2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第1期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realize that he came（ ） early.问题1选项A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Too much “太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；much too “太 ，非常 ”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；so much “这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者

2、作形容词短语修饰名词；mush so 这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The Indian wars greatly（ ） the dangers of frontier life.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.challengedC.multipliedD.enriched【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accumulate “积聚；堆积”；challenge“挑战”；multiply “繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich “使丰富”。句意：印度战争极大增加了边境生命的危险性。选项C符合

3、题意。3. 单选题Relief organizations have contributed （ ）money to famine in Africa.问题1选项A.both time andB.time butC.neither time andD.neither time nor【答案】A【解析】考查连接词的用法。句意：救援组织为非洲的饥荒出钱出力。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly whe

4、n that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksis

5、nt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be hig

6、h and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition wou

7、ld make sense for them.” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,”

8、 he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd like

9、they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in, “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping.” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if youre going to make a print

10、 product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digitalonly subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that B

11、uzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business.” Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”1.The New York Times is

12、 considering ending its print edition partly due to （ ）.2.Pertti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should （ ）.3.It can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product” （ ）.4.Peretti believes that in a changing world （ ）.5.Which of the following would be the best ti

13、tle of the text?问题1选项A.the increasing online and salesB.the pressure from its investorsC.the complaints from its readersD.the high cost of operation问题2选项A.make strategic adjustmentsB.end the print edition for good.C.seek new sources of leadership.D.aim for efficient management问题3选项A.helps restore th

14、e glory of former timesB.is meant for the most loyal customersC.will have the cost of printing reducedD.expands the popularity of the paper.问题4选项A.traditional luxuries can stay unaffectedB.cautiousness facilitates problem-solvingC.aggressiveness better meets challengesD.legacy businesses are becomin

15、g out dated问题5选项A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.B.Cherish the newspapers Still in Your HandC.Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionD.Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第二段The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, de

16、livery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印刷机、配送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸不受这种经济因素的制约。选项D “昂贵的运营费用”符合题意。2.文章第四段第一句Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but

17、only if they go about doing it the right way提到Peretti认为泰晤士报不应该花时间去思考停止印刷纸质版，而是应该寻找正确的方法去解决问题。选项A “进行战略调整”符合题意。3.文章第六段第一句the most loyal customers would still get the product they favor 提到最忠诚的顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品；make it for the people who are already obsessed with it 专门为最忠诚客户为生，由此推断选项B “专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合题意。

18、4.文章最后一段最后一句in those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive提到碰到那种情况，迎难而上要比无所作为好。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了报纸行业为防止被淘汰而采取对策。文章第五、六段提到不应该立即取消或者淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品（I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product）。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题（ ） he tried to under

19、stand Shakespeares tragedies, he failed all the same.问题1选项A.Hard asB.As hardC.Hard althoughD.Though hard【答案】A【解析】考查as 引导的让步状语从句。句意：虽然他尽力去理解莎士比亚的悲剧作品，但是却仍然失败了。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The microscope can（ ） the object 50 times in diameter.问题1选项A.increaseB.multiplyC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。increase “增加；

20、加大”；multiply “乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘”；enlarge “扩大；使增大；扩展”；magnify “放大；夸大”。句意：显微镜可以使物体在直径上放大50倍。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题The employer must（ ） that the applications for the post have the proper qualifications.问题1选项A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。justify “证明 是正当的；替 辩护”；verify “核实； 查证”；warrant “保证；担保”

21、；perceive “察觉，感觉”。句意：雇主必须核实针对该岗位的申请都有适合的资质。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题I remember（ ） to help us if we ever were in difficulties.问题1选项A.once offeringB.him once offeringC.him to offerD.to offer him【答案】B【解析】考查remember的用法。remember sb. doing sth. “记得某人做过某事”。remember sb. to do sth. “记得某人要去做某事”。根据后面的动词 were 可知是发生在过去的事情，

22、所以选项B符合题意。9. 单选题It is reported that over a third of the population in that area have no（ ） to the health service问题1选项A.approachB.accessC.admissionD.acquaintance【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。have no access to “无法获得某事”。句意：据报道该地区超过三分之一的人无法获得卫生服务。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Some companies have introduced flexible working time wit

23、h less emphasis on pressure（ ）问题1选项A.and more on efficiencyB.than more on efficiencyC.and more efficiencyD.than efficiency【答案】A【解析】考查and前后成分的一致性。and 是一个并列连词，所以前后成分表达应该保持一致，所以介词on 不能缺少，选项A符合题意。11. 单选题One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships （ ）follow traffic rules

24、 in busy harbors.问题1选项A.dutifullyB.cautiouslyC.faithfullyD.skillfully【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。dutifully “尽职尽责地，忠实地”；cautiously “慎重地，谨慎地”；faithfully “忠实地，忠诚地”；skillfully “巧妙地，精巧地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一便是确保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通规则。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题If you divide 7 by 3, you have 1 （ ）问题1选项A.left overB.left outC.left offD.left

25、about【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。left over “剩下，遗留”；left out “被遗忘，忽略”；left off “停止，中断”；left about “乱丢，乱放”。句意：七除以三还余一。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题（ ） found four-leaf clover is considered a lucky sign.问题1选项A.It is rarelyB.RarelyC.The rarelyD.Despite its being rarely【答案】C【解析】考查定冠词的用法。句意：罕见的四叶草被认为是幸运的象征。定冠词 the 放在单数名词前表示某一类事物。

26、14. 单选题Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I （ ） your advice.问题1选项A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have followed【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，从句的动词形式是 had + 过去分词。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题（ ）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法

27、。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Digging the foundation is the first （ ）of our building project.问题1选项A.processionB.solutionC.phaseD.achievement【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。procession “行列；游行”；solution “解决”；phase “阶段”；achievement “成就；成绩”。句意：我们工程的第一

28、个阶段是挖地基。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsibl

29、e citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis;col

30、lege students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the yo

31、ung people themselves they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because o

32、ur economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22- year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the o

33、nly place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal,

34、or quick to learn things maybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone

35、 to college or not. This is heresy （异端邪说）to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the passage, the author believes that（ ）2.In the Line 2, the 2nd paragraph, “those w

36、ho dont fit the pattern” refers to（ ）3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because（ ）4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that（ ）5.In this passage the author argues that（ ） .问题1选项A.people used to question the value of college educat

37、ionB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates went to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high-school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college stud

38、ents who arent any better for their higher educationD.High school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people have little motivation in pursuing a hi

39、gher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students have to earn their own livingD.college

40、 administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high schoolgraduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people

41、D.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到不止一代人认为接受大学教育是无可争议的，所有高中毕业生都应该去上大学，因为大学会让他们赚更多的钱，成为更好的人。选项B说过去的人们对高等教育充满信心，符合题意。2.第二段第二句话的前半句 And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending “既然有差不多一半的高中生都去上大学”，pattern 在这里显

42、然就是指第一段提到的“上大学能让自己变好，赚更多钱”这个模式，don fit the pattern就是与之相反的，就是上大学并没有使他们变好，所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段 others find no simulation in their studies, and drop out 是学生辍学的原因，因为他们找不到学习的动力，选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段主要讲高等教育失败的原因，既有个人的原因，也有社会的原因。Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absor

43、b an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22-year-olds, either. 这句话主要表达的意思是社会无法给毕业生提供就业岗位，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到一些敢于挑战传统的教育家和校园观察员公开建议说大学也许不是那些完成高中课程的年轻人最合适的唯一的去处，尽管这种想法被认为是异端邪说，但是已经有越来越多的证据来证明其正确性。所以选项A符合题意。18. 单选题The

44、 owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not（ ） to work locally.问题1选项A.compelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；oblige “强制，强迫”；restrict “限制”； repel “击退，抵制”。句意：汽车车主不再被迫依靠公共交通工具，因此不限于在本地工作。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题Will there ever be a

45、nother Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Ei

46、nstein hasnt been born yet,or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working a

47、gainst another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to share.Education

48、 is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher

49、 himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (IE) or specialist and a real seeker after truth，” Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein woul

50、d furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewarding efforts.“ M

51、aybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene,“ but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at

52、 the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll find the solution. ”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations

53、signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file. ”1.What do scientists seem to agree upon,

54、 judging from the first two paragraphs?2.What was critical to Einsteins success?3.What does the author tell us about physicists today?4.What does Brian Greene imply by saying “it would be a lot harder for him to be heard”(Para. 9) ?5.When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein （ ）.问题1选项A.Einstein

55、 pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B.It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.C.No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D.It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.问题2选项A.His talent as an accomplished musician.B.His independent and abstract thin

56、king.C.His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D.His solid foundation in math theory.问题3选项A.They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.B.They are very good at solving practical problems.C.They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.D.They often go into fields yielding gre

57、ater financial benefits.问题4选项A.People have to compete in order to get their papers published.B.It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.C.Papers like Einsteins would unlikely get published today.D.Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.问题5选项A.forgot to make fo

58、otnotes and citationsB.was little known in academic circlesC.was known as a young genius in math calculationsD.knew nothing about the format of academic papers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第三句话 A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. “科学家们说一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现。但是需要

59、很长一段时间”，根据这句话可知选项D符合题意。2.文章第五段提到了爱因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年时期他时常阅读卡特、叔本华、斯宾诺莎这些哲学家的作品。这些作品教会了他如何独立以及抽象地去思考时间与空间。由此可推知爱因斯坦“独立以及抽象的思维”是他成功的关键。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第八段提到There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical and rewardi

60、ng efforts. 今天的物理学家们很多都去华尔街和硅谷，把他们的分析能力运用到了实践，并且不断努力来获得（经济）回报。选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到如果我们收到像爱因斯坦那样纸上都是演算公式，没有脚注，没有参考文献的科学论文(get papers like those)，我们会把这些直接放到垃圾邮件里（junk file）。由此可以推知，Brian Greene是在暗示现在的学术环境人们不会接受看似非常荒唐的想法。选项D符合题意。5.文章倒数第三段 “by a virtual unkown”,指的是当时的爱因斯坦还默默无闻，选项B符合题意。20. 单选题Mary was taken in on more than one occasion, for she would （ ）any story.问题1选项A.swallowB.speculateC.gropeD.distort【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。swallow “忍受，吞没”；speculate “推测，投机，思索”；grope “摸索，探索”；distort “扭曲，使失真”。句意：玛丽不止一次被骗，因为她容易轻信任何故事。选项A符合题意。