2022年考博英语-清华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第5期

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have（ ）no further details about the accident.问题1选项A.comprisedB.formulatedC.releasedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。comprised 包含，由.组成；formulated 构想出，规划；released 发布，发行；incorporated 包含，把.合并。根据句意可

2、知警方是没有“发布”消息。故选C。2. 单选题The speaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题The United Nation Law of th

3、e Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abstract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。4.

4、单选题To our（ ）, Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.问题1选项A.reliefB.viewC.anxietyD.judgment【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。后半句说: Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared, 即杰弗里的病没有我们担心的那么严重。因此推测前面应该是 “我们松了一口气”。to our relief为固定搭配, 表示 “松了一口气”。5. 单选题Britain has the highest（ ）

5、 of road traffic in the world over 60 cars for every mile of road.问题1选项A.popularityB.prosperityC.intensityD.density【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。popularity 普遍，流行；prosperity兴旺，繁荣；intensity 强烈，剧烈；density 密集，稠密，密度。根据后面一句over 60 cars for every mile of road(每英里有60多辆汽车), 推测D项正确。6. 单选题Some African Americans have had a pr

6、ofound impact on American society, changing many peoples views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky

7、, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger （趾高气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in

8、1965, changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U. S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinsons disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam followi

9、ngthe September 11 terrorist attacks.W. E. B. Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Col

10、ored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis” magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk,” published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20th century would be the problem of the color-line. Martin Luther King J

11、r. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement. He spearheaded (带头，做先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans attitudes toward race relat

12、ions. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after h

13、is death in 1965. Interest in the leadersurged again after Spike Lees 1992 movie “Malcolm X” was released.Jackie Robinson In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement from baseb

14、all in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.1.Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?2.The italicized word “prolific” (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to（ ）.3.According

15、 to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?4.What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?5.Which of the following can be a title of the passage?问题1选项A.He never served in the army.B.He learned to fight at an early age.C.His popularity decreased after his retiremen

16、t from boxing.D.He loves peace.问题2选项A.smartB.skilledC.productiveD.pioneering问题3选项A.W . E . B . Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B.Jackie Robinson was denied by U. S. major baseball leagues throughout his life.C.Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for h

17、is contributions to the civil rights movements.D.Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death.问题4选项A.Each achieved enormous success in his / her field and was highly recognized.B.Each was devoted to his / her cause but didnt win recognition until death.C.All

18、were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D.All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.问题5选项A.Life of Famous African AmericansB.Influence of Famous African AmericansC.Political Pioneers: Icons and IntellectualsD.Cultural Pioneers: Icons and Intellectuals【答案】第1题:C

19、第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended( Ali 在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals, 原文第三段第二句wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarlyarticles可知，这里要表达的是 “丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie

20、段落，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier .first black baseball player(Jackie Robinson打破了肤色障碍, 成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。7. 单选题Artificial intelligence deals partly with the （ ）between the computer and the human bra

21、in.问题1选项A.profileB.mightyC.analogyD.leakage【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy （类似，相似）符合句意。8. 单选题The government decided to take a(n) （ ）action to strengthen the market management.问题1选项A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。diverse 多样的，变化多的；durable 持久的，耐用的；epidemic 流行的,传染的；drastic

22、激烈的,大刀阔斧式的。句意:政府应该采取（ ）措施加强市场管理。take a drastic action 意为“进行大刀阔斧的改革”。9. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。10.

23、单选题The industry has pumped（ ）amounts of money into political campaigns，making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.问题1选项A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。potential 潜在的，有潜力的；substantial 大量的；客观的；massive 大而重的，大块的；traditional 传统的。此处substan

24、tial形容amounts of money （很大一笔钱）。11. 单选题The difference between avian flu and human flu that should be commanding our rapt attention today is that avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain known as bird flu, threatens to become the young peoples plague. And it is a growing contender to cause a deva

25、stating worldwide pandemic in the next few years.We are too used to thinking of flu as an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly. But that just isnt the case for H5N1. With a mortality rate of over 50 percent, this bird flu has killed over 110 people, striking the young and able-bodi

26、ed the hardest. Its victims cluster predominantly among 5- to-30-year-old, a pattern that has held up in the 34 known to have died from bird flu so far this year.This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young. The victims overreact to the alien virus, tri

27、ggering a massive immune response called a cytokine storm, turning healthy lungs into a sodden mass of dying tissues congested with blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells. As air spaces choke off, the body loses oxygen and other organs fail.Scientists have recently shown that H5N1 has

28、ominous parallels with the devastating 1918 flu pandemic, which also jumped directly to humans from birds and disproportionately attacked the young and the strong. With a pattern highly suggestive of a cytokine storm, death sometimes came within just hours, turning many World War I troop ships into

29、death ships.Now imagine hundreds of thousands of young people laboring on respirators, or lying alone in corridors and makeshift hospital rooms, too sick to be helped when the supply of beds, equipment, and trained staff run out. Seem like hype? Not to the medical experts who discussed these scenari

30、os during last weeks t/. 5*. News Health Summit on emergency preparedness.This picture puts a face on the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, projections that, ifH5N1 mutates into a readily human-transmissible from 209, 000 to 1.9 million Americans could die. Part of our readiness thinkin

31、g should be to heed the blunt words of HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt at the summit: Any family or community that fails to prepare for the worst, with the expectation that the federal or state government will come to the rescue, will be “tragically wrong.” In a pandemic, the governments medical resou

32、rces will be stretched thin, and it wont be able to guarantee first-line help to any hometown, local hospital, or college campus. Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu, the antiviral that is the best we have to prevent or lessen the impact of the illness, has its limits. If a college student is hos

33、pitalized with a possible H5N1 infection, the feds will provide drugs. But they will not make it available to fend off the virus in the many others who may have come in close contact with the infected student. In the existing federal guidance on H5N1, the young and healthy fall into the lowest-prior

34、ity group for antiviral drugs and vaccines. Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge up their own stockpiles. Containing possible outbreaks on college campuses may be all but impossible. Social distancing avoiding close contact with other people with air kisses instead of smooch

35、es, or even by donning masks and gloves will be tough to enforce.The threat poses a uniquely difficult challenge. In the best of all scenarios, the virus will lose its fury and leave in its wake a new culture of individual and community preparedness. But we need to get ready now, and not for the bes

36、t scenario but for the worst.1.The difference between avian flu and human flu is that（ ） .2.The reason that bird flu strikes the young and able-bodied the hardest may be（ ） .3.According to the author, which is the best source that college students can rely upon if there are outbreaks of bird flu on

37、college campuses?4.We can learn from the passage that（ ） .问题1选项A.the avian flu should be commanding our rapt attentionB.the avian flu mainly threatens the young peopleC.the avian flu is to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few yearsD.the avian flu is an annual annoyance that kills o

38、nly the frail and elderly问题2选项A.the body loses oxygen and other organs failB.a sodden mass of dying tissuesC.the enthusiastic immune systems of the youngD.the overreaction of blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells问题3选项A.The national stockpile of Tamiflu.B.The governments medical resour

39、ces.C.Drugs provided by the feds.D.The stockpile of the students health centers.问题4选项A.it is impossible that bird flu outbreaks on college campusesB.the reason that bird flu may impossibly outbreak on college campuses is that social distancing will be tough to enforce thereC.both individuals and com

40、munities should be prepared for the threatD.we need to get ready now for the worst scenario prepared for the fury of bird flu【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词difference between avian flu and human flu 定位至第一段: difference between .threatens to become the young peoples plague. 故B项正确。2.细节题。根据题干关

41、键词strikes the young定位至第三段: This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young, 即原因是免疫系统太好了，过度防御造成的。3.细节题。根据题干关键词outbreaks of bird flu on college定位至第六段第五句, C项是the feds will provide drugs的复现。4.推断题。文章最后一段最后一句与选项D重现。12. 单选题The actress was very（ ） at the insulting

42、 question raised by her opponent at theconference.问题1选项A.extraterrestrialB.explicitC.indignantD.innovative【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的；explicit 外在的，清楚的；indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的；innovative 创新的，革新的。根据句中insulting question raised by her opponent(对手提出的侮辱性问题) 可知，她应该是非常愤怒。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The protests

43、 were part of their（ ）against the proposed building development in the area.问题1选项A.commissionB.commitmentC.conventionD.campaign【答案】D【解析】语义题。commission 授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention 习俗，惯例。campaign 运动, 战役。根据句中protests，part of推测, D项campaign符合句意。14. 单选题The changes in globally averaged temperature

44、that have occurred at the Earths surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those（1）by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. To （2） the question of attribution requires the （3） of more powerful and complex methods beyond th

45、e use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on（4） maps or patterns of temperature change in （5） and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned（6）, and makes it possible to achieve more definitive（7）of t

46、he observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole（8） cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful （

47、9） technique. The basic idea（10）pattern-based approaches is that different（11）causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to（12） a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change（13） by models and those actual

48、ly observed.The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible （14）on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial

49、 practices, are（15）the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric （16） of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil,

50、 have also increased the （17） of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the（18） of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the（19） of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies

51、 of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall（20）is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.问题1选项A.incensedB.personifyC.interactD

52、.predicted问题2选项A.arrayB.ascertainC.probeD.perturb问题3选项A.applicationB.integrationC.avengeD.intervene问题4选项A.conformingB.comparingC.bidingD.budgeting问题5选项A.junctionsB.juncturesC.obligationsD.observations问题6选项A.optionallyB.ornamentallyC.previouslyD.predicatively问题7选项A.attributionB.autonomyC.indicationD.

53、induction问题8选项A.immuneB.seasonalC.formidableD.perceptible问题9选项A.analysisB.disposalC.antigenD.disincentive问题10选项A.avengingB.underestimatingC.ascendingD.underlying问题11选项A.potentialB.respectableC.secretiveD.sturdy问题12选项A.wearyB.obtainC.winkD.retard问题13选项A.orientedB.kennedC.predictedD.lapsed问题14选项A.modi

54、ficationB.nominationC.penetrationD.influence问题15选项A.pavingB.alteringC.retreatingD.saluting问题16选项A.stabilitiesB.popularitiesC.concentrationsD.hierarchies问题17选项A.abundanceB.hemisphereC.fixtureD.distress问题18选项A.burialB.argumentationC.legislationD.amount问题19选项A.disposalsB.propertiesC.certaintiesD.blends

55、问题20选项A.calculationB.assignmentC.budgetD.effect【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:C第17题:A第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）语法分析。空格处应填入those 的后置定语, 空后by提示此处为被动。因此D项predicted （预言，预测）与models搭配合理，意为“通过模型来预测”。（2）动词辨析。array 排列，整队；ascertain 弄清，确定，查明；probe 调查；探索

56、；perturb 使人烦恼，不安。根据句意和句子后面的methods, C项probe与the question of attribution搭配符合逻辑，意为“调查问题的原因”。（3）名词辨析。空格处应填入名词, 作require的宾语。以下两个选项是名词: application 运用，应用；integration 结合，整合，一体化。根据句意，需要运用更复杂的方法，A项application符合逻辑。（4）动词辨析。conform 遵守，符合；compare 比较，对照；bide 滞留，忍受；budget 编制预算，安排开支。B项与maps or patterns搭配compare，意为

57、“比较天气变化图和模式”。（5）名词辨析。空格后为and， 所以空格处应填与models并列的词。只有D项observation（注意，观察）与models为同类型。（6）副词辨析。optionally 随意地；ornamentally 装饰地；previously 先前，以前；predicatively 断然地，肯定地。根据句意，此处指的是之前提到过的。（7）名词辨析。attribution 归因；autonomy 自治，自治区；indication 指示，迹象；induction 归纳法，就职。选项中，A项attribution与achieve.definitive搭配，意思是有可能找到天

58、气变化的明确原因。（8）语义题。immune 免疫的，不受影响的；seasonal 季节性的，随季节变化的；formidable 可怕的，令人敬畏的；perceptible 可感觉到的，可理解的。B项seasonal 在此处比较合适，意为“季节性的循环”。（9）语义题。后面句子提到了approaches , 所以A项只有analysis （分析）放在此处比较合适，意为“更加强有力的分析技巧”。（10）动词辨析。空格处为动词的现在分词形式作idea的后置定语, D项underlying （构成的基础）与idea搭配，意为“构成这些方法的基本观点”。（11）形容词辨析。potential 潜在的，

59、有潜力的；respectable 体面的，高尚的；secretive 秘密的；sturdy 强壮的，结实的。A项potential与causes of climate change搭配，意为“天气变化的潜在原因”。（12）语义题。weary 使疲乏，厌倦；obtain 获得; wink 递眼色，闪烁；retard 使放慢或延缓。B项符合逻辑, 此处意为 “得到两种天气变化的匹配特征”。（13）语法分析。此处句意为: models只能用来预测天气变化。因此C项predict （预言，预测）正确。（14）固定搭配。D项influence能与on搭配，意为“对的影响”。（15）动词辨析。pave 铺

60、，为铺路；alter 改变，更改；retreat 撤退，退却；salute 欢迎，致敬。B项alter与the composition of the atmosphere搭配,意为“正在改变大气的组成成分”。（16）名词辨析。根据句意，increased （增加）的只能是concentration （浓度）。（17）固定搭配。the abundance of为固定用法，意为“大量，充足”，句意: 增加了大气中的微粒的数量。（18）固定搭配。下文出现了 the amount of energy, 因此推测此处为the amount of（的数量）。（19）名词辨析。disposal 清除，处理；

61、property 特性，性质；certainty 确实，确定的事；blend 混合物。句意: 这会改变大气和云层的 。B项符合句意。（20）语义题。句意: 对这些粒子的气候效应的深入研究才刚刚开始，总体 还不确定。因此D项effect（影响）符合句意。15. 单选题We cannot be（ ）with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.问题1选项A.PeckedB.reconciledC.perturbedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。peck 啄食；perturb 感到不安；presumed 推定。Be reconcile with为固定搭配，表示与和解。16. 单选题These natural resources will be（ ）sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.问题1选项A.depletedB.deployedC.