2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第63期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pag

2、es aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from pr

3、int anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt wast

4、e time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth ma

5、king a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would raise

6、prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in, “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping.” Peretti said.

7、 “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a wee

8、k costs nearly $500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digitalonly subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business.” Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense

9、when the market changes and the world changes. In those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”1.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to （ ）.2.Pertti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should （ ）.3.It can be inferred

10、from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product” （ ）.4.Peretti believes that in a changing world （ ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?问题1选项A.the increasing online and salesB.the pressure from its investorsC.the complaints from its readersD.the high cost of operation问题2选项A.

11、make strategic adjustmentsB.end the print edition for good.C.seek new sources of leadership.D.aim for efficient management问题3选项A.helps restore the glory of former timesB.is meant for the most loyal customersC.will have the cost of printing reducedD.expands the popularity of the paper.问题4选项A.traditio

12、nal luxuries can stay unaffectedB.cautiousness facilitates problem-solvingC.aggressiveness better meets challengesD.legacy businesses are becoming out dated问题5选项A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.B.Cherish the newspapers Still in Your HandC.Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionD.Make Your Pr

13、int Newspapers a Luxury Good【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第二段The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印刷机、配

14、送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸不受这种经济因素的制约。选项D “昂贵的运营费用”符合题意。2.文章第四段第一句Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way提到Peretti认为泰晤士报不应该花时间去思考停止印刷纸质版，而是应该寻找正确的方法去解决问题。选项A “进行战略调整”符合题意。3.文章第六段第一句the most loyal customers would stil

15、l get the product they favor 提到最忠诚的顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品；make it for the people who are already obsessed with it 专门为最忠诚客户为生，由此推断选项B “专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合题意。4.文章最后一段最后一句in those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive提到碰到那种情况，迎难而上要比无所作为好。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了报纸行业为防止被淘汰而采取对策。文章第五、六段提到不应该立即取消

16、或者淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品（I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product）。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The rate at which soil can absorb water （ ）with continuous wetting, so the longer a（ ） lasts, or the greater the rate of precipitation, the higher the percentage of water that

17、will flow across the ground as runoff and enter stream channels.问题1选项A.rises.delugeB.diminishes.droughtC.increases.showerD.decreases.rainstorm【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析和名词词义辨析。rise “提升，增加”；deluge “洪水，暴雨”；diminish “使减少，使变小”；drought “干旱，缺乏”； increase “增加，增长”；shower “淋浴，阵雨”；decrease “减少，减小”；rainstorm “暴风雨，大暴雨”。

18、句意：土壤吸收水分的速度随着湿度加大而降低，所以暴雨持续时间较长，降水率越大，地面径流和汇入河流的水就越多。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity o

19、n Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it wi

20、ll negatively affect one after another of Earths ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through oth

21、er types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.Certainly, there have been periods in Earths history when mass e

22、xtinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.1 percent of the species that have lived on Earth

23、have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.However, nothing has ever equated the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide

24、 agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration an

25、d genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 10 to suggest that

26、 （ ）.3.The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize that（ ）.4.According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans（ ）.5.With which of the following statements would the author be

27、most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The causes of the extinction of the dinosaurB.The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.C.The impact of human activities on Earths ecosystemsD.The time required for species to adapt to new environments.问题2选项A.new habitats can be created for speciesB.humans are

28、 often made ill by polluted waterC.some species have been made extinct by human activityD.an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing.问题3选项A.the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknownB.Earths climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs extinction.C.not

29、 all mass extinctions have been caused by human activityD.actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species extinction问题4选项A.are occurring at a much faster rateB.are less devastating to most speciesC.affect fewer ecosystemsD.are reversible问题5选项A.Human influence on ecosystems sho

30、uld not be a factor in determining public policyB.The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.C.Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.D.Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.【答案】第1题:

31、C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章提到了由于人类的活动导致一些动物灭绝，导致各种污染，严重破坏了地球生态系统。文章最后一段However, nothing has ever equated the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及毁坏环境的速度和程度已经超过了一切其他事物。选项C “人类活动对地球生态系统的影响”符合题意。2.文

32、章第一段Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste提到人类正通过其他活动来破坏海洋生态系统，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人类的活动导致很多动物灭绝。选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段第一句Certainly, there have been periods in Earths history when mass extinctions have occurred提到有些动

33、物的灭绝是地球历史进程中的结果。紧接着这用恐龙灭绝来佐证这个观点。选项C “不是所有动物的灭绝都是人类行为导致的”符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及破坏地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事实上即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身。选项A符合题意。5.文章第一段提到生物多样性已经成为一个公认的严重环保问题（Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades），文章最后也提到事实上有一

34、种广泛的共识就是即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身（In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves），根据以上这些可推断人类应该更加意识到自己行为对生态系统的影响作用。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious weapons in the struggle for survival in the open.

35、 They had neither the powerful teeth nor the （1）claws of the big cats. They could not （2）with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws （3）an impressive “small-fire” weaponry. They could not even defend themselves （4）running swiftly like horse, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted t

36、o compete on those terms in the open, they would have been （5）to failure and extinction. But they were （6）with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not （7）by any of their competitors.In the search （8）the pickings of the forest, the ape-man had （9）efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color

37、 （10）the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range （11）the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far （12）he reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long distance sight was （13）another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had

38、 not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight, so（14）they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not （15）. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat

39、. The ape-men （16）the only possible solution. They reared up as high as （17）on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still. （18）th

40、ey persevered and their bone structure gradually became （19）to the new, unstable position that （20）them the name Homo erectus, upright man.问题1选项A.bigB.weakC.strongD.small问题2选项A.matchB.compareC.rivalD.equal问题3选项A.becameB.equippedC.posedD.provided问题4选项A.inB.uponC.byD.with问题5选项A.drivenB.doomedC.forcedD

41、.led问题6选项A.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowed问题7选项A.managedB.possessedC.posedD.opposed问题8选项A.forB.ofC.onD.at问题9选项A.progressedB.generatedC.developedD.advanced问题10选项A.whichB.asC.whatD.that问题11选项A.urgedB.permittedC.bannedD.caused问题12选项A.fromB.apartC.beyondD.above问题13选项A.ratherB.quiteC.muchD.really问题14

42、选项A.anythingB.thatC.everythingD.all问题15选项A.availableB.enoughC.sufficientD.convenient问题16选项A.choseB.adoptedC.acceptedD.took问题17选项A.valuableB.acceptableC.possibleD.able问题18选项A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Subsequently问题19选项A.suitedB.familiarizedC.adaptedD.accustomed问题20选项A.obtainedB.calledC.deserved

43、D.earned【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:C第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】（1）考查前后逻辑。neither nor“既不 也不 ”，两个词接后面接类似的词，neither后面接的是 powerful，所以nor后面应该接四个选项里的strong。选项C符合题意。（2）考查动词词义辨析。match “使匹配，使相称”；compare “比较”；rival “与 竞争”；equal “等于，比得上”。空格处所在句子的句

44、意是：他们比不上狗熊，狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能够提供很好的武器。选项A符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。 become “成为”；equip “装备；配备”；pose “摆姿势”；provide “提供”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第32题，选项D符合题意。（4）考查介词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们甚至不能像马和斑马那样通过奔跑来保护自己。by “通过”，符合题意。（5）考查动词词组辨析。be driven to “沉浸于”；be doomed to sth. “注定”；be forced to “被迫”；lead to “导致”。空格处所在句子的句意是：如果一个类人猿试图在野外与其

45、他动物搏斗，他们注定失败并且灭绝。选项B符合题意。（6）考查动词词义辨析。bestow “赠给”，常与on或upon搭配；give “给”，常与to搭配；present “赠予”，常与with搭配；endow“天生具有，赋予”，一般用被动式与with搭配。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们天生拥有其他任何竞争对手所不具有的某种巨大的隐蔽的优势。选项D符合题意。（7）考查动词词义辨析。manage “成功做”；possess “占有”；pose“摆姿势”；oppose “反对”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第36题。选项B符合题意。（8）考查固定搭配。in the search of 是固定搭配，“在寻找

46、 的过程中”。选项B符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。generate “生成，产生”；progress “进展，进步”；develop “形成，获得”；advance “前进，发展”。空格处所在句子的大意是在生存竞争中类人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地动物不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨色能力。选项C符合题意。（10）考查定语从句。先行词是efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color，先行词有两个，所以只能用 that。选项D符合题意。（11）考查动词词义辨析。urge “催促”；permit “允许”；ban “禁止”；cause “引起”。空格处

47、前面 the ability to see clearly at close range “能够近距离看到目标的能力”这个能力为它们研究实际问题提供条件，即“允许”它们去研究实际问题。选项B符合题意。（12）考查固定搭配。beyond the reach of “在 范围之外”。选项C符合题意。（13）考查副词词义辨析。quite是程度副词，可以用在限定词another前面，而另外三个副词则不可以。选项B符合题意。（14）考查从句引导词。本句是由so引导的一个从句，句子缺少一个引导词，该引导词充当they had to do的宾语，all符合题意。（15）考查形容词词义辨析。available

48、 “可得到的；可用的”；enough “足够的”；sufficient “充足的”；convenient意为“方便的”。空格处句子所在的句意是：然而，在空旷的野外，这种方法是行不通的。选项A符合题意。（16）考查动词词义辨析。choose“选择，挑选”；adopt“采用；采纳”；accept“接受”；take“实施；采取”。空格处所在句子的句意是：类人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。选项B符合题意。（17）考查形容词词义辨析。valuable “有价值的”；acceptable “可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able “能够的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的后肢尽可能高地抬起，开

49、始直立行走。选项C符合题意。（18）考查前后逻辑。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；subsequently“随后”。空格处所在句子与前面的句子提到直立行走使得类人猿站不稳，并且跟其他动物相比本来速度就慢了，现在变得更慢了（It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still）。空格处后面提到类人猿继续坚持并且使得骨头结构开始逐渐变化，可以看出前后存在转折关系，所以however符合题意。（19）考查形容词词义辨析。be su

50、ited to sth. “适合 的”；be accustomed to “习惯于”；be familiarized with“与 相熟”；adapt to sth. “适应”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的骨骼渐渐适应了这种新的行走方式。选项C符合题意。（20）考查动词词义辨析。obtain “获得”；call “叫”；deserve “值得”；earn “赚得，赢得”。空格处所在句子提到由于类人猿的骨骼逐渐适应了直立行走，因此赢得了“直立人”的称号。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题（ ）of the grassland dwellers of the North American contin

51、ent is the antelope, or pronghorn.问题1选项A.TypicalB.The typicalC.Typical isD.While【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句，正常的语序是：the North American antelope，or pronghorn is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent。选项A符合题意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陆典型的草原动物。6. 单选题The purpose of the lecture was to（ ）the masses

52、of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.问题1选项A.informB.acquaintC.instructD.announce【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。inform “通知”；acquaint “了解”；instruct “通知，指导”；announce “宣布”。句意：讲座的目的是为了使美国大众了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。acquaint sb. with sth. “使某人了解某事”。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Advertising is distinguished from other fo

53、rms of communication （ ）the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.问题1选项A.in whichB.in this wayC.in thatD.in order that【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。空格后面是一个完整的句子，不缺任何主要成分。in which 引导定语从句，可以排除；in this way “以 的方式”，不符合题意。in that 在句中引导原因状语从句，符合句意：广告与其他的交流方式不同，因为广告人需要为要发表的信息付费。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题I feel rather at a

54、 （ ）talking to her,because shes so clever.问题1选项A.mistakeB.faultC.disadvantageD.defect【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be at a disadvantage “处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题（ ） in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found it in Africa.问题1选项A.Originally cultivatedB.Originally being cultivatedC.H

55、aving originally cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时 the banana，从四个选项可知 cultivate 是一个关键词，其与 the banana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是 was 过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The（ ） prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.问题1选项A.brevit

56、yB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。brevity “简洁”；amenity “舒适，愉悦”；enmity “敌意，憎恨”；fidelity “忠诚”。题干中提到有一种东西会阻止两邻国友好相处，这种东西很明显是enmity，选项C符合题意。11. 单选题How many times did the clock（ ） ?问题1选项A.hitB.knockC.beatD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。strike可以用来表示“敲打钟表”，其他的词则不行，所以选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Although he is in

57、his fifties, his（ ） arms are as powerful as those of a young man.问题1选项A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。energetic “精力充沛的”；gigantic “巨大的，庞大的”；muscular“肌肉的，强健的”；effective“有效的”。句意：尽管他已经五十多岁了，他充满肌肉的手臂像年轻人一样充满力量。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organ

58、isms（ ） with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。degrade “降低，降级，退化”；deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；default “拖欠，不履行义务”；depress “ 压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意“科学家对于生物体随着年龄增长会_是必然结果这种说法表示怀疑”，可知空格处应该填表示“退化”此类意思的词，degrade强调功能的退化，deteriorate 强调身体状况的恶化，显然选项C符合题意。14. 单

59、选题（ ）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he rea

60、lize that he came（ ） early.问题1选项A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Too much “太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；much too “太 ，非常 ”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；so much “这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mush so 这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题Many young people take （ ）radios to the

61、beach with them.问题1选项A.liableB.portableC.purchasableD.cherishable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable “有责任的，有义务的”；portable “手提的，便携式的”；purchasable “可买的，可买到的”；cherishable “值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年轻人带着便携式收音机去沙滩。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题All the parts of this model of automobile are（ ） , so that you can easily replace them everywhere.问题1选项A.modernizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.normalized【答案】B【解