2022年考博英语-南开大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第94期

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题You must let me

2、have the annual report without （ ） by ten oclock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。without fail为固定搭配, 表示“必定, 务必”。句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。所以选项D正确。3. 单选题A man has to make （ ） for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.问题1选项A.supplyB.assuranceC.pr

3、ovisionD.adjustment【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。make provision for指为.预先采取措施, 为作好准备。句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备, 存下足够的钱以备老年之需。选项C正确。4. 单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝

4、不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an （ ） doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honorableB.honoraryC.honoredD.honorific【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的, 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著

5、名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。7. 单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our origi

6、nal （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题A few decades ago, it was still possible to leave home and go somewhere else: the architecture was different, the landscape was differ

7、ent, the language, lifestyle, dress, and values were different. That was a time when we could speak of cultural diversity. But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing. The goal of the global economy is that all countries should be homogenized. When global hotel chains advertise t

8、o tourists that all their rooms in every city of the world are identical, they dont mention that the cities are becoming identical too: cars, noise, smog, corporate high-rises, violence, fast food, McDonalds, Nikes, Levis, Barbie Dolls, American TV and film. Whats the point of leaving home?There are

9、 many causes for this dreary turn of events, but one is central: economic globalization and institutions like the World Bank and the WTO promote a specific kind of homogenizing development that frees the largest corporations in the world to invest and operate in every market, everywhere. For these a

10、gencies and corporation, diversity is not a primary value: efficiency is. Diversity is an enemy because it requires differentiated sales appeal. What corporations love is creating the same values, the same tastes, using the same advertising, selling the same products, and driving out small local com

11、petitors. Mass marketers prefer homogenized consumers. They also prefer places with low wages, cheap resources, and the least restrictive environmental and labor laws.The new rules of global trade are primarily set by the ultra-secretive World Trade Organization (WTO), which now rivals the Internati

12、onal Monetary Fund (IMF) as the most powerful, yet undemocratic body in the world. Its rules are specifically designed to serve global corporate expansion and the homogenization process. They make it nearly impossible for nation-states to prevent certain harmful forms of corporate development, no ma

13、tter what problems they bring. So we find that European bankers can dominate Third World economies ; Asian companies can cut down Canadian and Brazilian forests ; American corporations can dominate the whole worlds farmers and food supply ; Disney can homogenize consciousness and McDonalds can homog

14、enize tastes, globally. Every country loses while global corporations win.Corporate invasions into diverse cultures often occur over vigorous protests by local governments and populations that try to protect local business, culture, health, food safety, and local livelihoods. Not everyone wants to b

15、ecome like everyone else. ( More than one million of Indias small farmers protested against the entry of industrial agriculture, specifically Cargill Corporation and Kentucky Fried Chicken. ) Millions of others have protested against the invasion and promotion of genetically engineered foods which a

16、re destroying local livelihoods and threatening public health. But when countries try to slow down these corporate invasionsor create laws that protect local resources, or jobs, or health standards一they may find the laws challenged at the WTO as illegal restrictions against foreign investment. In fa

17、ct, a recently proposed addition to the WTO would make it nearly impossible for any country to prevent imports of biotech food productsdespite public concern over health aspects.Meanwhile, all places are starting to merge. In rural France, local cheese farms are sucked up by giant agribusiness. In E

18、ngland, small towns in the countryside have high-speed freeways and trucks jamming through them despite mass opposition. Rice paddies in Bali are turned into hotel resorts. Small farms in Japan become executive golf courses. Small businesses and retail shops everywhere, including the U. S. , are bei

19、ng driven under by untaxed e-commerce, which the WTO may soon codify. Nepalese villages have Sylvester Stallone on their billboards, Barbie in their stores, and Jay Leno on their TV sets.Every place is becoming everyplace else: monoculture. “Get there before its ruined. ” Is this a familiar phrase?

20、Is this a system you want?If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad. With every country pressured to open up its forests, minerals, water, and land to global corporations, the few pristine places are disappearing fast. So are the native people who live in them. So ar

21、e the animals, plants and biotathe biodiversity of the planet. ( Brazil, for example, recently suspended its environmental laws, so that Amazon forests can be cut down faster to help the country pay off IMF debts.)Meanwhile, industrial forestry practices, like clear-cutting, produce landscapes so ba

22、rren that its hard to know if its the Amazon or Oregon ; landscapes of tree stumps look alike wherever they are. This is monoculture too. Biodiversity is disappearing as fast as cultural diversity.Heres the rationale for all this: By serving the needs of global business, everyone benefits. “A rising

23、 tide lifts all boats.” Is this true? While CEO salaries for global corporations are risingsome make $ 50 - 500 million annuallyworldwide, real wages for most people are falling. According to the U. N. , the gaps between rich and poor within countries and among countries, has grown because of the in

24、equities of global trade. Even in the U. S. , the median wage of factory workers has fallen by 10% in the last two decades. And, England now advertises that its workers are the lowest paid in Europe. Low wages are suddenly virtuous. Apparently, the rising tide lifts mainly yachts.The global economy

25、is designed to benefit the largest corporations in the world, who are getting rapidly larger and more dominant. Already some corporations are bigger in economic terms than most nation states. Mitsubishi is the 22nd largest economy in the world. General Motors is 26th. Ford is 31st. They are larger t

26、han Denmark, Thailand, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand and dozens of others.What can we do? Dozens of good organizations are working on these issues. This year, most are focused on the World Trade Organization Ministerial Meeting in Seattle, Washington, two weeks from now. Most gr

27、oups are demanding a halt to all WTO expansion and a full public reassessment of its activities.1.From the first paragraph, we know that（ ） .2.The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is （ ） .3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about a homogenized world?4.Who

28、 should be blamed for the Brazilian forests being down?5.We can infer from the passage that vigorous protests occurred in India because （ ）.问题1选项A.the author is describing both the good and bad impacts of economic globalizationB.globalization is reducing the differences between the rich and the poor

29、C.the author is unhappy with the consequences of globalizationD.globalization is good for both the rich and the poor问题2选项A.to discuss whats good and whats bad in economic globalizationB.to blame the WTO and other large global corporations for their wrongdoingsC.to justify his worries about the disap

30、pearance of cultural diversityD.to refute the rationale of globalization and show his objection to global monoculture问题3选项A.Every place will become exactly the same as every place else.B.Cultural diversity and biodiversity will not be ruined.C.Peoples value orientation is sure to be identical gradua

31、lly.D.People can buy the same goods and may have the same tastes.问题4选项A.The International Monetary fund.B.The World Trade Organization.C.Large global corporations such as Mitsubishi.D.The Brazilian government.问题5选项A.the Indians didnt like the rules of the World Trade OrganizationB.global corporation

32、s promoted the sale of genetically engineered foods thereC.the international corporations have destroyed the local peoples livelihood and healthD.the Indians didnt want to follow the new rules of global trade【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的“But with economic globalization, diversity i

33、s fast disappearing.”作者指出随着经济全球化，多样性正在迅速消失。本段最后一句“Whats the point of leaving home?”表明了作者的态度，说明作者对全球化的结果感到不满。选项C符合原文。2.主旨大意题。文章首段提出经济全球化导致多样性的消失，第二段指出造成这种局面最核心的原因是世界银行和世贸组织等机构推动了同质化发展。在接下来的段落里详细描述了这些机构和跨国公司是如何促进同质化发展以及由此带来的影响。所以作者写此文章的目的是指责世贸组织和其他大型跨国公司的错误行为, 选项B正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文第七段的第一句“If globalizatio

34、n homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad.”可知，同质化不仅破坏了文化的多样性，对生物的多样性也同样产生了糟糕的影响，所以选项B错误。4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第三段, 亚洲公司可以砍伐加拿大和巴西的森林。这是因为，国家几乎无法阻止某些有害形式的公司发展，而导致这一问题的主要原因是WTO制定了专门为全球企业扩张和同质化过程服务的全球贸易新规则。所以选项B正确。5.推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度小农抗议转基因食品的入侵和推广，这些食品正在破坏当地的生计，威胁公共健康。所以选项B正确。选项C破坏人们生活健康

35、的不是跨国公司而是它们推销的转基因食品，所以选项C错误。9. 单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （ ） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。10

36、. 单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually （ ） .问题1选项A.shrinkB.delayC.disperseD.sink【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。shrink收缩，减少；delay延期，耽搁；disperse分散，传播；sink下沉。句意：如果对商人征税过多，他们将不再有努力工作的动力，结果是税收收入实际上可能会减少。选项A符合语境。11.

37、 单选题A good teacher must know how to （ ） his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.问题1选项A.displayB.transmitC.conveyD.illuminate【答案】C【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。12. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the

38、present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。13. 单选题Both

39、 television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语

40、境。14. 单选题The doctor told me the medicine can （ ） my headache without doing me any harm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD.treat【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。15. 单选题The company will （ ） to its agreement, no matter how costl

41、y the process may be.问题1选项A.retainB.alterC.adhereD.abandon【答案】C【解析】动词搭配。retain”保持, 记住”;alter“改变, 更改”;adhere“坚持, 追随”, 一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃, 遗弃”。句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价, 这家公司都将坚持其协议。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.perva

42、dedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.InexhaustibleB

43、.exploitedC.remarkableD.controversial【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题The ancient Greeks had the notion of science as methodical knowledge, （ ） and universally valid.问题1选项A.co

44、mpellingly certainB.compel certainC.complete certainD.very sure【答案】A【解析】副词搭配。句意:古希腊人认为科学是一种有系统的知识，具有令人信服的确定性和普遍有效性。根据后面的“universally valid”可推测，填空处也应该为副词+形容词的搭配，所以首先排除选项B和C，compellingly与certain搭配使用, 表示“令人信服地确定”的意思。所以选项A更符合语境。19. 单选题The liberal arts education asks that we confront our unexamined world

45、 view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural （ ） .问题1选项A.prospectsB.perspectivesC.aspectsD.respects【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬, 尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的

46、意思。但perspective强调主体, 指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体, 指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。20. 单选题The new colleague （ ） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confirmsB.declaresC.confessesD.claims【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess (to) doing sth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句, 也可接不定式短语, 不定式中的动作发生在claim之前, 则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。