2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第35期

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在内”；for “对；为了”；on “在之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。2. 翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它

2、有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also

3、 rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with

4、 new opportunities as well as challenges.3. 单选题“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach

5、great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,，” and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opini

6、on? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. D.For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by

7、 opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justi

8、ces did not state their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. No

9、r is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. D.We are free to act on our opinions only so long

10、 as, in doing so, we do not harm others.1. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that .2. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that .3. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on ones opinion .问题1选项A.personal tastes are not something to be challengedB.it is

11、 unwise to express ones likes and dislikes in publicC.it is foolish to criticize a famous brandD.one should not always agree to others opinions问题2选项A.it is a result of a lot of controversyB.it reflects public likes and dislikesC.it is based on careful thoughtD.it is stated by judges in the court问题3选

12、项A.means that one can impose his preference on othersB.means that one can ignore other peoples criticismC.doesnt mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceD.doesnt mean that one has the right to do things at will【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（For its obvi

13、ous that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste），因此选项A符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation），因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（We are

14、 free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Competition, many people believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破

15、坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。5. 单选题After that shock, his friends and family often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.问题1选项A.thatB.thanC.asD.but【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。根据句意，可知此处需要填入一个表示原因的连词。句意：在那次打击之后，他的朋友和家人经常劝他不要再喝酒了，因为这对他的健康有好处。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Some analysts

16、consider the process of automation a second industrial revolution with the potentiality for a social upheaval that marked the birth of the factory a century and a half ago. Others insist it is just another step in industrys progress toward greater efficiency, no different in its basic attributes fro

17、m any of the technological advances that have helped raise American wages, employment totals and living standards.Congressional investigations, puzzled about what action the government should take, have been told by union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment and by business executives

18、 that it will bring unparalleled prosperity.Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week. Educators see all this leisure promoting a scholastic renaissance in which cultural attainments will become the yardstick of

19、social recognition for workers and boss alike. Gloomier observers fear the trend toward “inhuman production” will end by making men obsolete.1. The passage is primarily concerned with .2. Which of the following statements is true?3. The position of the author is to .4. Whose opinion indicates that a

20、utomation is a great threat to social stability?问题1选项A.robots at workB.machines vs. mankindC.speculations on automationD.our rising standard of living问题2选项A.The government favors automation.B.Industry has made great advances in the past 150 years.C.Engineers oppose automation.D.More people favor aut

21、omation than oppose it.问题3选项A.present unfavorable opinions on automationB.convince the readers of the benefits of automationC.present different opinions on automationD.urge the government to promote automation问题4选项A.EducatorsB.Union leadersC.Some analystsD.Some observers【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1

22、.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了不同人对automation(自动化)的看法，因此选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段第一句话提到工程师们认为自动化的工厂可能最终会使那些能在一周内完成的工作延长时间（Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week），由此可以推测出工程师们对自动化是持反对意见的，因此选项C符合题意。3.主旨大意题。作者客观陈述了不同人对自动化的看法，并没有带有自己的观

23、点或者评价，因此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到工会领导人认为自动化会导致大规模失业（union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment），而大规模失业肯定会影响社会安定，因此选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。【答案】The benefit of development spread rather unevenly in the world as poverty an

24、d hunger ravage no a few countries. Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable disease have become more salient. All this has made our road toward universal peace and common development a bumpy and challenging one.8. 单

25、选题There are nowadays not many teachers who are strong of traditional methods in classroom teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Sponsors “赞助商”；contributors “贡献者，参与者”；advocates “拥护者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，执行者”。句意：现在提倡在教学中使用传统方法的老师不多了。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Attempts to pe

26、rsuade her to stay after she felt insulted were .问题1选项A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way “绝不”；on the contrary “相反”；at a loss “亏本地”； of no avail “无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题It should be that as individuals gifted students are endowed with

27、certain attributes which represent their potential success in life.问题1选项A.remindedB.perceivedC.markedD.noted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。remind “提醒，使想起”；perceive “理解，认知”；mark “标志”；note “注意；记录”。句意：要认识到一点：作为个体，有天赋的学生被赋予了某些特性，这些特性代表着他们生命中潜在的成功。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The presidents speech was so that many people were pers

28、uaded to accept the need for change.问题1选项A.expressiveB.inherentC.eloquentD.frequent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。expressive “表现的”；inherent “固有的，内在的”；eloquent “雄辩的，有口才的”；frequent “频繁的”。句意：总统的演讲非常有说服力，以至于许多人都被说服接受了变革的必要性。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick p

29、ace of modern life, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, th

30、e rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be kind to other drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too. It takes the most coo

31、l-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps t

32、o create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Ty

33、pical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to s

34、top in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter corr

35、ectly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a l

36、ot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are mainly caused by .2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule” (Para. A.1) implies that_.3. By “good sense”, the writer mean

37、s .4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.5. In the writers opinion, _.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude driver

38、s can be met occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficulty and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rud

39、e or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题

40、5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of

41、modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.”可知，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为导致的。因此选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到如今彬彬有礼的驾车者却成了例外（You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule），由此可推测粗鲁的司机占了大多数，选项D符合题意。3.推理判

42、断题。文章第二段第一句提到道路礼仪不仅是好的态度，还是良好的意识（Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too.），接着又提到当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑（It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior），说明良好的意识就是能够忍受一些不良的行为，因此选项C符合题

43、意。4.推理判断题。文章最后一段倒数第二句话提到专家几年前就告诫我们汽车数量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users），因此选项CB符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to

44、filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.” 一个资深的司机，认为司机应该学会正确加入交通而不会造成令人生气的交通阻塞。可知，作者认为司机应该适当地使用礼貌。因此选项B符合题意。13. 单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominent

45、B.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.

46、professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbound “出神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；s

47、ilent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题Generally speaking, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the concern of state governments.问题1选项A.excessiveB.uniqueC.exclusiveD.inclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Excessive “过多的，极度的”；unique “独特的”；exclusive “独有的；排外的”；inclusive “包含的，包括的”。句意：

48、一般来说，州内事务应该是州政府关心的事。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题_ I admit that there are problems, I dont think that they cannot be s

49、olved.问题1选项A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since【答案】A【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：尽管我承认有问题，但我不认为它们不可解决。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题We must effectively promote the _ of hunger because every day in Africa and in many areas in Asia children are dying of hunger.问题1选项A.awarenessB.pressureC.consciousnessD.relief【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。awareness “意识

50、”，指人对某事物的认识；pressure “压力”；consciousness “意识”，指人的清醒程度；relief “减轻，救济”。句意：我们必须要提高对饥饿的认识，因为在非洲和亚洲许多地区每天都有孩子死于饥饿。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题A joke or two always up a lecture, I think.问题1选项A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。选项C符合题意。