2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第134期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bees busy n

2、ature is based on a misconception,” he said. People only really see bees when theyre out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around. They dont get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work

3、on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Ass

4、ociation, said that bees were not lazy but efficient, “At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like

5、headless chickens.”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper.” I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he said. Mr. Theroux added that Prof. Menzel

6、s research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said.Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Menzel. It seems absurd to apply the word “lazy” to a colony of creature

7、s capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb. The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified. In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling b

8、usinessmen to “make your business waggle.”1. Prof. Randolf Menzels latest research _.2. Prof. Randolf Menzel would disagree that _.3. According to Glyn Davies, what should we learn from bees?4. It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans _.5. The IBM ads in the passage are used to _.问题1选项

9、A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB.confirms our knowledge of the relations among beesC.challenges our perception of the nature of beesD.confirms our perception of the nature of bees问题2选项A.bees are hardworkingB.bees are quick learnersC.bees have intelligenceD.bees have good memor

10、y问题3选项A.How to work faster.B.How to live longer.C.How to cooperate with each other.D.How to improve work efficiency.问题4选项A.are easily affected by their national charactersB.are extremely busy and hard workingC.have many things in common with beesD.tend to look down upon lazy people问题5选项A.show the po

11、pularity of the idea of busy beesB.emphasize the negative image of busy beesC.initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD.question the comparison of busy bees to humans【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free Univ

12、ersity in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A, B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第

13、一段最后一句bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Glyn Davies, t

14、he President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficientand perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A

15、选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”

16、，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。2. 翻译题Attention to detail is

17、something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Grossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves.” He says.“Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates don

18、t bother to spell the companys name correctly. On seeing such a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the

19、cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest of the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont, we should

20、drop them and move to something else”.Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing l

21、ittle things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.【答案】注重细节是每个人都可以而且应该做到的事，尤其是在就业市场紧张的情况下。人力资源专家鲍勃格罗斯利在他每天收到的求职申请中注意到了这一点。“有那么多候选人自我淘汰，真是令人吃惊。”他说。“收到的简历上布满污点。有些求职者连公司名称都懒得拼对。一旦看到这样的错误，我就会淘汰这个候选人。”“如果他们不能顾及这些细节，我们为什么要把工作托付给他们？”我们可以过于注重细节吗？当然。完美主义者总是为了一件小事花费比事情本身更大的代价去完成。加州大学旧金山分校副教授查尔斯加菲尔德说：“为了

22、不失去树中之林，我们必须不断自问，我们正在处理的细节如何与大局相适应。如果它们不适合，我们就应该放弃它们，转而做其他事情。”了解我们的目的有助于我们判断所承担的每一项任务的重要性。我们常常认为别人成功的原因是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的机遇。但成功很少是如此神秘的。我们一次又一次地看到，在力所能及的范围内将一些小事做好，大的回报就会随之而来。3. 单选题Please drop in whenever you can. Id like to keep _ touch.问题1选项A.inB.onC.toD.with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空请随时来坐坐。我想保持联系。keep in to

23、uch是固定搭配，意为“保持联系”。其他三项不能进行搭配。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Is life today more dangerous than it used to be? It certainly seems that way. With the radiation emitted by our houses, the arsenic (砷) in the water and the toxic rays coming out of cell phones, it isnt really safe to sleep, drink or talk.Last week the enti

24、re Metro system in Washington had to close down because someone might be blown onto the tracks during a hurricane. This week children in Washington were not allowed to go to school for a whole day because streets were blocked by fallen trees and power lines, and traffic lights at some intersections

25、werent working. A previous generation might have walked around the fallen trees and looked both ways before crossing the street, but the children of this generation clearly live in a much more dangerous world, and we need to protect them.After Sept. 11, 2001, thousands of people swore off airplanes

26、and began driving cars. In fact, the odds of being killed in a terrorist incident in 2002 were one in 9 million. In that same year, the odds of dying in a traffic accident were about one in 7,000.By taking the precaution of not flying, many people died.There are some clear psychological explanations

27、 for some of this. Its a fact that people fear man-made disasters (terrorism) far more than they fear natural disasters (hurricanes), and they are more afraid of things they do not control, which is why driving a car does feel safer than flying in an airplane. Also, although I have no proof, Ill haz

28、ard a guess that people are disproportionately frightened by things they read about in the newspaper. By contrast, they are disproportionately willing to discount the evidence of their own experience. If you look around your neighborhood, youll notice that the water is cleanwhich it wouldnt necessar

29、ily have been 100 years agoand that the food isnt rotten or stale.Life is far safer for the average American than it ever has to just about anybody at any other time in human historyand maybe that explains the ludicrous precautions that city officials and federal bureaucrats and everyone else feels

30、obligated to take nowadays to satisfy the publics demands. Now that weve eliminated most of the things that the human race once feared, weve just invented new ones to replace them.1. Children are not allowed to go to school for the following reasons EXCEPT _.2. It can be learned from the passage tha

31、t the previous generation _.3. Which is the accepted psychological explanation for peoples fear as mentioned in the passage?4. It is indicated in the passage that in the past _.5The author believes that _.问题1选项A.fallen treesB.fallen power linesC.a coming hurricaneD.broken traffic lights问题2选项A.knew b

32、etter how to avoid dangerB.was less fussy about dangersC.lived in a more dangerous worldD.was better at protecting themselves问题3选项A.People are more afraid of things they do not know than things they are familiar with.B.People are more afraid of dangers reported in newspapers than those they experien

33、ce.C.People are more afraid of flying in an airplane than riding a train.D.People are more afraid of terrorist disasters than natural disasters.问题4选项A.life was more enjoyableB.water was less clean and freshC.foods were of better taste and qualityD.streets were safer for children to cross问题5选项A.peopl

34、e are overreacting to dangers nowadaysB.people have good reason to fear the dangers todayC.life is full of dangers, especially after the 9.11 attacksD.children should be better protected against dangers【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“倒下的树木”，B选项“掉落的电线”，由原文because streets were blocked by

35、fallen trees（因为街道被倒下的树木和电线堵塞了）可知，A, B选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除A, B。D选项“交通灯坏了”，由原文and traffic lights at some intersections werent working.（一些十字路口的交通灯也不能工作。）可知，D选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除D。C选项“即将到来的飓风”，由原文可知，飓风已经发生了，所以本题选C。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句A previous generation might have walked around the fallen trees

36、 and looked both ways before crossing the street , but the children of this generation clearly live in a much more dangerous world, and we need to protect them.（上一代可能会在过马路前绕着倒下的树走，左右张望，但这一代的孩子显然生活在一个更加危险的世界里，我们需要保护他们。），说明上一代人更懂得如何在面对危险时保护自己。因此D选项“在保护自己方面做得更好”正确。A选项“更知道如何避免危险”，B选项“对危险不那么挑剔”在文中没有提及，所以

37、A, B错误。C选项“生活在一个更危险的世界里”，由原文可知，是这一代的孩子生活在更危险的世界里，所以C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句There are some clear psychological explanations for some of thisand they are more afraid of things they do not control（对此有一些明确的心理学解释人们更害怕自己无法控制的东西），说明对恐惧的公认心理学解释是人们更害怕未知的无法控制的东西。因此A选项“人们更害怕他们不知道的东西，而不是他们熟悉的东西。”正确。B选项“人们

38、更害怕报纸上报道的危险，而不是他们所经历的。”，C选项“比起坐火车，人们更害怕坐飞机。”，D选项“比起自然灾害，人们更害怕恐怖主意灾难。”都是具体的事例，而不是心理学解释，所以B, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句If you look around your neighborhood, youll notice that the water is cleanwhich it wouldnt necessarily have been 100 years agoand that the food isnt rotten or stale.（如果环顾你的社区，

39、你会注意到水是干净的这在100年前不一定是干净的，而且食物也没有腐烂或变质。），说明过去的水质没有现在的好。因此B选项“水没有那么干净”正确。A选项“生活更令人愉快”，C选项“食物的味道和质量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A, C错误。D选项“对孩子来说街道更安全”，由原文Life is far safer for the average American than it ever has to just about anybody at any other time in human history（普通美国人的生活比人类历史上任何时候的任何人都要安全得多），现在的生活比过去更安全，所以D错

40、误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybe that explains the ludicrous precautions that city officials and federal bureaucrats and everyone else feels obligated to take nowadays to satisfy the publics demands.（也许这就解释了为什么城市官员、联邦官员和其他所有人都觉得有义务采取可笑的预防措施来满足公众的需求。），说明作者认为这些预防措施是可笑的，也就是说人们面对危险的反应过激了。因此A选项“现在的人对危险反应

41、过激了”正确。B选项“人们有充分的理由害怕今天的危险”，C选项“生活中充满了危险，特别是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Now that weve eliminated most of the things that the human race once feared, weve just invented new ones to replace them.（现在我们已经消除了大多数人曾经害怕的东西，我们只是发明了新的东西来取代它们。）可知，现在的生活中没有那么多危险，所以B, C错误。D选项“儿童应该得到更好的保护，以避免危险的发生”不符合题意，所以D错误。5. 单选题“Welcome to

42、the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We dont have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Str

43、eet. “We just use our credit cards.”The US has long been one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. No

44、w the US, still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and

45、 Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. Thats up from $74 billion the year before.True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood

46、 films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt

47、 in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the

48、 past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveler versus the Americans four nights and $298.1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we k

49、now that tourists like her _.2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that _.3. By saying “Nobody undersells America” (Underlined), the author means that _.4. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?5. From the passage we can conclude that the US has come t

50、o realize _.问题1选项A.are reluctant to carry cash with themB.simply dont care how much they spendC.are not good at planning their expenditureD.often spend more money than they can afford问题2选项A.it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the USB.it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U

51、SC.tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that yearD.tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year问题3选项A.no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB.nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC.

52、nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD.no other country sells at a lower price than America问题4选项A.Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.B.Because they represent the worlds latest fashions.C.Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.D.Because they are

53、 available at all tourist destinations.问题5选项A.the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficitsB.the lower the retail prices, the greater in profitsC.tourism can make great contributions to its economyD.visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroad【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解

54、析】1.推理判断题。由原文可以定位到文章第二段最后两句“We dont have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”（“我们没有预算，”一位来自巴西的生物学家说，她和两个同伴走在纽约市的南街。“我们只是使用我们的信用卡。”），说明现在成千上万涌入美国的有钱人和那个巴西生物学家一样，根本没有预算，不在意自己花了多少钱。因此B选项“根本不关心他们花了多

55、少钱”正确。A选项“不愿意随身携带现金”，C选项“不善于计划自己的支出”，D选项“花费的钱往往超过他们的承受能力”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句The US has long been one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; t

56、hen came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies.（长期以来，美国一直是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，但今年的情况非同寻常。首先是世界杯，吸引了来自世界各个角落的成千上万的人；其次是美元对其他主要货币的汇率走弱。），说明1994年不同于往年，其原因是世界杯吸引了大量的游客，美元下跌使在美国购物特别便宜，这吸引了更多的游客。因此A选项“它见证了异常多的游客到美国来旅游”正确。B选项“它见证了赴美游客数量的下降”，C选项“那一年旅游业几乎没有受到美元贬值的影响”，D选项“那年游客来美国是为了观光，而不是为了降价商品”

57、均与原文意思相反，所以B, C, D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Now the US, still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement.（美国现在仍是世界上的超级大国，也可以声称是世界上的廉价商品部。），由此可知划线句Nobody undersells America所包含的意思是：没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低，后文又提到了美国的零售底价比欧洲低 30%，比亚洲低70%，更加证明了这一观点。因此D选项“没有其他国家比美国物价更低”正确。A选项“没有其他国家会

58、低估美国产品的竞争力”，B选项“没有人期望美国人削减其商品的价格”，C选项“没有人限制美国商品的销售”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series.（在世界其他地方，在好莱坞电影和美国电视剧的滋养下，人们对美国的一切仍然有着不可否认的迷恋。），说明作者认为美国的一切

59、都让外国人着迷的原因是美国电影电视剧等媒体的影响。因此A选项“因为它们通过美国的媒体获得了很多宣传”正确。B选项“因为它们代表了世界的最新时尚”，C选项“因为它们体现了最先进的技术”，D选项“因为它们在所有的旅游目的地都能买到”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient

60、, but it does put money in the bank.（终于，美国也意识到其他国家早已明白的东西：外国旅游者的涌入虽然带来了不便，可也带来了经济上的实惠。），说明美国意识到了旅游业能为经济发展做出贡献。因此C选项“旅游业可以为其经济做出巨大贡献”正确。A选项“美元的疲软会导致贸易赤字”，B选项“零售价格越低，利润就越大”，D选项“来美国的游客比在国外的美国游客更富有”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。6. 单选题Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want

61、to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the

62、 night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone ou

63、t, the refrigerator wont work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal re

64、lations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not workingtemperature will risemilk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A nece