2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第190期

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries （ ）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。break up “打碎，分手”； finish “完成”； cut out“切断，删去”； break off “中断”。句意：这次边境冲突导致这两个国家在1965年中断了外交关系。由border incident可推知

2、这两国中断了外交关系。答案D2. 单选题Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in

3、their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and body guards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported for, like Royalty pop stars are new

4、s. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearance in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but pub

5、lic property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice can not be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary famous stars enjoying fame, wealth adulation on

6、 an unprecedented scale. By todays standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the film of the past ever did. The competition for the title “Top of the Pop” is fierce, but the rewards are truly coloss

7、al!It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency-often more than large industrial concerns-and the taxman can only be grateful for their ma

8、ssive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?Its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For

9、every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a

10、man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the

11、 recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise.1.What is the authors attitude toward top stars high income?2.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the text?4.A

12、ccording to the author, one who dreams of being a star should be aware that（ ）.问题1选项A.ApprovalB.Disapproved.C.ronicalD.Indifferent.问题2选项A.there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top of the PopsB.people are blind in idolizing starsC.successful pop stars give great entertainmentD.pops stars

13、 usually try to avoid paying tax问题3选项A.Pop stars get high-income repayment but are taxed less.B.Great contribution made by pop stars is limited to entertainment industry.C.Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.D.Pop stars shouldnt enjoy the life of royalty.问题4选项A.first he should look for a

14、 steady job with a pensionB.at last many people can climb to the very topC.great efforts will surely be rewarded with complete successD.the essence of private enterprise is huge risks probably bringing high rewards【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由最后一段“But he knows, too, that the rewards for su

15、ccess are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. 但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，这些回报也是应得的。”可知作者认同这种观点即高风险与高回报是并存的。答案A第2题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The competition for the title Top of the Pop is fierce流行音乐之巅的竞争非常激烈

16、”，可知A项正确，答案A。第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. 发表嫉妒言论的人应该记住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。”可知C项正确，答案C。第4题:推理判断题。由文章末尾“He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete. But he knows, too, that the re

17、wards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise. 他知道多年的集中努力可能会得到完全的回报。但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，他肯定是应得的。这就是个人事业的本质。”可知作者认为个人事业的高风险和高回报并存，这是梦想成为明星

18、的人该注意的地方。故D项正确。3. 单选题One study found that job applicants who make more eye contacts are （ ）as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.问题1选项A.referredB.perceivedC.recommendedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。referred 提到，关系到；perceived感觉，认为； recommended 推荐，劝告； presumed 以为，假定。句意：一项研究发现，眼神接触多的求职者会被视为更有

19、警觉、独立、自信和有责任心。B项符合句意，答案B4. 单选题Though he views himself as a realist, Cetron says his findings make him very（ ）about future.问题1选项A.optimisticB.sympatheticC.objectiveD.precautious【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 optimistic “乐观的”； sympathetic“有同情心的”； objective“客观的”；precautious“警惕的，谨慎的” 。句意：尽管认为自己是一个现实主义者，Cetron称他的发现让自己

20、对未来非常乐观。由转折词Though 及realist “现实主义者”可知空格处所填单词意思应与realist相反，现实主义者一般对未来不持乐观态度，故选项中“乐观的”正确，答案A5. 单选题Much （ ）I liked Jane, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me.问题1选项A.whileB.asC.sinceD.for【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。 while 虽然； as同样；much as表示虽然，即使；since 既然； for 为了。句意：尽管我喜欢Jane, 但我讨厌她有时跟我说话高傲的语气。由

21、like 和hated可知，这是一种转折关系，故答案B6. 单选题Marcia and Bill were （ ）of the presidents scholarship for fine arts.问题1选项A.creatorsB.donorsC.recipientsD.instigators【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。creator “创造者，创建者”；donor “捐赠者”；recipient “接受者”；instigator “煽动者，教唆者”。句意：Marcia和Bill是美术领域的总统奖学金的接受者。C项符合句意，答案C7. 单选题A large portion of the

22、 population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges cou

23、ld have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.In addition to improved esteem, psychologists have argued that prescription privileges will bring them greater financial rewards. Data presented by the American Psychiatric Association revealed that psychiatrists engaging solely in

24、 psycho-therapeutic interventions earn approximately one-third of what psychiatrists do who evaluate and medicate patients. The temptation of financial rewards may lure psychologists to abandon traditional psychotherapeutic interventions in favor of a medical model. It should be noted,though, that p

25、sychologists are out-producing psychiatrists by about threefold, strong evidence that the general public prefers a psycho-therapeutic approach over a medical one.Some psychologists argue that gaining the right to prescribe psychotropic medication would eliminate the need for two practitioners and al

26、leviate the added financial burden placed upon the patients. In the case of psychologists whose caseloads are high gaining prescription privileges may raise questions as to whether they should refer patients to a non-prescribing mental health professional for therapy because these psychologists incr

27、easingly are focusing on evaluations and medication, thus limiting their time for psycho-therapeutic interventions. Psychotropic medications are not purported to cure mental disorders and. in most cases, such drugs are utilized in conjunction with therapy as the best approach to treating patients.Le

28、gal and ethical issues associated with psychologists prescribing privileges will depend upon the level of practice they pursue. In the past, psychologists had been relatively immune from malpractice liability. Allegations that improper care caused injury are more difficult to prove when psychotherap

29、y is the treatment of choice because the standards often are ambiguous and mental injury is difficult to ascertain. When psychopharmacology is the treatment of choice, the standard of care is clearer and the likelihood of physical harm is greater, thereby making ii easier for plaintiffs to prove the

30、ir allegations. Psychiatric malpractice rates currently are up to 24 times higher than psychological malpractice coverage, depending upon the state.1.The author mentioned data presented by the American Psychiatric Association I (Paragraph 2) in order to（ ）.2.It seems that if psychologists began pres

31、cribing medications（ ）.3.Malpractice allegations would increase once psychologists gained the right to prescribe because（ ）.4.The author implies that（ ）.问题1选项A.point out the merit of the psychologists prescription privilegesB.cite authoritative evidence to gain support for medical treatmentC.show wh

32、y some psychologists are in favor of gaining the right to prescribeD.indicate the different situation for two practitioners问题2选项A.they would have more patients and get more financial rewardsB.they would find out the best approach to curing mental disordersC.many of their patients would shoulder more

33、 financial burdenD.many of their patients would prefer traditional psycho-therapeutic interventions.问题3选项A.medical drugs might cause greater mental injuryB.patients would be more likely to get physical harmC.clients would find it easier to prove injury caused by improper careD.psychologists would no

34、 longer be immune from prosecution问题4选项A.the general public shows more respect for those psychologists who seldom medicate patientsB.psychologists prescription privileges remain a disputable issueC.most psychiatrists are satisfied with their earningsD.psychotherapy should be the first choice to trea

35、t mental diseases【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“In addition to improved esteem, psychologists have argued that prescription privileges will bring them greater financial rewards. 除了提高自尊，心理学家认为，处方特权会给他们带来更大的经济回报。”可知一些心理医生更希望获得处方权是因为这能给他们带来更多的钱财报酬。之后作者用数据论证该论点。答案C第2题:细节事实题。“If psychologists be

36、gan prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. 如果心理学家开始开药，许多寻求替代治疗的患者可能会转向社会工作者或其他非医疗治疗师。”可知D项正确。第3题:细节事实题。从第四段“When psychopharmacology is the treatment of choice, the standard of care is clearer and the

37、 likelihood of physical harm is greater, thereby making it easier for plaintiffs to prove their allegations. Psychiatric malpractice rates currently are up to 24 times higher than psychological malpractice coverage, depending upon the state. 当人们选择精神药物学治疗时，护理标准更清晰，身体伤害的可能性更大，从而使原告更容易证明他们的指控。根据各州的情况，精

38、神科医疗事故的发生率比精神科医疗事故的覆盖率高24倍。”可知当心理学家获得处方权，即成为精神药物学家时，医疗事故的指控会增多，因为人们更容易找到由于护理不当对身体造成的伤害的控诉证据。故C项正确。第4题:主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段提到了如果心理医生获得开处方的权利，那么将会对这种职业产生深远影响，并且指出大部分人喜欢传统的心理疗法，而非药物治疗。第三段提到了药物治疗的好处，最后一段提到了药物治疗的弊端即造成医疗事故的控诉不断增多。故作者认为药物治疗是存在争议的。B项正确。ACD三项在文中都未提及。8. 单选题This document is （ ）unless it is officiall

39、y stamped.问题1选项A.invalidB.acuteC.deliberateD.confidential【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。 invalid “无效的”；acute “严重的”；deliberate “故意的”； confidential “机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless 这个条件可知A项正确。9. 写作题People all over the world spend time surfing the Internet. Sometimes, surfing the Internet has replaced mor

40、e active pastimes such as sports or visiting with friends.Write a composition of no less than 250 words and discuss, whether life on Internet has had a good or bad effect on peoples daily life.Your composition should be based on the following outline:.Good effect.Bad effect.Conclusion. 【答案】The Inter

41、net and Its Effects on Peoples Daily LifeThroughout the 20thcentury, as one of the most advanced innovations ill the area of information technology, Internet has exerted an extremely important influence on peoples production and social activities. In recent years, were witnessed a rapid growth in th

42、e popularity of Internet and we may say, we have already entered the Internet era. Whether, however, life on Internet has a good or bad effect on peoples daily life? Admittedly, there are both advantages and disadvantages.Definitely, its convenience and practicality are of great significance for us.

43、 Firstly, it is Internet that makes it possible for people to adapt to the rapid development of high-tech society and to be provided with the availability of knowledge and information from all over the world. With its richness of information, the Internet provided us with chances to know about the w

44、orld and to expand our horizon without leaving home. In addition, the internet connects the computers around the world, and people can talk with and see each other easily and cheaply, even across the ocean. Moreover, many hospitals and train stations have opened their own ticket booking systems to r

45、educe the length of the queue before their owns to reduce.However, Internet is also like a double-edged sword. At first, in the spare time, People prefer to surf the Internet all the day rather than do some outdoor activities with their friends, such as having a picnic or playing football. It may be

46、 a dangerous signal that less communication in actual life is bringing about coldness of interpersonal relationships. Besides, there are some bad guys who may take advantage of the internet to do something bad, such as spreading porn materials to the children, abducting naive girls through online ch

47、atting rooms, and making school age boys addict to the online games.In conclusion, Internet is the trend in our daily life. We can benefit most from it only if we take good advantages of Internet and try to be careful enough to keep the potential bad effects away. 10. 单选题Even though strong evidence

48、has proved the nicotine to be（ ）, the tobacco company still insists that its products are harmless.问题1选项A.solubleB.deficientC.addictiveD.skeptical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。soluble “可溶解的，可解决的”； deficient “不足的，有缺陷的”； addictive “上瘾的”； skeptical “怀疑的”。句意：即使有力的证据已证实尼古丁让人上瘾，但是这家烟草公司仍然声称它的产品是无害的。由even though表转折及har

49、mless可知空格处意思与harmless性质相反，再根据尼古丁的特点，可知“尼古丁让人上瘾”。答案C11. 单选题Since the couple couldnt （ ）their difference, they decided to get a divorce.问题1选项A.reviseB.resumeC.reconcileD.repel【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。 revise“更正，修改”； resume“（中断后）重新开始”； reconcile “使和解，调解”；repel “击退”。句意：那对夫妇不能和解分歧，所以决定离婚。C项符合题意，答案C12. 翻译题很多情况下人们

50、谈话时，总是争着表现自己，这类交谈对双方鲜有裨益。当人们谈话时，不要花时间思考你接着要说什么，而要设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说了那些话，你从那些话中能学到什么，你对说那些话的人又能了解到什么等等。长辈们成长的世界和你成长的世界迥然不同，那个世界也许你不大了解。他们和来自我国其他地区及其他国家的人们都有重要的观察事物的方法，它们可以丰富你的生活。【答案】In many cases, people in a conversation often strive to reveal oneself, such conversation will have few benefits t

51、o each other. During a conversation, dont spend the time thinking about what youre going to say next, instead try to understand what theyre saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn from them, etc. Older people grow up in a world which is very different from yours, you may

52、not know very well about that world. Both them and people from other parts of our country as well as from other nations, have important ways of looking at things which can enrich your life. 13. 单选题After the examination, the doctor （ ）a prescription for me.问题1选项A.wrote outB.wrote inC.wrote downD.wrot

53、e off【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。 write out “写出，写下”；write in“写信提出（要求）”； write down写下，记下；write off 勾销，取消。句意：医生给我检查完身体后，迅速给我开了处方。此句句意为写出处方。答案A14. 单选题In spite of the （ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲观的； miserable悲惨的

54、；shadowy朦胧的，有阴影的；obscure模糊的，晦涩的。句意：尽管经济前景暗淡，但是制造业产量却略有上升。由in spite of 及risen可知，前后为让步关系，故该空应与risen意思相反，并且能修饰经济前景的只有A项。答案A15. 单选题Why in an age of technology, should so many people still cling to an ancient belief? In part it must be because astrology （占星术）claims to tell us something about ourselves, a

55、nd all of us are interested in ourselves. I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this.In fact，astrology was never a science. It was not a hypothesis or theory developed to describe natural phenomena, and until fa

56、irly recent times, there was no attempt to test or verify its predictions. Astrology began approximately three thousand years ago in Babylonia, it was applied to monarchs and kingdoms, but not to individuals. It spread in the 6th century BC as Far as India, where it flourishes today. The Egyptians,

57、meanwhile, developed their own kind of astrology. But the astrology now practiced in Europe and America is that developed by the Greeks, who synthesized the ideas of Babylonians and Egyptians and enriched them with concepts from their own fertile imaginations. The Greeks believed that the earth was

58、composed of four elements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planets themselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or at least manifestations of gods. The gods were immortal, but otherwise had the same attributes of anger, happiness, jealousy, rage and pleasu

59、re as we do. Now if what the gods thought was capricious （变化无 常的），at least the planets were predictable in their movements. Because our own lot in life is so unpredictable, it must be purely at the mercy of gods. But if the gods are the planets, or somehow associated with them, then we have only to

60、learn the rules of the motions of the planets to understand the whims of the gods and how they shape our own lives. So the belief developed that each of our lives is preordained by the precise configuration of the planets in the sky at the time of our birth.Astrology could not, of course, have seeme

61、d as incredible to the ancients as it does to us .The role of the sun influencing our daily and yearly lives is obvious; it was a natural extension to attribute other powers to the other planets as well. It wasnt until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celest

62、ial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology.1.Many people are misled by astrology because it is presented by the practitioners as（ ）.2.It is implied that astrology is based on the belief that（ ）.3.Which of the following is TRUE ab

63、out the scholars before the time of Newton?4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.a theory that can describe natural phenomenaB.a magical key to understand themselvesC.an ancient belief that had long been applied to monarchsD.a mysterious power beyond the explanation of science问题2选项A.the gods intentions were hard to predictB.the fate of our lives were unpredictableC.the gods are closely related to the planetsD.the gods have