2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第85期

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a seco

2、ndary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on, proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with har

3、dly any chat and to everyones satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something elsehe offers the nearest he can to the article requ

4、ired. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly, he does so with skill and polish. I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is This

5、 is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants

6、, and she is only having a look around. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Co

7、ntrary to a lot of jokes; most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before sel

8、ecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1.When a man is buying clothes, （ ）.2.In commerce a good salesman is one who（ ）.3.What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants

9、?4.According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women（ ）.5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?问题1选项A.he chooses things that others recommendB.he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC.he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD.he does not

10、mind how much he has to pay for the right things问题2选项A.sells something a customer does not particularly wantB.always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC.can find out quickly the goods requiredD.does not waste his time on difficult customers问题3选项A.He buys something that is similar enough to th

11、e ideal one.B.He usually does not buy anything.C.At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D.So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.问题4选项A.often buy things without thinkingB.seldom buy cheap clothesC.welcome suggestions from anyoneD.never take any advice问题5选项A.The fact th

12、at men do not try clothes on in a shop.B.Women bargain for their clothes but men do not.C.Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D.The time they take over buying clothes.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the

13、price is a secondary consideration.（他知道他想要什么，他的目标是找到它并购买它；价格是次要的考虑因素）可知选D。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something elsehe offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly, he does so

14、with skill and polish.（在这种情况下，推销员，顾名思义，试图向顾客推销其他东西他提供了最接近他所需要的物品。优秀的推销员不会直截了当地提出这样的替代方案，而是用技巧和变通来做的这点）可知选A。第3题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on（这是对的颜色，可能是合适的尺寸，但试穿还是浪费你我的时间）可知选B。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中She is always op

15、en to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.（她总是乐于接受说服；事实上，她非常重视女售货员告诉她的话，甚至是同伴对她说的话。她会试穿很多东西。在她心中最重要的是

16、 应该找到每个人都认为适合她的东西）可知选C。第5题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes（这笔交易可以而且经常在不到五分钟内完成）和最后一段中So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands（所以大多数服装店都为等候的丈夫提供椅子）可知男女购物最大的区别是购物花费的时间，因此选D。2. 单选题Before a bill can become law, it has to have the full （ ）o

17、f both Houses or Parliament.问题1选项A.justificationB.warrantC.endorsementD.verification【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。justification意为“辩解”；warrant意为“ 授权令，委任，依据”；endorsement意为“支持，认可”；verification意为“审核，证实”。句意：在法案成为法律之前，必须得到议会和国会的完全授权。3. 单选题Why was the suggestion that she （ ）to our party rejected the day before yesterday

18、?问题1选项A.be invitedB.to be invitedC.being invitedD.has been invited【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在表示“建议、要求、命令、意愿”等意义的名词，后面跟的表语从句中和同位语从句中谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略，因此选A。句意：为什么前天她受邀参加我们聚会的建议被拒绝了？4. 单选题The governor said he would （ ）judgment until he received the committees report.问题1选项A.withstandB.withholdC

19、.scrutinizeD.ferret【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。withstand意为“经受，承受”；withhold意为“拒给，扣留”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查”；ferret意为“搜出，查获”。句意：州长说，他将在收到委员会的报告后才做出判断。5. 单选题Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?问题1选项A.All his lectures are were interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party.D.B

20、oth his sisters are nurses.【答案】C【解析】考查限定词。题干：下面哪个句子不正确？many后面不能直接跟限定词。6. 单选题Do you know what a resolution is? its a promise. Most promises are made（1）other people(Mom, I promise Ill tidy my room when I get back from the beach). （2）resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New years res

21、olutions are resolutions that people make at the beginning of the year in the（3）that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But（4）the resolution is important enough, you（5） have to write it down to remember it.There are different kinds of resolution

22、s. Some relate to（6）health such as starting a workout program or（7）the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as（8）a hobby live painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. （9

23、）here might include using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder.Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have（10）. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. For people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue t

24、hat the best resolution is simply not to make any resolutions!问题1选项A.forB.byC.toD.with问题2选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.LikewiseD.Incidentally问题3选项A.resolveB.assumptionC.pledgeD.hope问题4选项A.asB.ifC.thoughD.because问题5选项A.shouldntB.couldntC.mustntD.wouldnt问题6选项A.normalB.mentalC.publicD.physical问题7选项A.deter

25、miningB.increasingC.limitingD.retaining问题8选项A.taking upB.giving upC.holding downD.laying do问题9选项A.ExceptionsB.ExamplesC.SamplesD.Variations问题10选项A.in conclusionB.in diversityC.in commonD.in favor【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。make promise to意为“对许下承诺”。第2题:考查副词辨析

26、。however意为“然而”，表转折关系，常作插入语；nevertheless意为“然而，不过”，表示尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响；likewise意为“同样地”；incidentally意为“顺便”。第3题:考查上下文语义。由后面they will improve their live可知新年决心表达的是一种美好的愿望，一种希望，因此选D。第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“有些人写下了他们的决心来记住他们”，此处表示转折关系，因此填though（虽然，尽管）。第5题:考查上下文语义。此处表示尽管决心很重要，但你不必一定要把它写下来，因此填mustnt（不必）。第6题:考查上下文语义。

27、由such as starting a workout program（锻炼计划）or _ the amount of junk food that you eat可知与身体有关，因此填physical，physical health意为“身体健康”。第7题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的“开始锻炼计划”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”，因此填limiting。第8题:考查上下文语义。由前面Many have to do with self improvement（许多人必须自我改进）可推测此处表示开始一个新的爱好，因此填taking up（开始，从事）。第9题:考查上下文语义。由后面的

28、using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder可知这里是举例说明，因此填examples（例子）。第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的Despite these differences（尽管有这些差异），但有一个大部分决心是相同的，因此填in common（共有的，相同的）。7. 单选题The world of education is currently undergoing a massive transformation as a result of the digital revolution. Thi

29、s transformation is similar to the transition from apprenticeship to universal schooling that occurred in the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution. In the apprenticeship era, most of what people learned occurred outside of school. Universal schooling led people to identify learning

30、with school, but now the identification of the two is unraveling.All around us people are learning with the aid of new technologies: children are playing complex video games, workers are interacting with simulations that put them in challenging situations, students are taking courses at online high

31、schools and colleges, and adults are consulting Wikipedia. New technologies create learning opportunities that challenge traditional schools and colleges. These new learning niches enable people of all ages to pursue learning on their own terms. People around the world are taking their education out

32、 of school into homes, libraries, Internet cafes and workplaces, where they can decide what they want to learn, when they want to learn, and how they want to learn.Who will benefit ultimately from this revolution? In America there is a commercial push to sell educational products to consumers who ar

33、e looking for an edge up in the race for success. This means that technological products and services are popping up all over the American landscape. Education, once viewed as a public good with equal access for all, is now up for sale to those who can afford specialized services and computer progra

34、ms. We think schools have served America and the world very well. We greatly admire the teachers who have dedicated themselves to helping children from different backgrounds to learn and thrive in a changing world. Schools have made invaluable contributions to the worlds development and we think the

35、y will continue to do so well into the future.However, we think it is time that educators and policy makers start to rethink education apart from schooling. Education is a lifelong enterprise, while schooling for most encompasses only ages five to 18 or 21. Even when students are in school much of t

36、heir education happens outside of school. We all know that technology has transformed our larger society. It has become central to peoples reading, writing, calculating, and thinking, which are the major concerns of schooling. And yet technology has been kept in the periphery of schools, used for th

37、e most part only in specialized courses.The central challenge is whether our current schools will be able to adapt and incorporate the new power of technology-driven learning for the next generation of public schooling. If schools cannot successfully integrate new technologies into what it means to

38、be a school, then the long identification of schooling with education, developed over the past 150 years, will dissolve into a world where wealthier students pursue their learning outside of the public school.1.What caused the emergence of universal schooling in the 19th century?2.What can we learn

39、from the 2nd paragraph about the authors view on new technologies?3.According to the author, the digital revolution is beneficial for （ ）.4.The word periphery in the 4 paragraph probably means（ ）.5.The authors purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the digital revolutionB.the industrial revolu

40、tionC.the learners identificationD.the new approach to education问题2选项A.The online education would replace the traditional colleges.B.The leading position of universities and schools might be under threat.C.The computer simulation could provide workers with more opportunities.D.The learning strategie

41、s and styles would be decided by new technologies.问题3选项A.the teachers in schools and collegesB.the business men striving for successC.the students outside schools and collegesD.the better-off purchasing educational products问题4选项A.the outside boundaryB.the special sitesC.the inner circleD.the related

42、 department问题5选项A.to present the power of new technologiesB.to describe the transformation of learning approachC.to advocate the reform of education in the age of technologyD.to analyze the integration of new technologies into schooling【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中This transform

43、ation is similar to the transition from apprenticeship to universal schooling that occurred in the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution.（这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变）可知选B。第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中New technologies create learning opportunities that challenge traditional schools and colleges.

44、（新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会）可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education, once viewed as a public good with equal access for all, is now up for sale to those who can afford specialized services and computer programs.（教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益，现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人）可知选D，作者认为，数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。第4题

45、:词义题。the outside boundary意为“外界”；the special sites意为“特殊地点”；the inner circle意为“核心集团，内圈”；the related department意为“相关部门”。由And yet technology has been kept in the periphery of schools, used for the most part only in specialized courses.（然而，技术一直保存在学校的外围，大部分只在专业课程中使用）可知选A。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了数字革命给教育带来的改革，学校教育

46、受到挑战。由最后一段中If schools cannot successfully integrate new technologies into what it means to be a school, then the long identification of schooling with education, developed over the past 150 years, will dissolve into a world where wealthier students pursue their learning outside of the public school.

47、（如果学校不能成功地将新技术融入学校教育，那么过去150年来发展起来的对学校教育的长期认同就会消失。将进入一个富裕的学生在公立学校之外继续学习的世界）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导科技时代的教育改革，因此选C。8. 单选题The temperature （ ）greatly; the days were very hot while the nights were very cold.问题1选项A.changedB.alteredC.variedD.reflected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。change意为“改变，变化”，指完全改变；alter意为“改变”，指部分改变；vary意为“变

48、化”，指多变；reflect意为“反射，反应”。句意：气温变化很大，白天很热，夜晚很冷。9. 单选题Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of（1）are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. （2）, some of the most successful films of recent years have been（3

49、）on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a（4）new development in literature,（5）its ancestors can be found in book written hundreds of years ago. These books often（6）the presentation of some form of（7）society, a theme which is（8）often found in modern stories.Most of the

50、classics of science fiction, （9）, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books（10）writers, such as Jules Veme and H.G. Wells, to（11）just two well-known authors, have been translation into many languages.（12）science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars or Space adventure stori

51、es. They are（13）interested in predicting the effect of technical progress（14）society and the human mind, or in（15）future worlds which are a（16）of the world（17）we live in now. （18）of this, their writing has obvious political undertones (含蓄) .In an age when scientific fact frequently（19）science fictio

52、n, the writers may find（20）difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.问题1选项A.stylesB.titlesC.subjectsD.topics问题2选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.AnywayD.Evidently问题3选项A.reliedB.dependedC.basedD.focused问题4选项A.asB.whenC.soD.fairly问题5选项A.asB.whenC.butD.if问题6选项A.look forB.care forC.ask forD.call for问题7选项

53、A.societyB.idealC.futureD.end问题8选项A.yetB.alreadyC.almostD.still问题9选项A.consequentlyB.thereforeC.howeverD.moreover问题10选项A.onB.byC.aboutD.For问题11选项A.introduceB.mentionC.tellD.remind问题12选项A.AncientB.ModernC.PreviousD.Former问题13选项A.neverB.lessC.moreD.scarcely问题14选项A.onB.ofC.inD.at问题15选项A.recognizingB.ima

54、giningC.rememberingD.adapting问题16选项A.regulationB.reactionC.reductionD.reflection问题17选项A.whichB.whereC.thereD.when问题18选项A.DespiteB.BecauseC.InsteadD.At present问题19选项A.reachesB.attainsC.caulesD.overtakes问题20选项A.itB.thisC.thatD.those【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:B第13

55、题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。此处表示每年都有几百本书出版，titles指的是书籍。第2题:考查副词辨析。此处表示递进关系，因此填furthermore，意为“此外，而且”。第3题:考查动词辨析。rely on意为“依赖”；depend on意为“依靠，依赖”；base on意为“根据，基于”；focus on意为“关注，聚焦于”。此处表示电影是以科幻小说为基础的。第4题:考查逻辑关系。此处意为“人们常常认为科幻小说在文学上是一个新的发展”，缺少一个表程度的副词，因此fairly（一定地，相当地）最为恰当

56、。第5题:考查连词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填but。第6题:考查动词辨析。look for意为“寻找”；care for意为“关心，照顾”；ask for意为“请求”；call for意为“要求，需要，去接（某人）”，此处表示关注、关心，因此选B。第7题:考查逻辑关系。这些书指的是科幻小说，具有不真实，不切实际等特征，因此填ideal，意为“完美的，想象的，不切实际的”。第8题:考查副词辨析。此处表示让步关系，因此填still，意为“仍，仍然”，指主题仍然可以在现代小说中找到。第9题:考查副词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填however，consequently与therefore表示因果

57、关系，moreover表示递进关系。第10题:考查介词辨析。by作介词时，意为“被，由”，books by writers意为“作家写的书”。第11题:考查固定搭配。to mention意为“举例”。第12题:考查逻辑关系。由句中的Mars or Space adventure（火星或太空探险）和下句中的interested in predicting the effect of technical progress（预测技术进步的效果感兴趣）可知这些都属于现代的一些东西，因此填modern（现代的）。第13题:考查逻辑关系。由前句可知现代科幻作家不写关于火星或太空探险的故事，此推测此处表示让

58、他们更感兴趣的，因此填more（更加）。第14题:考查固定搭配。the effect on sth.意为“对某事物的影响”。第15题:考查逻辑关系。由空格后的future world（未来世界）可推测未来可以想象，猜测，因此填imagine最为恰当。第16题:考查名词辨析。此处表示这个世界反射的未来世界，因此填reflection，意为“反射，反映”；reaction一般是指人的反应，感应；regulation意为“管理”；reduction意为“减少”。第17题:考查关系代词。先行词为world，表示物，可以用which引导定语从句。第18题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示因此关系，因此填becau

59、se。第19题:考查动词辨析。reach意为“到达”；attain意为“达到，获得”；caules意为“茎类”；overtake意为“追上，赶上，超过”。此处缺少动词，故排除C选项，表示在一个事实经常超过科幻小说的时代，因此选D。第20题:考查形式宾语。it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。10. 单选题Early in the 1900s, the use of trucks to hand commercial（ ）developed almost simultaneously with the first widespread use of the automobile.问题1选项A.

60、vehiclesB.equipmentC.workersD.merchandise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”；equipment意为“设备，装备”；worker意为“工 人，员工”；merchandise意为“商品，货品”。句意：20世纪初，运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。11. 单选题You should try to （ ）your ambition and be more realistic.问题1选项A.reserveB.restrainC.retainD.reclaim【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，储存，保

61、留”；restrain意为“抑制，压抑”；retain意为“保持”；reclaim意为“开拓，开垦”。句意：你应该控制你的野心，更现实一点。12. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）and a knowledge and unders