2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第60期

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The police are suspicious（ ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。2. 单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC

2、.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词

3、词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题（ ） for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties.问题1选项A.Had it notB.If it were notC.Had it not beenD.If we had not been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。5. 单选题It

4、only takes a （ ） of a second for the computer to do the calculation which a humanwill spend days to do.问题1选项A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction “小说”；reduction “减少，下降”；function “功能”；fraction “小部分”。句意：电脑只需要一会就完成了人类需要几天才能完成的运算。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题There is no easy solutio

5、n to Japans labour （ ）问题1选项A.declineB.rarityC.vacancyD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；rarity “罕见”；vacancy “空缺，空白”； shortage “短缺”。句意：日本劳动力短缺的问题不容易解决。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think

6、less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. T

7、hey can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally,the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.The opinion seems ridi

8、culous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as part of the equipment for survival.Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions ar

9、e needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freez

10、es up.We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of

11、 an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predece

12、ssor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.1.What do you suppose was the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?2.Today, computers are stil

13、l inferior to man in terms of （ ）.3.In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with thecomputer because（ ） .4.Though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that（ ） .5.According to the passage, which of the following statements in T

14、RUE?问题1选项A.He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than men.B.He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.C.He disapproved of ladies preaching.D.He encouraged ladies to preach问题2选项A.decision makingB.drives and feelingsC.growth of reasoning powerD.information absorpti

15、on问题3选项A.in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didnt require such ability of the human brain.B.the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotionC.the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situationD.computers imitate life while the human brai

16、n does not imitate computers/问题4选项A.computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life.B.human beings have lost control of computers.C.the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass that of human beings.D.the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that of electronic brai

17、ns.问题5选项A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.B.Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.C.The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of manD.Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5

18、题:D【解析】1.文章第一句as Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all 提到关于电脑最让人惊讶的不是它们没有人类擅长思考，而是它们竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士对于女人布道的看法一样，他认为让人惊讶的是女人能布道。选项B符合题意，他为女人能布道感到开心，虽然没有男人好。2.文章第

19、三段the opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures 提到电脑缺乏人类的动力和情感。选项B符合题意。3.文章第四段having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect提到在生活节奏缓慢的情况下，人类的大脑有一个固有的缺点，选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段the reasoning power of a

20、n intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain 提到由硅做出来的人工智能的推理能力将会追上人脑，由此可知计算机最终会拥有和人一样的推理能力，成为新的智能生命形式，选项A排除；作者在最后一段中提及计算机将超越人类的成就（a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements），并且提到智力的进化不会停止，因为人类将创造出一个新的智力物种（new species）选项C、D排除。所以选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段

21、最后一句话the new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon 提到这种新的智能生命体更可能由硅组成，可知不是必须由有机物构成这个说法是对的，选项D符合题意。8. 单选题When he got promoted from an average clerk to deputy manager of the company, he felt that he had to （ ）greater responsibilities.问题1选项A.bear onB.take onC.bring onD.draw on【答

22、案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Take on “承担”；bear on “影响”；bring on “呈现”； draw on “来临，鼓励”。句意：当他从一个普通员工被提升到公司副经理的职位时，他感到自己不得不承担更大的责任。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Beijing is a（ ） city, and still more people are pouring in.问题1选项A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。popular “受欢迎的”；populate “居住于”，是动词；populace “大众，平民

23、”；populous “人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然还有很多人涌入。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting tosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才

24、能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。11. 单选题Visions are asked to （ ）with the regulations.问题1选项A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict “冲突”；consult “咨询”；comply “遵守”；contrast “对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。12. 翻译题E-mail is now one the fastest ways to gain or lose potential customers because of th

25、e ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/her day in a bad mood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial que

26、stion and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current or potential customers with the brash email sent out by your employee. T

27、his can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One person thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of these messages are merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a

28、 doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had ever asked me to give them information about products relating to what they sold, I would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find

29、 that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are simply meeting places on the Internet where people exchange information.

30、Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day stating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved. I now do not have a problem recommending that company to a friend. On so

31、me occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brashness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry they are with you. I cannot and will not try to break into someones websi

32、te but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发给50-100个人。于是，因为你雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络

33、上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。

34、有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。13. 单选题He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。14. 单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated

35、that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The magician picked several persons（ ） from the audience and asked them to h

36、elphim with the performance.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on occasionC.on averageD.at random【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。By accident “偶然地”；on occasion “有时”；on average “平均地”；at random “随意地，任意地”。句意：魔术师从观众中随便挑了几个人协助他进行表演。选项D符合题意。16. 翻译题Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have

37、 been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put int

38、o feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible，as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we cho

39、ose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”.The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because withou

40、t difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasu

41、re, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【答案】努力是关键。只有当我们坦然面对人生中的困苦，才有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。罗伯特弗罗斯特谈到“以苦为乐”时，应该也是这种想法。广告中宣传的幸福观的致命缺点便是它试图宣传幸福唾手可得。我们即使玩游戏也会有困难。我们之所以需要它，是因为没有困难便没有游戏可言。游戏便是让其中的乐趣没

42、有那么容易得到。游戏的规则便是将苦难武断地强加于人。当有人破坏了这些乐趣，也意味着他总是会拒绝遵守游戏规则。下棋时，如果你随心所欲地去更改规则，这样很容易赢。但是游戏的乐趣就在于能够在遵守规则的前提下赢。如果没有困难，也就没有乐趣可言。17. 单选题The directions were so （ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious “机灵的”；ambitious “有野心的

43、”；notorious “臭名昭著的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：说明内容模糊不清，因此无法完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题Some people think that a （ ）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的

44、”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。19. 翻译题It is simple enough to say that since books have classes- fiction, biography, poetry-we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with b

45、lurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not di

46、ctate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost

47、 imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more defi

48、nite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。20. 单选题Last year, these ships transported a total of 80 million tons of cargo, a 4.4 percent increase （ ）to previous year.问题1选项A.byB.overC.withD.to【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：去年，这些船总共运输了八千万吨货物，比去年增长了4.4%。over “在上”，符合题意。