2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第183期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The plan for the new office tower went ahead（ ）of local opposition.问题1选项A.on accountB.in the lightC.outD.regardless【答案】D【解析】句意：新建办公楼的计划已经提前启动， 当地居民的反对。on account 因为；in the light 因为，依据；out 出于；regardless 不管。根据后半句，当地居民反对，还是提前启动了计划，因此选D。2. 单选题Each workday, the wo

2、rkers followed the same schedules and rarely（ ） from this routine.问题1选项A.deviatedB.disconnectedC.detachedD.distorted【答案】A【解析】句意：每个工作日，工人们遵循着同样的日程表，很少 常规。A选项deviated脱离，偏离；B选项disconnected切断；拆开；C选项detached分离，拆开；D选项distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviate from意为“背离，偏离”，应选A。3. 写作题In the current job market, university grad

3、uates are having a hard time finding jobs while many employers are complaining about the shortage of work hands. Write an essay of no less than 200 words analyzing the phenomenon. Your essay should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.【答案】Why Are University Graduates Having a Hard Time Finding J

4、obs?4. 单选题If any man here does not agree with me, he should（ ）his own plan for improvingthe living conditions of these people.问题1选项A.put onB.put outC.put inD.put forward【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意：如果这里有人不同意我的意见，他应该提出自己的计划来改善这些人的生活条件。5. 单选题Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake

5、.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（ ） 。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。6. 单选题Although most dreams apparently happen（ ）, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.

6、homogeneouslyD.instantaneously【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。句意：尽管大多数的梦明显是（ ）出现的，梦境活动也可能受到外界的影响。spontaneously 自然地，不由自主地；simultaneously 同时地；homogeneously 同样地；instantaneously即刻，突如其来地。因此，A项spontaneously 符合句意。7. 单选题Many years ago people thought the earth was flat. They believed that the sky （ ）a big up- side-down bowl a

7、nd that the sun, moon, and stars were lamps hanging from the top of the bowl. Later, people （ ）better. They found out that the earth （ ） round.We call the study of the skies and the planets astronomy, （ ） we call the watchers of the skies astronomer. Early astronomers thought the earth was the cente

8、r of They thought the heavens spun （ ）the earth. Later, they changed their （ ）They knew the earth was not the center. They believed that the earth and the（ ） planets spin around the sun. Today we know this is true.Ancient scientists studied the skies（ ） simple instruments. The first person（ ） a tele

9、- scope was named Galileo. In 1610 （ ） four moons around the planet Jupiter. Today （ ）use more complex equipment. Some of these measure the brightness of light. （ ） break lights up into different colors. Radio telescopes make stars and planets （ ） far closer than Galileos telescope could.Early astro

10、nomers （ ） five planets in the sky. Besides Earth, they knew about mercury, Ve- nus ,Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. In 1781 a seventh one was discovered and named Uranus. Years lat- er, astronomers found another planet and called it Neptune. The ninth planet to be found is called Pluto. It was not （ ） u

11、ntil 1930.Today scientists can （ ） almost anywhere. They have reached the heavens with their space- craft. In 1959, a spacecraft （ ） took pictures of the dark side of the moon. The years later a spacecraft landed two Americans on the moon. Other important journeys into space （ ） . Who knows? Maybe（

12、） human beings will live on another planet. Maybe you will be one of them.问题1选项A.isB.wasC.had beenD.were问题2选项A.spokeB.toldC.knewD.swore问题3选项A.wasB.had beenC.isD.were问题4选项A.andB.butC.yetD.still问题5选项A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything问题6选项A.aroundB.roundC.aboutD.along问题7选项A.jobsB.mindsC.suggest

13、ionD.advice问题8选项A.otherB.anotherC.restD.remained问题9选项A.byB.onC.withD.within问题10选项A.to useB.usedC.usesD.of using问题11选项A.inventedB.createdC.sawD.discovered问题12选项A.musiciansB.carpentersC.astronomersD.scholars问题13选项A.The othersB.OthersC.AnotherD.The other问题14选项A.lookB.lookingC.to lookD.looks问题15选项A.coul

14、d have seenB.could seeC.had seenD.saw问题16选项A.trappedB.servedC.discoveredD.settled问题17选项A.runB.exploreC.playD.relax问题18选项A.firstB.firstlyC.for the firstD.first of all问题19选项A.followedB.had followedC.were followingD.follow问题20选项A.somedayB.some dayC.some daysD.somedays【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第

15、7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:A第11题:D第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:A第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:A第20题:A【解析】1.语法分析。谓语动词believed 为一般过去式，主语the sky为第三人称单数，因此选B。2.词义辨析。句意：人们 得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。3.语法分析。句意：他们发现地球是圆的。属于客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，故选C。4.逻辑关系。句意：我们将对天空和星球的研究称为天文学，我们将星空观察者称为天文学家。前后两句为并列关系，故选A。5.词义辨析。句意：早期的天文学家认为地球是宇宙万物的中心。D项ever

16、ything意为“所有事物”, 符合句意。6.固定搭配。此处句意为：他们认为天堂围绕地球转。spin around为固定搭配意为“围绕旋转”。7.词义辨析。此处句意应为：他们改变了想法/认知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建议；advice建议。8.词义辨析。句意：他们认为地球和 行星围绕太阳转。other其他的；another另外一个；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故选A。9.介词辨析。句意：古代科学家通过简易工具研究天空。by凭借工具或手段；on在上面；with伴随；within在里面。故选A。10.语法分析。空格处应为定语修饰主语。而动词不定式和动名词形式可以做

17、定语。故A项为动词不定式做定语正确。11.词义辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周围 了四颗卫星。invented发明；created创造；saw看见；discover发现。故选D。12.词义辨析。句意：现如今 使用更精密的设备。C项astronomers（天文学家）正确。13.关联。根据前半句some of（有些）推断空格处应为The others（其他的）。14.语法分析。Make为使役动词，后面跟动词原形。故选A。15.语法分析。空格处是对过去的一种推测：早期的天文学家可能已经看到了天空中的五颗行星。因此用could表示推测。16.词义辨析。句意：直到1930年科学家才 它。trapped诱

18、捕、陷入困境；served招待、服务；discovered发现；settled定居、解决。故C项符合句意。17.词义辨析。句意：科学家几乎能够 宇宙的任何地方。run运行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B项符合句意。18.词义辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飞船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A项first意为“第一次”,而其他选项都表示“首先”，故选A。19.语法分析。此句讲述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时。20.词义辨析。句意：或许总有一天，人们会居住到另外一个星球。因此A项someday（有一天）正确。8. 单选题The original elections

19、 were declared（ ）by the former military ruler.问题1选项A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：最初的选举由前军事统治者宣布 。Void 无效的；vulgar 庸俗的；surplus多余的；extravagant 奢侈的。因此，A项void符合句意。9. 单选题The mayor was asked to（ ）his speech in order to allow his audience to raisequestions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.

20、condenseD.converge【答案】C【解析】句意：市长被要求（ ） 讲话，以便让他的听众提问。A选项constrain限制；B选项conduct控制，实施；C选项condense压缩，浓缩；D选项converge聚集。选项C符合句意。 10. 单选题Please refrain （ ） smoking.问题1选项A.fromB.ofC.atD.against【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。句意：请勿吸烟。Refrain和 from搭配为固定短语，意为“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正确答案是A选项。11. 单选题Some journalists often overstate the sit

21、uation so that their news may create a great问题1选项A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。create a great sensation表示 “引起轰动”12. 写作题Directions: “The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment

22、is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back bypractical concerns. ”Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue.【答案】The Purpose of Education13. 单选题Under ethical guideline rece

23、ntly adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct disease for which（ ）treatments are unsatisfactory.问题1选项A.similarB.dangerousC.uncommonD.alternative【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：根据国家健康研究机构最近通过的道德准则，人类的基因只有在 治疗方案无法满足需求的情况下才可以改变。similar相似的；dangerous危险的；uncommon不寻

24、常的，罕有的；alternative可供选择的。选项D“可供选择的”符合题意。14. 单选题Among all the changes resulting from the（ ）entry of women into the work force, the trans-formation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.问题1选项A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：在由于 女性进入到劳动大军所造成的改变

25、中, 她们自身的转变是最重要的。massive宏伟的；quantitative定量的；surplus过剩的；formidable强大的，可怕的。因此，D项符合句意。15. 单选题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the（ ）concern of state gov-ernments.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：一般来说，国家边境问题是政府 关心的问题。extinct灭绝的；excluding除外，不包

26、括；excessive过度的，过分的；exclusive独有的，专一的。D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的，特别的”。16. 单选题The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends. This basic, but often over-looked ,principle is

27、now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis. That is, one reason that some of the worlds leading economies from Japan to Italy to Spain to the euro zone as a whole are facing fiscal challenges is that their ferti

28、lity rates have been below replacement levels (2. 1 children per woman) for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees, which puts tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole. Indeed, one recent study finds that alm

29、ost half of the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last two decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks” because of its one-child policy, as Carlos Gavalle and I argued in a recent

30、 report, The Sustainable Demographic Dividend. By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China” over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow. In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographi

31、c ad- vantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century.Finally, its not just fertility that matters; its also marriage. At least in the West, children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an

32、 intact, married family in the U. S. , for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.And around the globe, men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort an

33、d attentionwhen they are married； this is one reason men worldwide enjoy “marriage premiums” in their in- come, ranging from about 14 percent (Mexico) to 19 percent ( United States) to 35 percent (Rus- sia) .So, at least when it comes to men，research suggests that marriage has important implications

34、 for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home; rather, the size of families，and their stability and quality，has important implications for the health of the global e- conomy.1.The main idea of this passage is that（） .2.One reason that the wor

35、lds leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that（） .3.“.its work force is poised to grow”(Para. 3) probably means （ ）4.From the passage we know that （ ）5.According to the passage, all the following can affect economy EXCEPT （ ）问题1选项A.women should bear more children in order to boost the ec

36、onomyB.both marriage and fertility affect a countrys economyC.marriage has important implications for worker productivityD.India will outpace Chinas economic growth rate by the end of the century问题2选项A.there is a global economic crisis in recent yearsB.there are fewer babies, and consequently, peopl

37、e spend less on many commoditiesC.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many yearsD.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole问题3选项A.its work force pauses to growB.its work force continues to grow fastC.its work force c

38、ontinues to grow steadilyD.its work force grows slowly问题4选项A.children from an intact, married family are more likely to have a better lifeB.the more people a country has, the stronger economy it will haveC.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual familiesD.men are likely to wo

39、rk harder when they are going to have children问题5选项A.the size of familiesB.the stability of familiesC.the quality of familiesD.men and women ratio within the families【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。本文开篇指出：现代经济发展取决于家庭力量和承受力，也与生育和婚姻趋势密切相关。因此，B项（婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济）正确。2.细节题。根据题干关键词“fiscal challenge

40、s”定位至第二段：one reason.is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades（一个重要原因在于生育率低于替代水平）。因此，C项（这些国家的人民多年来没有足够的子女来取代人口）正确。3.语义题。根据题干定位至第三段。第三段指出：中国独生子女政策使人口增长放缓，而印度人口还在快速增长，因此，C项（劳动力持续稳定增长）正确。4.细节题。第四段指出：当孩子们在一个完好无损的已婚家庭长大时，更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并作为年轻人获得

41、丰厚的就业机会。因此推断, 选项A（来自完好无损的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能过上更好的生活）正确。5.细节题。最后一段指出，影响全球经济的其他因素还有家庭大小、稳定性和家庭关系和谐度，分别对应A、B、C选项，因此D项除外。17. 单选题Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】D选项indignant意为“愤慨的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误的时候，史密斯先生变得非常（ ），应选D。A

42、选项ingenious聪明的；B选项empirical经验主义的；C选项objective客观的；D选项indignant愤慨的。D选项indignant符合句意。18. 单选题In general，matters which lie entirely within state borders are the（ ）concern of state gov-ernments.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意:般来说，国家边境问题是政府 （ ）关心的问题。extinct灭绝的；excluding除外，不

43、包括;excessive过度的，过分的;exclusive独有的，专一的。D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的,特别的”。19. 单选题Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is Americas most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present dangerto peoples health. Day and n

44、ight, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the

45、 night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoy-ance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards

46、associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health. Of many health

47、hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us ma

48、y experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes an- noyance and irritability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects

49、on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary a- mounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is

50、 because the link be- tween noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1.

51、In Paragraph 1, the phrase “immune to” is used to mean（ ）.2.The authors attitude toward noise would best be described as（ ）.3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?4.The author condemns noise essentially because it（ ）.5.The author would probably consider research about the

52、effects noise has on people to be（ ） .问题1选项A.unaffected byB.hurt byC.unlikely to be seen byD.unknown by问题2选项A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical问题3选项A.Noise is a major problem ; most people recognize its importance.B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.C.Noise is a

53、 major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.问题4选项A.is against the lawB.can make some people irritableC.is a nuisanceD.is a danger to peoples health问题5选项A.unimportantB.impossibleC.a waste of moneyD.essential【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C

54、第5题:D【解析】1. 根据“immune to”定位至其后面一句：Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds（尽管我们似乎通过忽视噪音来适应噪音，但实际上，耳朵永远不会关闭，身体仍然会做出反应），由此推断我们不可能不受噪音的影响，选项Aunaffected by”表示“不受影响”。2. 文章最后一段提出：为什么人们没有对噪音问题更为警醒，并且后面给出了若干猜测的理由，都指出了人们对噪音问题不够重视，说明作者十分关注噪音对

55、人类的健康产生的影响，因此C项正确。3. 文章第一段和最后一段的大意为：噪音已经成为一个普遍的问题，但是人们并没有重视噪音对人体健康产生的危害。选项C表示“噪音是一个主流问题，但并没有被充分意识到”符合题意。4. 文章指出：噪音会对人体的身心健康产生危害，并且围绕这一点展开，因此D选项“对人们的健康是一种威胁”符合题意。5. 最后一段指出：人们对噪音对健康的危害不够重视，并且噪音和疾病以及残疾之间的关系并没有得到证实，由此推断，作者认为对噪音的研究是有必要的，可以以此唤醒人们对此的注意，故选项D essential“有必要的”符合题意。20. 单选题All the ceremonies at

56、the 2000 Olympic games had a unique Australian flavor, （ ）of their multicultural communities.问题1选项A.noticeableB.indicativeC.conspicuousD.implicit【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。noticeable明显的；indicative表示的，象征的；conspicuous明显的，惹人注目的；implicit不言明的，含蓄的，无疑问的。句意：2000年奥运会所有的仪式都带有一种独特的澳大利亚风情， （ ） 他们是多元文化的社会。B选项indicative在此符合句意,意为 “表明他们是多元文化的社会”。