2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷32（含答案解析）

《2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷32（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷32（含答案解析）（20页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Her parents wanted to change her mind so they tried to_her to their way of thinking.问题1选项A.convertB.alterC.transferD.convey【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“(使)转变，改变”，指改变形式、特性、信仰、观点等；B选项alter“改变，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本质和总体结构；C选项transfer“(使)转移，搬迁，(使)调动”；D选项convey“表达，传递(思想、感情等)”。

2、根据指their way of thinking可知选A。句意：她的父母想改变她的想法，所以他们试图让她转变到他们的思维方式。2. 单选题For many patients, institutional care is the most_and beneficial form of care.问题1选项A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的

3、”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。3. 单选题The lawyer promised to go to great to defend him.问题1选项A.lengthsB.measuresC.effortsD.endeavors【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项lengths n.长度（指距离，时间）；B选项measures n.方法，对策；C选项efforts n.努力；D选项endeavor n.努力，尽力。go to great lengths 表示“竭尽全力；不遗余力”，因此，正确答案是A项。句意：律师向

4、他保证会竭尽全力为他辩护。4. 单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles

5、 to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique chara

6、cteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of wh

7、ich are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift

8、 as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. Acc

9、ording to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary

10、 musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body massD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than

11、any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathing functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【

12、答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a

13、 persons body is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉

14、含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsi

15、ble for directing your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。5. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists ha

16、ve moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite-structural variation between the male and female brain.

17、 The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus cal

18、losum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”，and, if this difference exists, are there others?

19、Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these

20、two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And th

21、e better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be bett

22、er than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship betwee

23、n abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should

24、 be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by_ factors.3. “these differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in_.4. At the end of the passage the author pr

25、oposes more work on_.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference i

26、n the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.t

27、he distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure,C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】第1题:C第2题

28、:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.（心理学家把这个问题看作是一件沮丧的是或是一个笑话）可知A选项表述不正确；由第一段中的But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.（但他们急忙指出，不同并不等于好或坏）可知B选项表述不正确；由第三段中的This is the first tim

29、e that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.（这是第一次发现女性和男性大脑之间的结构差异，它必须具有一定的意义）可知D选项表述不正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D选项，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences.（我们倾向于认为，正是社会的影响产

30、生了这些差异）可知选D。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.（但要在此基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并非易事）可知选A。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have s

31、ome effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing（我们也不知道这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异肯定会有一定的影响，因为这种差异存在于大脑中与智力有关的部分，我们应该寻找智力加工的差异）可知选D。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了男性和女性的结构存在差别，科学家对这种差别所做的研究，因此A选项“概述脑结构的研究成果”符合题意

32、。6. 单选题After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争吵，吵架”，强调以发生口角和吵架等形式引起的争论；B选项suspicion“怀疑，嫌疑”；C选项verdict“裁定，裁决”；D选项controversy“(公开的)争论，辩论”，指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。根据the safety of nuclear energ

33、y可知核能安全是一个重要的话题，因此选D。句意：在几次核灾难之后，激起了一场关于核能安全的争论。7. 单选题We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中

34、，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。8. 单选题The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their

35、 language learning. SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning. Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language a

36、cquisition framework. Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.1. Which of the following is the sub-dis

37、cipline of applied linguistics?2. Which of the following is correct?3. Which of the following is correct?4. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted because_.5. Which of the following will serve as the best title

38、 for the passage?问题1选项A.The distinction between second and foreign language learning.B.The second language.C.The foreign language.D.Second language acquisition.问题2选项A.SLA research examines second language learning, some foreign, third or fourth language learning.B.SLA research examines second langua

39、ge learning, any foreign, third or fourth language learning.C.SLA research examines foreign language learning.D.SLA research examines first language learning.问题3选项A.Additional language and foreign language learning should be treated in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.Additional langu

40、age and foreign language learning should not be treated in the same second language acquisition framework.C.Additional language and foreign language learning have been treated differently in second language acquisition frameworkD.Additional language and foreign language learning have not been treate

41、d in different second language acquisition framework问题4选项A.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in different second langua

42、ge acquisition framework.C.learning a third language is necessarily the same as learning a second language.D.learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language问题5选项A.Inside SLAB.Outside SLAC.Future of SLAD.The third language and SLA【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.

43、细节事实题。由文章中的The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language lear

44、ning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Due to the complexity of la

45、nguage learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Of course, we know that learning a

46、third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducte

47、d.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。9. 单选题One of the attractive features of the training was the way the practical work had been_ into the learning process.问题1选项A.adjustedB.alternatedC.incorporatedD.combined【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“适应，调整”；B选项alternate“交替，轮流”；C选项incorporate“将包括在内，包

48、含，吸收”；D选项combine“使结合”。根据practical work与into the learning process可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：该培训吸引人的一个特点是将实践工作纳入到学习过程的方式。10. 单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illumina

49、te v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。11. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.me

50、dicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。12. 单选题We should always keep in mind that（）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项urgent adj.紧急的，急

51、迫的；B选项hasty adj.轻率的，草率的，匆忙的；C选项 instant adj.立即的，紧迫的；D选项prompt adj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我们必须谨记仓促的决定常常会导致痛苦的悔恨。因此本题选择B项。13. 单选题（）, Shakespeare was also a prolific writer of sonnets.问题1选项A.Noting for his playsB.Notes of his plays,C.Famous playsD.Noted for his plays【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变

52、为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。14. 单选题In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is _.问题1选项A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩，减少”；B选项obscure“使模糊，使难解”；C选项alter“改变”；D选项constrain“强迫”。根据h

53、ighly technological society与the number of jobs可知A选项符合语义。句意：在我们高度科技化的社会里，非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。15. 单选题They were_in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在

54、”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。be immersed in为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。16. 单选题I think that I committed a_in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的错误”；B选项revenge“报仇，报复”；C选项reproach“责备，责骂”；D选项scanda

55、l“丑闻，丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意：我想我问她的时候犯了个错误，因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。17. 单选题Because we will never agree about this, any further discussion is（）.问题1选项A.discernibleB.heedlessC.futileD.reflective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项为“可辨别的，可识别的”；B选项为“不注意的，不留心的”；C选项为“无效的，无用的”；D选项为“反射的；反映的；深思熟虑的”。根据“never agree about th

56、is”可知，因为我们在这件事上总不能意见一致，所以可知进一步讨论是没有用。因此正确答案为C选项。18. 单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争

57、。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。19. 单选题_at in this way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate.问题1选项A.LookingB.LookedC.Being lookedD.To look【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语the situation与look之间为动宾关系，表示被动，前面部分完整的表达为the situation is looked at in this way，故用动词的过去分词作状语，因此选B。句意：从这个角度看，情况似乎并不那么绝望。20. 单选题If you（）care to see the pictures, Ill bring them round some evening.问题1选项A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.can【答案】B【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“would you care to.”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。