2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第35期

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There are several landladies approved by the university who take in （ ）.问题1选项A.settlersB.lodgersC.residentsD.inhabitants【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Settler “移居者”；lodger “房客”；resident “居民”；inhabitant “居民”。句意：大学批准了几位女房东接受房客。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Despite their good service, most in

2、ns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one

3、 of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题These instruments, which break up struc

4、tures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（ ） and separated from the whole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify “扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大； magnify “放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整

5、体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The Government is likely to （ ）with the opposition on the new tax proposals.问题1选项A.encounterB.confrontC.clashD.contradict【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。encounter with “遇到”；clash with “冲突”；contradict with “相对立”；confront 后面不接 with。句意：政府可能会在新的税收提案上遭到反对。选项A符合题意。6. 翻译题E-mail is now one the fastes

6、t ways to gain or lose potential customers because of the ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/her day in a bad m

7、ood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial question and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current or potential cus

8、tomers with the brash email sent out by your employee. This can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One person thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of these messages ar

9、e merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had ever asked me to give them information about products relating to what they sold, I

10、 would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are simply meeting pl

11、aces on the Internet where people exchange information. Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day stating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved. I now do not hav

12、e a problem recommending that company to a friend. On some occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brashness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry they are with you

13、. I cannot and will not try to break into someones website but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发给50-100个人。于是，因为你

14、雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。

15、在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。7. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things t

16、o be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only

17、 solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the

18、18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times,

19、we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so

20、 bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and ther

21、e ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is anoth

22、er matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statem

23、ents is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advance

24、D.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans und

25、erstanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed beca

26、use of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questio

27、ns concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第

28、1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告

29、诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到

30、我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我

31、们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Auction (拍卖)are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally

32、 names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “antic”, meaning “increase”

33、. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these miles were called “sub hanta”, meaning “under the spear, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a carved to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle, a shoe candl

34、e was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cobra, fir, mat, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, old books, old china

35、 and works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be told and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot gives full details, ca

36、talogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called drafter, as generally as. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order, he safely wait until he the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be intere

37、sting in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1.Auctioned goods are sold（ ） .2.The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （ ）.3.In the sentence “The R

38、omans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,59 the word “spoils” most probably means （ ）.4.In England a candle used to burn at auction sales（ ） .5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （ ）.问题1选项A.for the highest price offeredB.at fixed pricesC.at prices lower than their true valueD.at prices

39、 offered by the auctioneer问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goodsC.the goods are knocked down onto the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer问题3选项A.useless goodsB.spearsC.various kinds of foodD.property taken from the

40、enemy问题4选项A.because the auction sales took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auction room warmD.to limit time when offers of prices could be made问题5选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be soldC.tile order in which goods are to be soldD.fr

41、ee admission to the auction sale【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出价最高的人成为商品的买家（He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods），所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句话提到当拍卖商在一块高出来的台面上敲击小锤时，竞价也就结束了（This is called “knocking down” the goods for the

42、bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform），选项D符合题意。3.题干中的单词spoil有“战利品”的意思，除此之外，从 “从战争中得到的” taken from war可以推测这个词的意思是“战利品”。选项D符合题意。4.文章第二段指出，18世纪、19世纪的英国，拍卖时会点燃一根短蜡烛，而“当蜡烛在燃烧时，人们可以竞价”（ In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the

43、 candle, a shoe candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning），由此可知，蜡烛被用来记拍卖的时间。选项D符合题意。5.文章提到如果广告没有列出所有细节，拍卖者就会印发商品目录（If the advertisement cannot gives full details, catalogues are printed）。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways

44、 of reacting tosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。10. 单选题A most （ ）argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when

45、I came in问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题

46、1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题The magician picked several persons（ ） from the audience and asked them to helphim with the performance.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on o

47、ccasionC.on averageD.at random【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。By accident “偶然地”；on occasion “有时”；on average “平均地”；at random “随意地，任意地”。句意：魔术师从观众中随便挑了几个人协助他进行表演。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题The wings of the bird still（ ）after it had been shot down.问题1选项A.slappedB.scratchedC.flappedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。slap “拍击”；scratch “抓

48、，搔”；flap “拍动翅膀”；fluctuate “波动”。句意：鸟儿在被打中之后仍然在拍动翅膀。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检

49、查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has beco

50、me a popular （ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题I didnt sent out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项

51、A.had toB.should haveC.would doD.might have to【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我上周没有发申请表格，但是我本来应该发的。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题It may be worthwhile at this moment to （ ）and see what progress we have made after one years study in college.问题1选项A.look intoB.look aroundC.look overD.look back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Look into “调查，研究”

52、；look around “环顾”；look over “查看”；look back “回顾”。句意：现在回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题The police are suspicious（ ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。20. 单选题The present universal fear has bee

53、n the result of a forward surge in our knowledge and （ ） of certain dangerous factors in the physical world.问题1选项A.automationB.perceptionC.manipulationD.administration【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。 automation “自动化”；perception “感觉，看法”；manipulation “操作”；administration “管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我们对物理世界中特定危险因素的突破性了解和认知的结果。选项B符合题意。