2022年考博英语-清华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第197期

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题We cannot be（ ）with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.问题1选项A.PeckedB.reconciledC.perturbedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。peck 啄食；perturb 感到不安；presumed 推定。Be reconcile with为固定搭配，表示与和解。2. 单选题（ ）and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.问题1选项A.Mu

2、tilationB.InnovationC.EmpireD.Strength【答案】B【解析】语义题。句中and 连接空格跟hard work , 因此B 项innovation (创新，革新)正确。3. 单选题According to the “Geneva（ ）no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.问题1选项A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines【答案】C【解析】固定用法。Geneva Conventions指的是“日内瓦公约”。4. 单选题It is apparent that win

3、ning the scholarship is （ ）of ones intelligence in the field of physics.问题1选项A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。parallelism 平行，对应；alliteration 头韵；testimony 证词，证明；rhythm 节奏，韵律。句意:获得奖学金应该是一个人智力的 。故C项符合句意。5. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a co

4、mposition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advant

5、ages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online6. 单选题They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any（ ）ones in thisarea?问题1选项A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于empty house表示完全不存在内容物; vacant house是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此,选

6、项C符合句意。7. 单选题Three years（ ）before he returned home from the United States.问题1选项A.denotedB.destinedC.elapsedD.enveloped【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。Denote 预示,代表;destine 注定;elapse消逝; envelop 遮盖，包围。 选项C放在Three years后面表示3年流逝了。8. 单选题Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moons atmosphere to（ ）plant

7、life.问题1选项A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD.describe【答案】C【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持，保持”，符合句意。9. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ）qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased 公正的, 无偏见的; manipulated 熟练控制的；distorted

8、 扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed 传达的，传输的。句中 “qualified sources of information”应该指合格的信息, 故A项unbiased “公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。10. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography

9、, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A seg

10、ment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the com

11、puter and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. The

12、y also said, The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels

13、 are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Ap

14、proximately 3, 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into considerat

15、ion, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spe

16、nd billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（ ）2.According to the investigators,（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The author uses “television advertising” as an exam

17、ple to show that （ ）.问题1选项A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.问题2选项A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB.the

18、new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners问题3选项A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is har

19、d to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence问题4选项A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and onlin

20、e games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educational and harmlessly ent

21、ertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句 teaches geography, trains pilots 分别对应选项 B 和 A ；首段第五句 help young people to become more computer literate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “television advertising”定位至最后一段。举例

22、是为了论证people are influenced by what they see（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:11. 单选题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, open

23、ing new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Tak

24、e, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or

25、 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger di

26、vidend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general eco

27、nomy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48

28、. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise

29、 of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share

30、repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant，(line3，Para.1)canbebestparaphrasedas（ ） .3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find

31、Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominentB.terribleC.unchangedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailing

32、companies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the valu

33、e of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even fall

34、s（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格交易),对应第三段中的trading at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fa

35、llen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-

36、Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。12. 单选题The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abs

37、tract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。13. 单选题The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to（ ）it.问题1选项A.disgraceB.disguiseC.defyD.distress【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。disgrace 玷污；disguise 假装，伪装；defy 不服从，公然反抗；distress 使悲痛，使穷困；句意:当地居民对该地区的宵禁不满意

38、,决定（ ） 。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Some people seem to（ ）on the pressure of working under a deadline.问题1选项A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。render 报答；归还；给予；evolve 演变，进化；prevail 盛行，流行；thrive 兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意: 有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下 。故D项符合句意。15. 单选题I cant remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it w

39、as pretty（ ）.问题1选项A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring【答案】B【解析】estimating 估计；devastating 毁灭性的；reprocessing 再生，（核燃料的）回收；preferring 更喜欢。句意: 我记不清是什么引起了爆炸, 非常 。B项符合句意。16. 单选题Sometimes in drawing and designing the sign X（ ）the unknown number.问题1选项A.facilitatesB.fascinatesC.denotesD.jots【答案

40、】C【解析】动词词义辨析。facilitate 使容易，推动；fascinate 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；denote 指示，表示；jot 略记，摘要记录下来。句意: 有时候, 在绘制和设计中, X（ ） 未知的数字。因此, C选项符合句意。17. 写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Ch

41、inese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China18. 单选题The collapse of the Earths magnetic field which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures appears to have starte

42、d seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The fields strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes,

43、and reappears with opposite polarity （极）.The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that r

44、ely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years

45、 away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “ We want to

46、get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. No matte

47、r what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2, 000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. Thi

48、s mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with chan

49、ges in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.1.According to the passage, the Earths magnetic field has（ ） .2.During the transition of the Earths magnetic field （ ）.3.The author says the public has no reason to panic” because（ ）

50、 .4.The cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field comes from（ ） .问题1选项A.misguided many a man and animalB.begun to change in the opposite directionC.caused the changes on the polaritiesD.been weakening in strength for a long time问题2选项A.the compass will become uselessB.man and animals will

51、be confused in directionsC.the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger问题3选项A.the transition is still thousands of years from nowB.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC.the process of the transition will take a very long ti

52、me to finishD.the new transition will come 780, 000 years from now问题4选项A.the movement deep inside the EarthB.the periodical reverses of the EarthC.the force coining from outer spaceD.the mechanical movement of the Earth【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。文章前两段指出地球磁场开始发生变化，后来指出正在向相反的方向发生变化。故选B。2.细节题。根据

53、题干关键词transition 定位至第三段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。3.细节题。根据题干关键词public has no reason to panic定位至第五段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。关键词public has no reason to panic后面就讲了原因: it might take 2, 000 years to mature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。 故选C。4.细节题。根据题干关键词cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field 定位至最后一段:changes in

54、the disorderly flows of melted iron, 即原因是地球内部深处流动着液体铁，这种机械能会产生电磁。19. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed 已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced 公开指责的，公然抨击的；detached 分开的，分离的；deduced 推论的，演绎的。根据句中ba

55、d and damp weather(恶劣潮湿的天气),the plants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。20. 翻译题For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insuf

56、ficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insuffi

57、cient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990s is whether the trend that began in the 1970s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy real

58、ly over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Midd

59、le East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on todays scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability an

60、d affordability cannot be guaranteed.【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了 20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。