）（异化） as easy as falling off a log（归化）（归化）15雪中送炭：雪中送炭： to send charcoal in snowy we

14、ather（异化）（异化） to help a lame dog over a stile（归化）（归化）守口如瓶：守口如瓶： to keep ones mouth closed like a bottle（异化）（异化） to keep a still tongue in ones head（归化）（归化） 掌上明珠掌上明珠: a pearl in the palm (异化异化) the apple of ones eye (归化归化)16小结小结 归化？异化？其实质是直译与意译，是形式与归化？异化？其实质是直译与意译，是形式与内容的矛盾。内容的矛盾。 “Not only the equiv

15、alence content of message, but, in so far as possible, an equivalence of the form.” (Nida) Nida提出了改变形式的五个条件。不合乎五个提出了改变形式的五个条件。不合乎五个条件，就不能随意更改；必须保持形式的一致，条件，就不能随意更改；必须保持形式的一致，也就是采取直译的方法。也就是采取直译的方法。 “Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to free translation.” （陆殿扬）（陆殿扬）17 Nida 认为，只有在一定条件下，才可以改认为

16、，只有在一定条件下，才可以改变形式。为此，他提出了改变形式的五个变形式。为此，他提出了改变形式的五个条件：条件： 1.直译会导致意义上的错误时；直译会导致意义上的错误时； 2.引入外来语形成语义空白引入外来语形成语义空白(Semantic Zero)，读者有可能自己填入错误意义时；读者有可能自己填入错误意义时； 3.形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时；形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时； 4.形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时；形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时； 5.形式对等违反译入语的语法或文体规范时。形式对等违反译入语的语法或文体规范时。18 “直译基础上的意译直译基础上的意译”翻译的指导思翻译的指

17、导思想想 语言是文化的载体。翻译若仅仅传达信语言是文化的载体。翻译若仅仅传达信息了事，那将铸就缺憾。息了事，那将铸就缺憾。19Domesticating translation 眉飞色舞：眉飞色舞：译文：译文：his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing.改译：改译：to beam with joy 粗枝大叶粗枝大叶译文：译文：with big branches and large leaves改译：改译：to be crude and careless 灯红酒绿灯红酒绿译文：译文：with red lights and gree

18、n wine改译：改译：dissipated and luxurious 纸醉金迷：纸醉金迷：译文：译文：with drunken paper and bewitched gold改译：改译：(a life of )luxury and dissipation20 扬眉吐气扬眉吐气译文：译文：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath改译：改译：to feel proud and elated 开门见山开门见山译文：译文：to open the door and see the mountain改译：改译：to come straight to the

19、 point 风雨飘摇：风雨飘摇：译文：译文：the wind and rain are rocking改译：改译：(of a situation) being unstable21Foreignizing translation ?Domesticating translation? 有鲜明文化色彩的习语（衍生于某个历史故事有鲜明文化色彩的习语（衍生于某个历史故事或人物掌故）或人物掌故） 叶公好龙叶公好龙译文：译文：professed love of what one really fears 南柯一梦南柯一梦译文：译文：a fond dream or illusory joy/ fond

20、dream 四面楚歌四面楚歌译文：译文：to be besieged on all sides 悬梁刺股悬梁刺股译文：译文：to be extremely hard-working in ones study22 初出茅庐初出茅庐译文：译文：at the beginning of ones career 罄竹难书罄竹难书译文：译文：(of crimes) too numerous to mention 失之东隅，收之桑榆失之东隅，收之桑榆译文：译文：What one loses on the swings, one gets back on the roundabouts. 塞翁失马，安知非福

21、？塞翁失马，安知非福？译文：译文：A loss may turn out to be a gain.23 Comparative study on the cultural difference 胆小如鼠胆小如鼠: as timid as a rabbit 如鱼得水如鱼得水: like a duck to water 多如牛毛多如牛毛: as plentiful as blackberries 一箭之遥一箭之遥: at a stones throw 水中捞月水中捞月: to fish in the air 半瓶子醋半瓶子醋: half-baked 蠢得像猪蠢得像猪: as stupid as

22、a goose24 害群之马：害群之马：black sheep 挥金如土：挥金如土：to spend money like water 烂醉如泥：烂醉如泥：drunk as a sailor 热锅上的蚂蚁：热锅上的蚂蚁：like a cat on a hot tin roof 瘦得像猴子：瘦得像猴子：as thin as a shadow 如履薄冰：如履薄冰：to tread upon eggs 棋逢敌手：棋逢敌手：diamond cut diamond 挂羊头卖狗肉：挂羊头卖狗肉：cry up wine and sell vinegar25Exercise 1.但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石

23、出。但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。2.青黄不接的季节青黄不接的季节3.后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包办婚姻，不能怪她。办婚姻，不能怪她。4.木已成舟，也只好如此了。木已成舟，也只好如此了。5. 她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头附和道头附和道6.她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说7.他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。268. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。9. 夫妻无隔夜之仇。夫妻无隔夜之仇。10. 送君千里，终有一别。送君千里

24、，终有一别。11.薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。12.不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？13. 人怕出名猪怕壮。人怕出名猪怕壮。14. 最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。15. 人勤地不懒，这话真不假。人勤地不懒，这话真不假。271.但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。译文：译文：However, facts speak louder than eloquence and the truth will prev

25、ail in the end.2.青黄不接的季节青黄不接的季节译文：译文：In spring when one crop was eaten and the next still green./ When the crop is still in the blade and the old stock is consumed./ Before the green corn grows and after the white crop is consumed.3.后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包办婚姻，后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包办婚姻，不能怪她。不能怪她。译文：译文：Aft

26、er she was married they still kept it up. The arranged marriage was the cause of this; she cant be blamed.284.木已成舟，也只好如此了。木已成舟，也只好如此了。译文：译文：Whats done is done, and cant be undone.5. 她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头附和道附和道译文：译文：Feeling that her husband had been right to say this and had touc

27、hed him on the raw, she nodded and backed him up6.她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说译文：译文：This only added fuel to the flames of her anger and she said at once 7.他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。译文：译文：He knew everything about the township like the back of his hand.298. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。译文：译文：If you wan

28、t to kill a snake, you must first hit it on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.9. 夫妻无隔夜之仇。夫妻无隔夜之仇。译文：译文：Enmity between husband and wife doesnt last the night. 10. 送君千里，终有一别。送君千里，终有一别。译文：译文：Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must t

29、he parting come at last.11.薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。译文译文:Xue Pan enrolled as a student. But he was like the fisherman who fishes for three days and then suns his net for two.3012.不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？译文：译文：Had it not been for the influence of devils, how would a

30、 decent fellow like him have taken to smoking opium? 13. 人怕出名猪怕壮。人怕出名猪怕壮。译文：译文：Fame is as fatal to men as fattening to pigs.14. 最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。译文：译文：Whats most important, she isnt one of those well-born young ladies whove been pampered and spoiled all their lives.15. 人勤地不懒，这话真不假。人勤地不懒，这话真不假。译文：译文：If man is diligent, soil is not idle. How true the proverb is!