2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第163期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The psychologist cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。2. 单选题The senators at

2、tempt to convince the public that she is not interested in running for a second term is futile.问题1选项A.laudableB.sincereC.authenticD.useless【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：这位参议员试图让公众相信她对竞选连任没有兴趣，但这只是徒劳。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项authentic“真正的，真实的”；D选项useless“无用的，无效的”。futile意为“无用的，无效的”，选项D与之意思相近，代入符合语境

3、。3. 单选题Why are some of us good at math, while others（ ）at art or volleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work at“从事于，致力于”；B选项excel at“突出，擅长于”；C选项aim at“目的在于”；D选项gaze at“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和good at意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。4. 单选题He was a zealous supporter o

4、f our plan and cleaned up the hall for the Christmas party.问题1选项A.enthusiasticB.concertedC.giganticD.dedicated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：他是我们计划的支持者，并且为圣诞晚会把大厅打扫干净了。zealous 意为“热情的，积极的”。A选项enthusiastic“热情的”；B选项concerted“协调的”；C选项gigantic“巨大的，庞大的”；D选项dedicated“专注的，献身的”。选项A符合语境。5. 单选题Most young people enjoy s

5、ome form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.

6、Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made ru

7、les, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If

8、 we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on whic

9、h their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill

10、 year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb wit

11、h more skill and less waste of effort, and their certainly experience equal enjoyment.1.Mountaineering involves（ ）.2.The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of（ ）.3.Mountaineering can be called a team sport because（ ）.4.Mountaineers compete against（ ）.5.Choose the best titl

12、e for the passage（ ）.问题1选项A.coldB.hardshipC.physical riskD.all of the above问题2选项A.activityB.rulesC.uniformD.participants问题3选项A.it is an Olympic eventB.teams compete against each otherC.mountaineers depend on other while climbingD.there are 5 climbers on each team问题4选项A.natureB.each otherC.other team

13、sD.international standards问题5选项A.mountaineering is different from golf and footballB.mountaineering is more attractive than other sportsC.mountaineeringD.mountain climbers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的一、二句“Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are ofte

14、n looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? 人们常常以惊奇的眼光看待那些热衷于攀登高山峻岭的人。因为他们无法理解为什么那些人愿意忍受寒冷和艰难，并且冒险爬上高山?”由此可知，选项A，B，C均是登山会遇到的事情，所以选项D正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的一、二句“Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-ma

15、de rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. 登山是一项运动，而不是游戏。不像高尔夫球和足球那样有人为的规则。”由此可知，运动和游戏直接的区别就在于规则，选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“There are, it is true, no matches between teams of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obvi

16、ously teamwork. 的确，登山队之间没有比赛，但当登山队站在岩石表面，被一根可能关乎他们生命的绳子连在一起时，这显然是团队合作。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。4.语义推断题。根据第五段第二句“He has to fight the forces of nature. 他必须对抗自然的力量。”所以选项A正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是围绕着登山展开，选项A、B、D都过于片面，所以选项C最恰当。6. 单选题It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conve

17、niently（1） qualitatively but quantitativelyhow the world works. We might（2）a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that（3）a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain（4）as massive

18、as the universe. It seems（5）that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains（6）some degree of internal stability and order. But（7）in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much（8）than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion

19、or joy.（9）for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have（10）us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition（11）highly unrelia

20、ble guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass（12）indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness（13）the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week（14）I get a letter from someone w

21、ho complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einsteins（15）analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not（16）the habit of traveling close to

22、 the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on（17）humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldnt we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we（18）faster than the speed of light? But（19）we can tell,

23、 this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only（20）us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.问题1选项A.justB.veryC.just notD.not just问题2选项A.seeB.findC.imagineD.believe问题3选项A.make forB.make ofC.make upD.make from问题4选项A.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the

24、 cost问题5选项A.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.virtually问题6选项A.wantB.demandC.requireD.acquire问题7选项A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even if问题8选项A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater问题9选项A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily问题10选项A.providedB.preparedC.armedD.equipped问题11选项A.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.turn away

25、 from问题12选项A.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.advances问题13选项A.inB.atC.withD.from问题14选项A.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of two问题15选项A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligent问题16选项A.ofB.inC.withD.at问题17选项A.thatB.whichC.matterD.what问题18选项A.goB.walkC.travelD.run问题19选项A.whetherB.unlessC.so farD.so far as问题20选项A.p

26、ressB.haveC.makeD.entail【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。not just.but是固定句型，意为“不仅而且”。原文指的是自然法则不仅从性质上而且从数量上概括了世界是如何运转的，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查上下文语义。根据后面的描述可知，这里是作者进行的一个假设，所以这里应该填入动词imagine“想象”，选项C符合语境。3.考查词组辨析。A选项mak

27、e for“导致，有助于”；B选项make of“了解”；C选项make up“组成，构成”；D选项make from“由制造”。根据句意可知，这里是指“由1080个基本粒子构成的宇宙”，选项C符合句意。4.考查词组辨析。A选项at least“至少”；B选项at most“至多”；C选项at last“最后，终于”；D选项at the cost“以为代价”。根据句意“要理解这样一个宇宙，我们至少需要一个和宇宙一样大的大脑。”选项A符合语境。5.考查副词辨析。A选项likely“很可能，或许”；B选项unlikely“不太可能”；C选项really“实际上，真正地”；D选项virtually“

28、事实上，几乎”。结合上下文的语境可知“这样的宇宙似乎不太可能有生命和智慧”，选项B符合语境。6.考查近义词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项demand“强烈要求”；C选项require“需要”；D选项acquire“获得”。根据句意“因为人类和大脑都需要某种程度的内部稳定和秩序。”demand语气过于强硬，选项C更符合语境。7.考查连词辨析。根据句意“在一个更加随机的宇宙中存在着比我们更加聪明的生命，也不会有太多的知识、激情或欢乐。”这里应填入表示让步的连词，所以只有选项D正确。8.考查上下文语义。根据句意可知，这里是说宇宙中存在着比我们更加聪明的生命。选项D符合语境。9.考查上下文语义。

29、上文提到作者所假设的宇宙中充满了未知，下文则讲述“我们生活在一个至少重要部分是可知的宇宙中。”由此可知，这对于我们来说是一件幸运的事，所以选项A符合语境。10.考查动词辨析。A选项provide“提供”；B选项prepare“准备”；C选项arm“武装”；D选项equip“装备”。根据句意“我们的常识性经验和我们的进化史已经为我们理解日常世界的一些事情做好了准备。”选项B符合语境。11.考查词组辨析。A选项turn to“转向，变成”；B选项turn on“打开”；C选项turn out to be“结果是，被证明是”；D选项turn away from“远离”。根据句意“然而，当我们进入其他

30、领域时，常识和普通直觉被证明是非常不可靠的向导。”选项C符合语境。12.考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，降低”；B选项increase“增加，提高”；C选项reduce“减少，缩小”； D选项advance“前进”。根据句意“令人震惊的是，当我们接近光速时，我们的质量会无限，在朝着运动的方向时，我们的厚度会缩小到零，而我们的时间会像我们想的那样接近停止。”句子前后形成对比，表示相反的情况，所以选项B符合语境。13.考查固定搭配。in the direction of意为“朝着方向”。选项A正确。14.考查固定用法。every week or two指的是“大约每一两周”，原文指的是

31、“每一两周我就会收到一封信”，所以选项A符合语境。15.考查形容词辨析。A选项clever“聪明的”；B选项wise“明智的”；C选项brilliant“杰出的，精彩的，精妙绝伦的”；D选项intelligent“智能的”。根据句意“但它实际上肯定不仅仅是实验的结果，也是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦对时空精妙绝伦的分析，这个分析被称为狭义相对论。”选项C和analysis搭配最为恰当。16.考查固定搭配。in the habit of意为“有的习惯”，选项B正确。17.考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，填空处所填入的词在宾语从句中充当主语成分，只有选项D符合要求。18.考查动词辨析。根据句意“为什么我们移动

32、的速度不能超过光速”，travel不仅表示旅行，还有移动的意思，所以选项C符合语境。19.考查上下文语义。A选项whether“是否”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项so far“到目前为止”；D选项so far as“只要，就而言”。根据句意“但就我们所知，这就是宇宙构建的方式。”选项D符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。根据句意“这些禁令不仅迫使我们变得有点谦卑；也使世界变得可知。”选项A符合语境。7. 单选题With the burgeoning of scientific knowledge, work on the new edition of a textbook begins so

33、on after completion of the original.问题1选项A.emergingB.culminatingC.limitingD.developing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：随着科学知识的迅速发展，在原教科书完成后不久，就开始编写新版本的教科书。A选项emerging “走向成熟的，新兴的”；B选项culminating“达到顶点，告终”；C选项limiting“限制的，局限的”；D选项developing“发展中的”。burgeoning意为“迅速发展的，繁荣的”，选项A与之意思最为相近，代入符合语境。8. 单选题It is hard to get an

34、y agreement on the precise meaning of the term social class. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new ac

35、quaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In the eighteenth-century one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the whole annual produce of the land and labor of

36、 every country provided revenue to “three different orders of people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the ninetee

37、nth-century between the upper middleclass and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants cont

38、inued in all countries as independent groups.During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a persons social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than the

39、ir working-class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the new rich.They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Here their children mixed with the children of the upper classes were accepted by them, and very

40、 often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hard-working labourer, though not clever enough himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move into a white-collar occupation, carrying with it a highe

41、r salary and move up in the social scale.In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main

42、 possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take it

43、s place, and the best that has as far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.1. How do we place people in society in relation to ourselves, according to the text?2. Adam Smiths social make-up

44、 was invalidated by（ ）.3. Which class do small shopkeepers and tradesmen belong to?4. Which of the following statements does NOT truly describe the new rich?5. What happened to the class differences in the twentieth century?问题1选项A.Mainly by their way of speaking.B.According to the place where they w

45、ere born.C.According to a complex mixture of factors.D.By regarding them inferior to ourselves.问题2选项A.the growing-up of upper middleclassB.the successive stages of the industrial revolutionC.the influence of the working classD.the inheritance of social positions问题3选项A.working classB.middleclassC.upp

46、er classD.upper middleclass问题4选项A.They sent their children to special schools to receive education.B.They were lack of social training of the aristocracy.C.They were often men of initiative and intelligence.D.They did not allow their children to marry the upper class.问题5选项A.They have been partly smo

47、othed out.B.They increased taxation of higher incomes.C.They have made the social services grow.D.They widely enhanced the education development.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. 然而，我们用来评价一

48、个新认识的人的标准是一个复杂的混合因素。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键信息“Adam Smith”定位到原文第二段的内容。本段最后一句指出“Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated. 然而，工业革命的每一个连续阶段都使社会结构更加复杂。”也就是说，会让Adam Smith提出的社会结构失效，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键信息“small shopkeepers and tradesmen”定位到原文

49、第三段的内容“许多中间群体在19世纪成长起来，介于上层中产阶级和工人阶级之间。小型实业家，也有大型实业家，有小店主和商人”由此可知，选项B正确。4.判断推理题。根据关键信息“new rich”定位到原文第四段的内容。第四段最后一句提及“Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than their working-class parents. But they lacked the socia

50、l training of the upper class, who despised them as the new rich. 聪明的工业家凭借自己的智慧发了财，这使他们的经济地位远远高于他们的工薪阶层父母。但是他们缺乏上流社会的社会修养，而上流社会则视他们为新贵”，由此可知，选项B和选项C均符合原文；第五段第一句提及“They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. 他们经常把儿女送到特殊学校接受社会培训。”由此可知，选项A也符合原文；只有选项D与原文恰好是相反的

51、情况，所以本题选D。5.判断推理题。根据原文倒数第二段的内容“在20世纪，对高收入增加的税收，社会服务的增长，以及教育机会的广泛发展，极大地改变了社会的前景。上层阶级不再是唯一的，甚至不再是财富、权力和教育的主要拥有者，尽管继承下来的社会地位仍然具有相当大的威望。”由此可知，到20世纪等级差异已经部分消除，所以选项A正确。9. 单选题Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business.问题1选项A.unfamiliarB.localC.unfavorableD.good【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：环境迫使他关闭了生意。

52、A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“close his business”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业， adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。10. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by

53、a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our

54、lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer

55、 hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus promised us that a

56、ccess would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vas

57、t geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Intera

58、ct news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time

59、-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except

60、now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and les

61、s willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than timeour sens

62、e of what it means to be a caring human being.1.According to the passage, corporate executives think that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true?3.What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4.In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that（ ）.5.An appropriate title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forward.B.technology has a prof