2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第137期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality

2、 of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to w

3、rite a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world

4、, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses; to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies

5、often reveal a democratic motive; they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their a

6、ccount is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of

7、mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “th

8、e” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the authors an ideal biographer would be one who （ ）.2.The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, ac

9、cording to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is indep

10、endent and treats the subjects with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of her

11、oes and famous figuresD.biographies can serve different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readersB.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subjectC.No one can write a perfect biographyD.Authorized biographies have a wider readership问题4选项A.it portrays the subject bot

12、h faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do

13、his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biographies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to

14、the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life.（传记作者必须在关于这个传记对象的两个不稳定的立场之间摇摆。关系太亲密，作者可能会失去客观性。关系不够近，作者可能缺乏足够的激情去努力刻画人物的思想、灵魂这些生活的本质）可知A选项“非常了解这个传记对象，

15、并与其保持适当的距离”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第三段中的内容为：当他们的对象是英雄或著名人物时，传记往往揭示出一种民主的动机；他们试图向人民展示他们的主也只是人，并没有比任何人都好。而其它的传记则是有意要改变我们，鼓励我们变得比我们之前更好。圣经中耶稣的传记就属于后一类。由此可知作者引用了耶稣在圣经中的传记，是为了表明传记可以有不同的目的，因此选D。第3题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even th

16、e subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.（我们凭直觉认为没有作家是站在讲述一生的故事的位置的，可能甚至不是在传记对象的位置，这已经被传记的历史所证明了）可知C选项“没有人能写出完美的传记”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppre

17、ss.（在图书促销中，“未经授权”的描述通常暗示着传记对象希望抑制流言蜚语）可知B选项“它包含了关于传记对象的私人生活的有趣信息”。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了传记作家需要具备哪些能力以及不同种类传记的特点，因此D选项“不同类型传记的特点”。2. 单选题His total worldly possessions （ ）little more than the clothes he stood up in.问题1选项A.amounted toB.settled forC.turned offD.came at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。amount to总计；settle for勉强同意

18、；turn off关闭；come at达到。句意：他的全部财产仅仅只有他所穿的衣服。这里是对他的全部财产进行一个总计，所以选项A更符合句意。3. 翻译题Arnold Toynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来

19、很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。【答案】Arnold Toynbee has said that all progress, all development come from challenge and a consequent response. Without challenge there is no response, no development, no freedom. So first we owe to our children the most demanding, challenging curriculu

20、m that is within their capabilities.The second opportunity we can give our boys and girls is the right to failure. What kind of a test is it, what kind of freedom where no one can fail? We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either

21、must be met or result in failure. These are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is.4. 单选题Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said. “The business of America is busines

22、s.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Fords statements. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section,

23、 in which the deals and projects, finances and managements, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the

24、police of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be se

25、en in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S economic system is driven by competition. People believ

26、e that this system crates more wealth, more job, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the world business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor. Th

27、roughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and pr

28、ofits high creates feeling of insecurity for many.1.The United States is a typical country（ ）.2.The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that（ ）.3.According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S dreaming that（ ）.4.Henry Fords statement can be taken negatively b

29、ecause（ ）.5.A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in（ ）.问题1选项A.which encourages free trades at home and abroadB.which normally works according to the federal budgetC.where all businesses are managed in a scientific wayD.where peoples chief concern is how to make money问题

30、2选项A.Americans of all professions know how to do businessB.even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC.most newspapers are run by big businessesD.even arts and entertainment are regarded as business问题3选项A.they can start profitable businesses thereB.they can be more competitive in b

31、usinessC.they will make a fortune overnight thereD.they will find better chances of employment问题4选项A.working people are facing to fight for their rightsB.there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC.there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD.public serv

32、ices are not run by the federal government问题5选项A.reduction in the number of employeesB.improvement of working conditionsC.fewer disputes between labor and managementD.a rise in workers wages【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“亨利福特的话意味着美国人的生活都是建立在商业价值上的”（By this he meant that the U

33、.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world），换句话说，美国人关心的就是如何去创造商业价值，选项D“人们主要关心的问题是如何赚钱”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段主要讲述了与报纸相关的内容，无论是什么类型的报纸，都能看到与商业相关的内容。文章第二段最后一句话提到即使是艺术和娱乐都被看成是“娱乐业”（The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.

34、”），这证明了美国的商业影响非常广泛。选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一句话提到“这么多人来美国生活的一个重要原因是他们可以在这里找到更好的工作”（One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job），选项D符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了亨利福特的观点的负面影响：大公司与劳动力之间的矛盾（And the term big business-re

35、ferring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor），选项C “大公司与劳动力之间存在对立关系”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一家公司想低消耗，高利润，会导致什么结果？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“裁员上千员工失业，公司花费减少，利润增加”（Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many），选项A “雇

36、员人数减少”符合题意。5. 单选题A hush fell over the guests who had（ ）for the wedding celebration.问题1选项A.assembledB.participatedC.attendedD.summoned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble “集合，聚集”；participate “参与，分享”；attend “参加”；summon “召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题An international treaty signed several years ago

37、 （ ）trade in plants and animals of endangered species.问题1选项A.bansB.eliminatesC.promotesD.protects【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。ban意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语an international treaty（国际条约）和宾语trade in plants and animals of endangered species（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。句意：几年前签署的一

38、项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。7. 单选题In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to （ ）signs asking his “guests” not to step on therm.问题1选项A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。put down镇压，贬低；put out熄灭，打扰；put up提供，建造，张贴；put off推迟，阻止。句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约有80万个植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝张

39、贴告示要求游客不要踩到植物。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题The theory of（ ）was developed by Darwin and is now understood by nearly everybody in the world.问题1选项A.determinationB.distributionC.disciplineD.evolution【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。determination “决心”；distribution “分布”；discipline “学科；纪律”；evolution “演变，进化论”。句意：进化论由达尔文提出，现在几乎世界上每个人都知道这

40、个理论。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to （ ）.问题1选项A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。credit信任，归功于；defend辩护，防守；modify修改；define定义。句意：民主政府这个词众所周知的难以定义。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB

41、.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The committee will consider whether or not Mr. Wilson has been （ ）serious professional misconduct.问题1选项A.wary ofB.guilty ofC.confronted withD.reduced to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。wary of意为“谨防的，小心翼翼的”

42、；guilty of意为“有罪”；confront with意为“面对，面临”；reduce to意为“减少至”。由serious professional misconduct（严重的失职）可知选B。句意：委员会将考虑威尔逊先生是否犯了严重的失职罪。12. 单选题They had to eat a(n)（ ）meal, or they would be too late for the concert.问题1选项A.temporaryB.hastyC.immediateD.urgent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。temporary “暂时的，临时的”；hasty “匆忙的，轻率的”

43、；immediate “立即的，直接的”；urgent “紧急的，急迫的”。句意：他们只能急匆匆地吃了饭，不然音乐会他们就会迟到了。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.took apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。14. 单选

44、题The importance of interior design becomes （ ）when we realize how much time we spend surrounded by four walls.问题1选项A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。attractive意为“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意为“适当的，合适的”；evident意为“明显的，明白的”；obscure意为“昏暗的，朦胧的”。句意：当我们意识到我们花了多少时间待在家里时，室内设计的重要性就变得明显了。15

45、. 单选题I admire her courage, compassion and （ ）to the cause of humanity, justice and peace.问题1选项A.devotionB.determinationC.oppositionD.realism【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。devotion奉献，忠诚，热爱；determination决心，果断；opposition反对；realism现实主义。句意：我钦佩她为了人道，正义与和平所表现出来的勇气、同情心和奉献精神。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题（ ）energy under the earth must be

46、released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.问题1选项A.AccumulatedB.GatheredC.AssembledD.Collected【答案】A【解析】同义词辨析题。Accumulate累积，积攒，侧重于连续不断的长期的积累；Gather聚集，侧重于将分散的东西聚集到一起；Assemble集合，聚集，侧重于由于某种目的而聚集在一起；Collect收集，侧重于物品的收集，采集。句意：地下累积的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，比如地震。这里指长时间积累下来的能力，所以选项A最恰当。17. 单选题The lawyer

47、advised him to drop the （ ）, since he stands little chance to win.问题1选项A.eventB.incidentC.caseD.affair【答案】C【解析】同义词辨析题。和上一题一样，四个词是近义词，根据句意：律师劝他放弃这个案子，因为他赢的机会很小。由此可知，这里指的是案件，所以选项C更恰当。18. 单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be （ ）to work hard, with the result that tax revenues mig

48、ht actually shrink问题1选项A.cultivatedB.licensedC.motivatedD.innovated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题You shouldnt have written in the （ ）since the book belongs to the library.问题1选项A.intervalB.bord

49、erC.marginD.edge【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。interval间隔，间距；border边境，边界；margin边缘，页边的空白；edge边缘，优势。句意：你不应该写在页边的空白处，因为这本书是属于图书馆的。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense （ ）areas such as New York City.问题1选项A.agriculturalB.ruralC.suburbanD.urban【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。