2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷50（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；comprehensive “综合的；广泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利

2、的新闻报道非常详尽，几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题You can （ ）the video camera on a tripod（三脚架），so that you dont have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions.问题1选项A.withstandB.fixC.plantD.dwell【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant种植，培养；dwell居住，存在于。句意：你可以将摄像机固定在三脚架上，这样当你提问的时候就不用担心需要稳稳的抓住它了。选项B符合句意。3

3、. 单选题Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful （ ）it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.问题1选项A.by whichB.to whichC.in thatD.so that【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。句意：虽然很多人认为冲突是不好的，但有时冲突是有用的，因为它迫使人们审视自己态度和行为的优缺点。by which和to which均引导定语从句；in that引导原

4、因状语从句，表示“因为”；so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便，所以”。根据句意可知，这里是原因状语从句，所以选项C正确。4. 单选题When making modern cameras people began to （ ）plastics for metal.问题1选项A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。surround “包围”；substance “物质；实质”；stretch “伸展，拉紧”；substitute “替代，代替”。句意：在制造现代相机时，人们开始用塑料代替金属。选项D符合题意。5

5、. 单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Gray clouds move as low as smoke

6、 over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10. It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across some of the roughest country in

7、 the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail“but with this weather?When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of M

8、issoula, on Aug. 12, 1805, he was astonished by what was in front of him: “immense ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow”. Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians

9、back East. Lewis and Clark werent merely off the map; they were traveling outside the American imagination.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the exp

10、lorers who braved its hardships and the Native-Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred gift. It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow

11、seeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft., the drifts are 15 ft, and up. We have covered 12 miles in soft snow, and we barely have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken and couscous, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge. There

12、 is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are isolated in a way that mixes fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1.We learn from the passage that before 1805（ ）.2.Judging from the c

13、ontext, the word “trek” (Line 3, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.We learn from the passage that the Lolo Pass（ ）.4.Judging from the context. Lewis and Clark were most probably（ ）.5.We can infer from the passage that in crossing the Lolo Pass the author （ ）.问题1选项A.no Americans knew about the

14、existence of the Rocky MountainsB.there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no one ever imagined going west to the Pacific OceanD.the Appalachians were the western frontier of the Unites States问题2选项A.a lonely walk in isolated countryB.a long hard journey over rough terrainC.a tough

15、 climb up high mountainsD.a journey over un-traveled pathways问题3选项A.remains much as it was 200 years agoB.has changed a lot since 1805C.now attracts large numbers of touristsD.is the meeting point of two cultures问题4选项A.two native IndiansB.explorers of the early 19th centuryC.merchants who did busine

16、ss with the IndiansD.travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass问题5选项A.was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkB.was trying to set a world recordC.was attempting the impossibleD.was gambling with weather and taking unnecessary risks【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Nobo

17、dy in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed（在当时的美国，没有人知道落基山脉的存在）可知选A。第2题:词义题。由文章第一段中的It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains.（过去四天里，Bitterroot山脉一直在下雪）Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail可推测下雪天使爬山变得更加艰难，因此C选项“艰难的爬上高山”符合题意

18、。trek表示“长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山区）”。第3题:细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段的最后一句It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.（如今它保持着与Lewis和Clark那时攀登上去一样的条件）可知A选项“保持和200年前一样”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805（1805年8月12日， Le

19、wis 爬上米苏拉以南140英里的 Lemhi Pass）和第三段中的Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships（今天，他们穿过这些山脉的路径比他们所走过的任何其他地方都更具吸引力，因为原始的荒

20、野证明了两种文化的特征：勇于面对艰辛的探险家）可推测他们是19世纪早期的探险家，因此选B。第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的最后一句In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.（在我们的想象中，我们终于赶上了Lewis 和Clark）可推测他们是在追寻Lewis和Clark的足迹，因此选A。7. 单选题With the （ ）of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.问题1选项A.exhibitionB.exceptionC.

21、exceptD.reception【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exhibition “展览，展览会；显示”；exception “例外，异议”；except “除之外”，是介词；reception “接待，接收”。句意：除了玛丽之外，所有的女生都希望去聚会。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给

22、予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。10

23、. 单选题They tried to collect all the pictures they could （ ）.问题1选项A.lay their hands onB.capitalize onC.wash their hands ofD.make the best of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。lay ones hands on意为“找到，得到，伤害”；capitalize on意为“充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利”；wash ones hands of意为“洗手不干，退出、不参与”；make the best of意为“充分利用”。句意：他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。11.

24、翻译题Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism

25、（多元文化）. A civilization of the polycentric mind（多种精神中心的）. A civilization that leaves behind forever, the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.Los Angeles is a premonition（先兆）of this new civilization.Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of Americas racial

26、and cultural roots. Los Angeles and southern California will enter the twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of acivilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new t

27、ype of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture

28、is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere elsein Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence.【答

29、案】传统意义上的历史一直是各个国家的历史。但在美国，自罗马帝国以来，首次出现了创建一个文化的历史的可能。现在第一次有了这样一个机遇，在新的基础上用新技术创建一个有着前所未有的开放性的多元文化。一个有着多种精神中心的文化。一个永远抛弃种族中心主义心态、部落心态的文化。那是一种破坏性的心态。洛杉矶就是这一新兴文化的先兆。洛杉矶以及南加州与第三世界和亚洲的联系要比与美国的民族、文化之根欧洲的联系密切，因此将以一个多民族、多元文化的社会进入世纪。这是一种全新的现象。一个文化由如此之多的种族、民族和文化同时创建，这样的先例从未有过。这种新型的文化多元化在人类历史上闻所未闻。由于来自第三世界的新移民所具有

30、的将本族文化融入美国文化的令人难以置信的本领，美国正变得越来越多元化。美国的“主导”文化的概念时刻在改变。来到美国，你会不可思议地发现自己身在别地来到了汉城，台北，墨西哥城。你在洛杉矶街头行走，就可以感受到韩国的文化氛围。这个大城市的居民成了自己居住地的游客。12. 单选题George （ ）an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the tests.问题1选项A.underwentB.withstoodC.bakedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。underwent经验，遭遇；withstood抵挡，经得起；baked烘烤；g

31、rilled炙烤。句意：George遭受了48小时的煎熬只为等待测试结果。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （ ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.henceD.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场，从而提高其市场权力

32、。选项B更符合语境。14. 单选题People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（ ）to chemicals because the danger doesnt become apparent immediately.问题1选项A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure “暴露”；exploit “功绩”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。

33、15. 翻译题如何积累词汇。掌握一门外语的词汇有几种途径：1）通过上下文巧妙地猜测词义； 2）结合阅读使用词典；3）除阅读外，进行专门的词汇训练。我们是慢慢吞吞地、吃力 地积累词汇，以便几年以后可以流畅阅读呢，还是在阅读的同时学习词汇呢？最容易也 最有趣的增加词汇的可能办法是拿一本用浅显文体写成的故事书（老师或图书馆管理员可以推荐一本），然后当作故事来读。当作故事来读这一文选意味着整句整段地阅读，而不是逐字逐词地翻译，即使我们在这儿或那儿漏掉了一些意义，但最终还是能逐渐地熟悉某些词汇而根本不用查词典。当然，这只是我们在阅读用本族语写的故事时所用的方法，这样的阅读使我们能比逐字翻译更好地感受习惯

34、用法和句法。【答案】How to accumulate vocabulary? There are several ways to master a foreign languages vocabulary: 1) Skilfully guess the meaning of a word based on context; 2) use a dictionary, combining with the reading; 3) do special vocabulary training, besides reading. Whether we accumulate vocabulary sl

35、owly and laboriously so that we can read smoothly several years later or learning vocabulary while reading? The easiest and most interesting way to enlarge vocabulary is probably using a storybook which is written in plain literary form (teacher or librarian can recommend one), and then read it as a

36、 story. Reading this literary selection as a story means reading it by whole sentence and whole paragraph, not translating it word by word. Even if we miss some meaning here or there, we can gradually familiarize with certain words ultimately without looking up dictionary. Of course, this method is

37、just used when we read stories written in our own language. This kind of reading can make us feel idiomatic usage and syntax better than translating word by word.16. 单选题I absolutely oppose the （ ）that privatization（私有化）is now inevitable in our industry.问题1选项A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience【答

38、案】B【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题Youll have to change your （ ）of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.formB.moldC.moodD.mode【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode意为“方式，风格，样式”。由change your _ of life（

39、改变你的生活_）可知D选项最符合逻辑，mode of life表示“生活方式”。句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。18. 单选题More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California （ ） in San Francisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。previously “以前，预先”；predominantly “主要地”；practically “实际地”；

40、permanently “永久地，长期不变地”。句意：超过三分之一的住在美国的中国人主要住在旧金山。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题On October 11th, 1994, John Forbes Nash, Jr. won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in game theory.Nash began his Ph.D. at Princeton in 1948 when he was just 20. While he was still only 21, lie wrote a 27-page doctoral dissertation on

41、 game theory (博弈论)the mathematics of competition. The great John von Neuman, then at Princeton, had treated win-lose competitions. Now Nash showed how to construct mathematical situations in which both sides won. He found stable situations where no person continues to profit from competition.Nash in

42、troduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool. This young genius had succeeded.He went on to MIT and for eight years greatly impressed the mathematical world. He worked in economics. He even invented the game of Hex, marketed

43、 by parker Brothers. He married in 1957. New York Times writer Silvia Nasar tells how Fortune Magazine singled him out in July 1958 as Americas brilliant young star of the “new mathematics”. Everything was going smoothly.Then, disaster! Mental illness overtook him. Hed once astonished mathematicians

44、 with his unlikely results. Now his results stopped making sense, and the dividing line wasnt clear at first. He began looking for secret messages in numbers.Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge. Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the

45、 edge by her husbands collapse! The marriage ended, but she housed him, back in Princeton.For 25 years, mental illness controlled John Nash. It was in the mid-1980s that Nash at last learned to manage his illness and, once again, he could do mathematics. Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple to

46、ol of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.1.Nash won the Nobel Prize（ ）.2.The word “They” (Para.3) refers to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true?4.Why do you think Nash made his achiev

47、ement in the field of mathematics but was honored with the Nobel Prize for economics instead?5.The purpose of this article might be（ ）.问题1选项A.for pioneering work in establishing a theoryB.for combining mathematics with economicsC.for greatly impressing the mathematical world for 8 yearsD.for his mer

48、it问题2选项A.theoretical economistsB.Nash and his colleaguesC.Nash and other scientistsD.competitors问题3选项A.Nashs wife divorced him, but gave him a house as a gift.B.Nashs wife agreed that her pregnancy contributed to Nashs mental collapse.C.The author thinks its right to blame Nashs wife for his mental

49、collapse.D.The author thinks its unfair to blame Nashs wife for his mental collapse.问题4选项A.Because his game theory drew the attention of theoretical economists.B.Because his game theory has become a staple tool of business and economics.C.Because he turned his game theory into a tool.D.Because Nash

50、was an economist.问题5选项A.to tell a story of a mathematics geniusB.to depict a mathematics geniusC.to tell the readers about John Forbes Nash. Jr.D.to tell how Nash conquered his mental illness【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“John Forbes Nash, Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。第2题:语义题。根据

51、第三段的内容“Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoretical economists”。所以选项A正确。第3题:判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The marriage ended, but she housed him, back

52、in Princeton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husbands

53、 collapse! ”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思是说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in econ

54、omics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的 研究成果。最后，Nash获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。20. 单选题Agriculture was a step in human progress （ ）which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.问题1选项A.inB.forC.toD.from【答案】C【解析】介词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，这里是由which引导的定语从句，先行词是agriculture，填空处应该填入一个和comparable搭配的介词，只有介词to能与之搭配，意为“可比较的，比得上是”，所以选项C正确。