2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及模拟押密卷15（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 写作题Directions: “Go West, Young Man” was a popular saying of the 19 century in the United States, referring to opportunities on the frontier. Today in China, there is also a great need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the

2、western region development. Write on the Answer Sheet an essay of about 150 words to discuss the significance of the development of West China. The suggested title is Go West, Revitalize Our Nation.【答案】Go West, Revitalize Our NationThe western region development is a key move the State Council has t

3、aken, to achieve the balance and co-ordinate development of economy in the difference region all over China. It can contribute to national employment as well as economic growth of the western region. Therefore, the western region is in great need for an army of talents who will be dedicated to their

4、 youth and blood, in particular, earlier stage of development.For the western progress and prosperity, young people should catch the chance to become pioneers there and to achieve their own value rather than enjoy good living condition in cities. There exist a variety of resources to be required for

5、 exploiting and utilizing. There it is full of business opportunities to demonstrate your ability and make your dream come true.If you are a fresh graduate, if you aspire to do big things, if you commit yourself to revitalizing our nation, go to the western region where its development can4 carry on

6、 without your knowledge, enthusiasm and devotion. The west calls for you! Young people.2. 单选题His eighth book came out earlier this year and was a(n) （ ） bestseller.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】B【解析】swift快的，敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的；instant立即的，即时的；timely及时的，适时的；punctual准时的。句意：今年他的第八本书在今年早些时候出版了，并迅速成为

7、畅销书。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题We are not on very good （ ） with the people next door.问题1选项A.friendshipB.relationsC.willD.terms【答案】D【解析】ongood/badtermswith为固定词组, 意思是“和.关系很好/不和”。句意：我们和邻居的关系不是很好。4. 单选题Charles Weiss, program director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D. C.,

8、was the banks science adviser in the early 1980s. he believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the banks president

9、, and partly because the bank is now been to promote knowledge-based development.Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank possesses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top

10、-ranked researchers headhunted from universities. The quantity and quality of the banks research is consistently high.But this more analytical aspect of the banks work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm-known as operationswhich has generally considered research to be a function of lendi

11、ng, rather than an activity in its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work operations.This tension between the research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for

12、 a new department for science is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should be part of the lending portfolio of all of the banks departments.Some operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the banks research profile or fun

13、ding research in developing countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer countries which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new

14、 strategy. The richer countries of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive than poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 per cent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this

15、decade.1.Which of the following is True according to Paragraph 1?2.We can infer from the passage that( ).3.One of the challenges for raising the hanks research profile lies in ( ) .4.The word “infrastructure” (Paragraph 5) most probably refers to ( ) .5.The best title of the passage may be( ) .问题1选项

16、A.The World Bank used to attach importance to research in the early 1980s.B.The banks senior executives are in favor of Charles Weisss promotion.C.The bank is now keen to establish a new department for science.D.James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the banks research resources.问题2选项A.top-ran

17、ked researchers were eager to work in operationsB.the lending wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activityC.the new strategy has had a successful result in some developed countriesD.science has long been overshadowed because the banks research work was not efficient问题3选项A.lack o

18、f investment in scienceB.the reaction from senior executivesC.the lending wings negative attitudeD.low credit ratings问题4选项A.the basic facilities, services, and installationsB.the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entityC.an underlying base or foundationD.something constructed问题5选项A.

19、Research Portfolio of the World BankB.A New Strategy of the World BankC.Tension between Two WingsD.Lending Operations in Developing Countries【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“he believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own

20、efforts.”他相信, 这一使银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功。说明银行想要建立一个新的科学部门。选项C符合原文。选项B高管不是支持Charles的晋升, 而是支持他的研究, 所以表述错误。选项A和D在第一段没有提及。2.选项A文中只提到“In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work operations.”一半的研究人员被派往业务部门工作, 并没有提到是他们想去的, 所以表述错误；根据最后一段的内容可知, 发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的重要考验。因为在相对贫穷的国家, 近50%的世行援助项目在这十年中都失败了。

21、所以选项C错误；根据第三段的第一句“But this.by its lending arm-known as operations”不是因为研究工作的效率不高, 而是因为业务部门认为研究是贷款的一种功能, 而不是一项独立的活动。所以选项D错误, 选项B正确。3.根据第五段的最后一句“ because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.”因为这些国家的信用评级较低, 很难获得私人资本。选项D正确。4.infrastructure指基础的设施设备和服务, 选项A正确。5.文章主要讲的是世界银行的新战略

22、以及战略目前面临的困境, 选项B符合原文。选项C描述太广泛, 不是很恰当。选项A和D都是小片段, 所以也不正确。5. 单选题These goods are sold at reduced prices, （ ） .问题1选项A.the defects are pointed out to the customersB.the defects pointed out to the customersC.the defects have been pointed out to the customersD.the defects being pointed out to the customers

23、【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。6. 单选题Neptune is about thirty times as far from the Sun （ ） .问题1选项A.is the EarthB.the Earth isC.is as the EarthD.as is the Earth【答案】D【解析】考查倍数的表达方式。倍数+ as.as.，首先排除选项A和B，前后结构保持一致，所以选项D正确。7. 单选题A child who has once been pleased with a

24、tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and

25、 the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the letter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy

26、 stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impresses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated

27、cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories

28、 on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I mu

29、st confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.

30、 No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.1.According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to （ ）.2.In the second-paragraph, which statement best expresses the authors attitude towards fairy stories?3

31、.According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to （ ） .4.If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be （ ） .5.The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that （ ） .问题1选项A.tell it in a creative wayB.take

32、 from it what the child likesC.add to it whatever at handD.read it out of the story book问题2选项A.He sees in them the worst of human nature.B.He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.C.He dislikes everything about them.D.He is expectant of the experimental results.问题3选项A.make children aggressive

33、 the whole lifeB.incite destructiveness in childrenC.function as a safety valve for childrenD.add childrens enjoyment of cruelty to others问题4选项A.scared to deathB.taking it and even enjoying itC.suffering more the pain of fearD.dangerously terrified问题5选项A.old fairy stories keep updating themselves to

34、 cater for modern needsB.fairy stories have claimed many lives of victimsC.fairy stories have thrown our world into chaosD.fairy stories are after all fairy stories【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book,（所以选项D错误） and, if a par

35、ent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time（所以选项C错误） and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.”讲故事总比读故事要好得多, 而且, 如果父母能够根据当时的实际情况以及孩子自身的特点进行发挥, 那就更好了。选项A更符合原文。2.第二段主要讲童话故事通过吓唬孩子或激起孩子的虐待冲动来伤害孩子, 所以读过童话故事的孩子比没读过的孩子更容易犯下残忍的罪行, 说明作者看到了人性最坏的一面,

36、选项A符合原文。选项B, C, D都错误。3.根据第二段后半部分内容, “Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”孩子们第一次听到某些童话故事会被吓坏, 但熟悉之后, 就会把痛苦的恐惧转化成快乐的恐惧, 能够面对并掌控恐惧。由此说明童话故事可能会煽动儿童的破坏性。选项B正确。4.根据第二段的最后一句“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain o

37、f fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”熟悉之后, 孩子们就会把痛苦的恐惧转化成快乐的恐惧, 能够面对并掌控恐惧。选项B符合原文。5.根据文中倒数第二段的最后几句话提到的坐在扫帚上从纽约飞到费城, 或者亲吻电话认为那就是他们被施予了魔法的女朋友, 说明如果童话故事是真的, 那么我们的世界会陷入一片混乱, 但童话故事毕竟只是童话故事, 所以选项D相对于选项C来说, 更符合原文。8. 单选题The longitudinal study demonstrates that students who receive ESL (Eng

38、lish as a second language) instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native language. A comparison of the three-year exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who recei

39、ve instruction in their native language, regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example, 79.3 percent of the children who entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only 51.5 percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise, 72.9 pe

40、rcent of the LEP (limited English proficiency) students who entered programs in the first grade tested out, while only 38.5 of those in bilingual programs did. For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade, 91.6 percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadnt tested ou

41、t after three years, as compared with 78.1 percent of those in ESL classes.Furthermore, children who had been in ESL classes tested 4 higher in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruction. Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or t

42、he first grade, 49 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level, while only 32 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes performed that well. In math, the statistics are even more impressive. Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, more

43、 than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes.Naturally, the study provoked a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vocal bilingual lobby, which prompted the New Yor

44、k City Board of Education to issue a paper in November 1994 mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction between students in ESL and bilingual education programs. Rather than exit rates, this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in

45、 bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below average on the English-language test, their scores in all areas showed improvement; they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions.Howe

46、ver, a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of 1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the 26, 248 students who were examined the previous school year in Chinese, Spanish, or Haitian Creole. According to this document, only 16.6 percent of these children were p

47、erforming at or above grade level in mathematics. Although this figure represents an improvement of 1.1 percent over the scores of the previous year, it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject are areas. Although LEP students are improving

48、faster than the national norm, they continue to perform far below the norm.1.This text is mainly ( ).2.From Paragraph 1 we learn that ( ).3.The author believes (Paragraph 2) that ( ).4.It can be inferred that the paper mentioned in Paragraph 4 ( ).5.According to the NY 1995 report, it is unbelievabl

49、e that ( ).问题1选项A.a review of ESL, bilingual and LEP instructionsB.a survey of new approaches to subject instructionsC.about the merits of LEP education programD.about the achievements of bilingual and ESL programs问题2选项A.ESL instruction could test students faster than LEP instructionB.LEP students p

50、erformed worse than did ESL studentsC.native-language instruction classes seemed to fail utterlyD.the data of the longitudinal study were likely tentative问题3选项A.ESL children tested higher in English than LEP childrenB.bilingual programs failed the students performing well in mathC.the math data are

51、still more credible than those on EnglishD.bilingual classes had 54% of students exiting from grade level问题4选项A.has devalued the findings of the longitudinal studyB.has dimmed the differences between students in different programsC.focuses on the subject achievements of LEP studentsD.seeks out the i

52、nsufficient points in the longitudinal study问题5选项A.a great number of multilingual students were examined accuratelyB.native-language instruction keeps performing well in subjectsC.any document on subject instructions can draw valid conclusionsD.LEP students are improving faster than the national nor

53、m【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.观察全文可发现大量的ESL, LEP关键词, 所以首先排除选项B。然后根据原文内容, 作者花大量的篇幅进行了ESL和LEP的数据对比, 所以选项A本文主要是对ESL、双语和LEP的教学回顾, 正确。2.根据第一段的第二句“. shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language.”对ES

54、L和双语课程学生三年的退学率进行比较后发现, 接受ESL教学的学生比接受母语教学的学生考试更快、比例更高。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后一句“more than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes.”超过69%的上过ESL课程的学生最终表现在年级水平或以上,而相反的, 上过双语班的有54%的人在年级水平以

55、下, 由此推断选项D正确。4.最后一段提到的关于关于纽约全市数学考试成绩的报告, 它驳斥了那种认为母语教学在某些领域一直保持年级水平的观点。尽管LEP学生的进步快于全国标准, 但他们的表现仍然远远低于标准。这是指出了纵向研究中的不足之处。选项B正确。5.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject are areas. ”这项报告驳斥了那种认为母语教学在某些领域一直保持年级水平的观点。所以选B。9. 单选题Th

56、e bus that （ ） outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.问题1选项A.held backB.pulled upC.got downD.set forth【答案】B【解析】held back阻碍；pulled up停下来, 拔起；got down下来；set forth提出, 陈述。句意：停在旅馆外面的巴士很快就会把游客带到市中心。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题To a highly imaginative writer, （ ） is a pad of paper and a pen.问题1选项A.all are

57、 requiredB.all which is requiredC.all is requiredD.all that is required【答案】D【解析】句意：对于一个富有想象力的作家来说, 他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C, 句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。11. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.

58、conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified识别, 辨认;guaranteed保证;notified通知, 告知;conveyed传达。句意：尽管一些可能会导致癌症的条件已经得到确认, 但最根本的原因还不知道。12. 单选题All individuals are required to（ ） to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】obey遵守, 及物动词;conform遵从, 遵守, 不及物动词;concede承认,让步;observe观察。句意：所有人

59、都要遵守政府制定的法律规范。因此, 本题选B。13. 单选题The overcrowded living conditions（ ） a heavy strain on the family.问题1选项A.setB.putC.madeD.pressed【答案】B【解析】put a heavy strain on sb.为惯用搭配, 指对某人来说是一个沉重的负担。这里指：过度拥挤的生活条件给这个家庭造成了沉重的负担。14. 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.S

60、wedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词或分词, 名词等类别词名词中心词。根据规则, 选项A正确。15. 单选题_ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.问题1选项A.InB.AtC.OnD.With【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。at the sight of相当于on seeing.指一看见.就.。句意

61、：那些人一看见警察就跑了。in the sight of sb.指在某人看来, 不符合句意。所以本题选B。16. 单选题A good teacher must know how to _ his ideas.问题1选项A.conveyB.displayC.consultD.confront【答案】A【解析】convey传达，表达；display显示，陈列；consult查阅，商量；confront面对，遭遇。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何表达他的想法。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题Hurricanes form over the tropical oceanic regions where th

62、e Sun heats huge masses of moist air. An ascending spiral motion results, in the same manner as described in tornado formation. When the moisture of the rising air condenses, the latent heat provides additional energy and more air rises up the column. This latent heat is a chief source of the hurricanes energy and is readily available from the condensation of the moist air of its source region.Unlike the tornado, a hurricane gains energy from its source