2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第78期

《2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第78期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第78期（26页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The ships were found to be unsuitable for the conditions in which they had supposedly been A B C Dadapted.问题1选项A.to beB.unsuitableC.unsuitableD.supposedly【答案】C【解析】考查介词搭配。C选项为“介词+which”引导的定语从句，adapt to（适应）为固定搭配，此处将介提前，因此用介词to。试题答案：C; to which2. 单选题Anne Whitney

2、, a sophomore（大学二年级学生）at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. “I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would bla

3、nk out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher.” Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, “My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I

4、 was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldnt even write them down!”These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and

5、is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes text anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxie

6、ty has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to mea

7、sure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let

8、 their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.An expert at the University of California explains, “With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost al

9、l have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great.”1.To “blank out” is probably （ ）.2.Poor grades are usually the result of（ ）.3.Test anxiety has been recognized as（ ）.4.To deal with this problem, students at some universities would（ ）.5.A University of California advisor said（ ）.问题1

10、选项A.to be like a blanketB.to be sure of an answerC.to be unable to think clearlyD.to show knowledge to the teacher问题2选项A.poor sleeping habitB.lazinessC.lack of sleepD.inability to from good study habits问题3选项A.an excuse for lazinessB.the result of poor study habitsC.a real problemD.something that can

11、not be changed问题4选项A.take a short course on anxietyB.read about anxietyC.take tests to evaluate their anxietyD.take tests to prove they are not anxious问题5选项A.all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety programB.almost all students felt less stress after taking a Unive

12、rsity of California advising courseC.students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety courseD.students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段中“only to find I coul

13、d not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer.”却发现我不能正确回答这些问题。我因为紧张和恐惧，我无法想到答案。可推测此处指头脑一片空白，不能正常思考，因此C选项“不能清楚地思考”符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits”尽管成绩不好往往是不良的学习习惯导致的，可知D选项“无法养成良

14、好的学习习惯”符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.”可知考试焦虑已被认为是一个真实存在的问题，因此选C。4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“At some universities, students take tests to measure theiranxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high

15、, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions.”在一些大学里，学生通过考试来测量他们焦虑，如果考试显示他们的焦虑程度很高，学生可以参加短期课程，帮助他们应对自身的紧张，因此选A。注意题干问的是处理焦虑问题的方法，C选项不符题意，参加测试评估焦虑的目的是删选需要参加课程的学生。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program.”几乎所

16、有的学生在参加我们的课程后都能感受到放松和较少的压力，因此B选项“在参加一个加州大学建议课程后，几乎所有学生都感到较少的压力”符合题意。3. 问答题By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west, another culture, based on intensi

17、ve agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present day St. Louis, and it radiated out to enclose most of the Mississippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisiana and Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A. D. 700 this Mississippian cu

18、lture, as it is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and commerce, built

19、gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A. D. 900 and 1,100, this huge earthwork faces the site of a cl

20、iffy Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing some 30,000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokis, as this center of Mississippi culture is cal

21、led, include elaborate ceramics finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica sheets, and one funeral blanket fashioned from 12,000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in tool-making, hide- dre

22、ssing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2. In relation to the Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture was located（ ）.3.From this passage, we can infer that Meso-American cultures had a tradition of （ ）.【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以Mound Builder cu

23、lture开头，进而引出对Mississippi Culture的介绍。试题答案：The passage mainly introduces the development and achievement of Mississippi Culture.2.推理怕断题。由文章开头中的“By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining . To the west, another culture”可知Mound Builder culture位于东方。试题答案：in the east3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probably i

24、nfluenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and commerce”可推测 Meso-American cultures有商业贸易的传统。试题答案：trade and commerce4. 问答题Whenever you see an old film, you cant help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part.Their hair styles and make-up look date: their skirts look either too lon

25、g or too short; A Btheir general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. C D【答案】试题答案：B; dated【解析】考查形容词辨析。由“their skirts look either too long or too short”可知此处指的是不好的，look表示“看起来”的意思，后面接形容词，dated意为“过时的”。5. 翻译题Rational choice theoryRational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational acti

26、on theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling, social and economic behavior. Rationality, interpreted as “wanting more rather than less of a good，is widely used as an assumption of the behavior of individuals in macroeconomic models and analysis and appears in almost all ec

27、onomics textbook treatments of human decision-making. It is also central to some of modem political science, sociology, and philosophy. It attaches “wanting more” to instrumental rationality, which involves seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the wo

28、rthiness of that goal. Gary Backer was an early proponent of applying rational actor models more widely. He won the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his studies of discrimination, crime, and human capital.In rational choice theory, these costs are only extrinsic or external to the

29、individual rather than being intrinsic or internal. That is, strict rational choice theory would not see a criminals self-punishment by inner feelings of remorse, guilt, or shame as relevant to determining the costs of committing a crime. In general, rational choice theory does not address the role

30、of an individuals sense of morals or ethics in decision-making. Thus, economics Noblest Amartya Sen sees the model of people who follow rational choice model as “rational fools”.【答案】理性选择理论理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是

31、现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。Gary Backer是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。6. 问答题The

32、 most (A) acute challenges (B) facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those (C) involved humankinds struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the (D) sustainability of life on earth.【答案】C；“involved” 改为 “involving”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：未来面临的最严峻的挑战可能不

33、仅是人与人之间的竞争，而且是涉及到人类努力保护环境和确保地球上生命的可持续性的挑战。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”过去分词作后置定语表被动，而“those”和“involve”之间是主动关系，所以将“involved”改为“involving”。7. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.美国总统特朗普热衷的贸易争端已经过时了，其主要武器是关税，主要战场是从汽车到钢铁在内的旧市场，然而中美之间最严重的贸易冲突是21世纪的技术之争，这包括从人工智能到网络设备在内的方方面面，其基本战场是半导体

34、。美国的行业领先和中国超级大国的雄心最直接的冲突就在芯片业。美国白宫的保护主义者想将半导体供应链转移至美国，但中国的发展不会停止。正如硅谷的崛起依赖美国政府的支持，中国为实现其发展目标，已将国家和企业资源整合。【答案】The trade disputes President Donald Trump are keen to have been old-fashioned. Tariffs are the principal weapons. Old-economy markets, from cars to steel, are the main battlefields. Yet the t

35、rade conflict that matters most between America and China is a 21st-century fight over technology. It includes everything from artificial intelligence (AD) to network equipment. The fundamental battleground is in semiconductors. The chip industry is where Americas industrial leadership and Chinas su

36、perpower ambitions clash most directly. Protectionists in the White House would doubtless like to move the semiconductor supply chain to America. But Chinas progress will be hard to stop. Just as Silicon Valleys rise depended on Washingtons support, China has integrated state and corporate resources

37、 to achieve its development goals.8. 单选题Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly g

38、et very much worse.For reasons both economic and political coal is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the USs electricity and releases about 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends continue

39、, these figures will more than double by 2050, much to the detriment of the worlds climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal.Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will be h

40、ard enough, but the bigger challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations policy is counterproductive.It is time for the US g

41、overnment to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarded. Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring Americas green credentials.1.According to

42、the author, what adds to the seriousness of global warming?2.Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions?3.What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?问题1选项A.The American public was ignorant of the problem.B.The American government is d

43、oing nothing to deal with the problem.C.The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbon emissions.D.There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions.问题2选项A.The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions.B.The

44、companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies.C.The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive.D.The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues.问题3选项A.The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technol

45、ogy.B.The governments should reward utilities that invest in the technologies to reduce carbon emission.C.The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees.D.The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“What is

46、not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse.”可知美国政府对全球变暖问题没有积极主动地采取相应措施。第三段中提到“While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations polic

47、y is counterproductive.”虽然美国各州和国会的行动正朝着正确的方向推进，但政府在政策上的模糊性却产生了相反的效果。”可知美国政府在全球变暖这个问题上什么也没做，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第三段中提到“US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. ”到目前为止，美国公司还没有捕捉获碳排放的动力。可知B选项“公司在采用新技术方面没有很强的积极性。”因此B选项符合题意。A选项“现有的技术只能处理大规模的碳排放”；C选项“政府对使用煤炭和石油的政策是产生相反的效果”；D选项“公司不愿意卷入

48、政治问题”。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段的大意为：现在是美国政府为碳排放定价的时候了，使投资于技术使碳排放减少的公用事业将看到他们的努力得到回报。这一举措不仅会降低全球变暖带来的风险，而且对恢复美国的环保信誉也有很大帮助。因此A选项“政府应该征收碳排放，以鼓励公司采用新技术。”符合题意。9. 问答题The founder of Alibaba once said “Singles Day (November 11) shopping festival activated only a tiny part of Chinas domestic demand, and has still a lo

49、ng way to go to fully unleash the great potential of the Chinese market.” He added that: “Alibaba will hold Singles Day shopping festival for at least 100 years, and make Singles Day a shopping festival for not only Chinese consumers but also people around the world. The festival will last even long

50、er than Alibaba itself.”Chinese shoppers have spent big over the Singles Day shopping festival, showing the countrys strong economic recovery following the Covid-19 epidemic. Sales on Alibabas e-commerce platform Tmall exceeded 372.3 billion yuan (56.29 billion U.S. dollars) between Nov. 1 and 12:30

51、 a.m. on Nov. 11. At the shopping peak, 583,000 orders were made in a single second on Tmall, setting a new online shopping record. More than 800 million shoppers, 250,000 brands and 5 million merchants have participated in 2020 Singles Day shopping spree, according to Tmall.Some American investors

52、have already begun to doubt if the festival would come at the expense of low spending power of Chinese consumers during the rest of the year, while other investors seemed to be much more worried if Alibaba was selling fake products to consumers. An analyst further explained that: “The major reason w

53、hy investors begin to cast doubt on the effect of Singles Day shopping festival is that they worried that this worlds hugest, biggest and craziest shopping day of the year might undermine both consumers spending power and business owners marketing ability.”Indeed, the large-scale discount activities

54、 on Singles Day might interrupt some consumers purchase plan before and after the shopping festival, other consumers who shopped online slightly before the “big day” might have to wait for extra time to have their goods delivered to them, and still others might shop irrationally and get overdrawn, t

55、hus regretfully returning most of their goods. Business owners were also forced to seize the opportunity on Singles Day and do everything they could, including preparing enough goods before the big day, placing fake orders on the big day, only to attract consumers attention and sell as many goods as

56、 possible on the big day.The founder of another major Chinese online retailing platform once stated to the media, saying, “It has already become a common practice for business owners to place fake orders on online retailing platforms, since both these platforms and consumers are willing to rank a br

57、and based on its sales.”“Since some online retailing platforms would lower the price a great deal to compete with other platforms in the price battle, we would even buy back the products we provided to these platforms with a lower price and then sold them with a regular price on traditional sales ch

58、annels,” a senior sales personnel of a traditional brand once suggested, “We are almost forced to place fake orders since many consumers prefer to buy products with higher sales.”Nevertheless, most business owners seemed not to be making much profit out of the shopping spree on every Singles Day. Fo

59、r one thing, they had to spend much money in placing fake orders and promoting themselves; for another, they had to lower the price a lot and make profit merely by large sales, which could be highly risky when the high return rates is taken into consideration.Answer the following questions according

60、 to the above text.1) Why cannot we be totally optimistic about the enormously huge sales volume of Alibabas Singles Day shopping festival? (10 points)2) How does the Singles Day shopping spree influence consumers and business owners? (10 points)【答案】1)There are two reasons can be listed. The first o

61、ne is that Singles Day (November 11) shopping festival activated only a tiny part of Chinas domestic demand, and has still a long way to go to fully unleash the great potential of the Chinese market. The second reason is that this worlds hugest, biggest and craziest shopping day of the year might un

62、dermine both consumers spending power and business owners marketing ability.2)Singles Day might interrupt some consumer purchase plan before and after the shopping festival, other consumers who shopped online slightly before the “big day” might have to wait for extra time to have their goods deliver

63、ed to them, and still others might shop irrationally and get overdrawn, thus regretfully returning most of their goods. Business owners were also forced to seize the opportunity on Singles Day and do everything they could, including preparing enough goods before the big day, placing fake orders on the big day, only to attract consumers attention and sell as many goods as possible on the big day. At the same time, most business owners seemed not to be making much profit out of the shopping spree on every Singles Day.10. 问答题