2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第43期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 填空题How （ ）do you travel to Shanghai on business?【答案】ofen。【解析】常用语。How ofen 多久一次。2. 填空题In my office （1）desk is by the window and there is（2）large bookshelf along the wall. Two years ago an air （3）was installed in the office, so now I can work there comfortably even

2、on summer afternoons. I have a desktop （4）in the office, but lately it hasnt been very reliable; as a （5）, I usually bring my laptop with me.大意: 在我办公室，靠窗边有把椅子，沿墙靠着一个大书架。两年前，办公室装了一台空调，所以，现在即使是夏天的午后，我也可以舒服地工作。办公室有台台式电脑， 但是，后来它并不可靠。结果，我经常带手提电脑来办公室。【答案】1.the2.a3.conditionerputer5.result【解析】1.语法题定冠词。这里的d

3、esk特指办公室靠窗的椅子,因此填定冠词the。2.语法题不定冠词。此处为there is,而且空格处修饰名词的单数bookshelf，因此空格处填不定冠词a。3.词汇题。根据后面的so now I can work there comfortably even on summer afternoons以及空前的air推测此处填conditioner。Air conditioner 空调。4.语义题。后文中出现了laptop(手提电脑),据此推测空格处填computer。Desktop computer 桌面电脑。5.固定搭配。As a result 因此/结果。3. 单选题Although

4、there has been a great deal of construction at the university in the last few years, but the campus still feels fairly open and uncluttered.问题1选项A.there has beenB.at the university in the lastC.but theD.feels fairly open and unclutteredE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】连词多余。去掉but。句子中已经有了从属连词although，故并列连词but多余。4. 填空题J

5、ohn has decided to give （ ）smoking【答案】up【解析】固定搭配。Give up 放弃,戒掉。5. 填空题A Have you seen my dictionary? I cant find it（1 ） .B Is that it over there by the door?C It is! I （2）have left it there yesterday afternoon as we were leaving for the day.句意:你有看见我的字典吗？我到处都找不到它。在门口的那个是你的字典不？是的！在昨天下午我们放学时，我有可能把它放在那里了

6、。【答案】1.anywhere2.probably【解析】1.语义题。anywhere:任何地方，到处。2.语法题。副词修饰动词left （动词leave的过去分词）。6. 单选题The students, arriving at the usual time for breakfast, were extremely fhrious when they discovered that the prices of almost the food items had doubled overnight.问题1选项A.students, arrivingB.were extremely fhrio

7、usC.almost the food itemsD.had doubledE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由 furious 的英文释义“marked by extreme and violent energy or extreme anger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely” 属于重复，应该去除。7. 单选题I tried to control my temper and focus on our business, but in the end I decided that I had to discu

8、ss about the matter with the people who had overcharged us.问题1选项A.focus on our businessB.in the endC.discuss about the matterD.who had overcharged usE.没有错误【答案】C【解析】语法题。介词多余。去掉about。discuss是及物动词,后面不需要接介词about。8. 填空题 Im surprised that she has agreed to marry John. I knew that he（1） going to propose,bu

9、t I （2）her to say no. I （3）what led her to accept his offer. Shes certainly not in love with him! 【答案】1.was2.considered3.wonder【解析】1.固定搭配。be going to do 打算做,前面的谓语动词knew用的过去式,因此这里也用过去式was。2.固定搭配。consider sb. to do sth. 认为某人会。3.语义题。句意:我在想是什么让她 决定接受他的求婚的。9. 填空题Ann Withington got a（1） with a major insur

10、ance firm a few monthsafter she（2） from university. （3）she received little encouragement（4） her new boss, she worked hard and soon became very good at her tasks and duties. Thanks to her sunny temperament and willingness to help her colleagues, she soon became quite（5） as well. In her first five yea

11、rs with the company she was（6） twice, and （7）time her salary went up substantially.But then her career took a turn for the worse. Her first director, a man in（8）fifties, was（9） with a younger woman who seemed to regard Ann as a rival. She constantly（10 ） her work but never offered any（11） about how

12、it could be improved. Weeks passed and Ann tried her（12）to please the new director, but there was no change in the latters（13）towards her.Eventually Anns mood darkened, and she began to look into other possibilities. When her request for a （14）to the companys Seattle office was blocked by her boss,

13、she decided it was time for action. She began an ambitious job hunt that led to a tentative offer from one of her employers competitors. Just as she was getting（15） to announce that she was quitting her job in a month, she was called into her bosss office and abruptly（16） . This was a great（17）. Adm

14、ittedly, her relations with her boss were poor, but she had always（18） out her duties conscientiously.After thinking over her situation, she decided not to （19）about theunfairness of her directors decision. The tentative job offer from the other company was soon（20） ; Ann accepted it and never looke

15、d back.句意:安威辛顿在大学毕业后几个月就在一家较大保险公司找到了工作。虽然她的新 老板并没有给予她多少鼓励，但是她工作勤勤恳恳，很快就适应了工作。由于她的脾气好且乐意帮助人，不久后她就变得很受大家欢迎。在她进入这家公司的头五年里，她被提拔了两次，每次工资都涨了很多。但是这之后她的事业就开始走下坡路。她的 第一任主管，一位50多岁的男性，很满意将安视为竞争对手的一个更年轻的女员工。 她不断批评她（即Ann）的工作，但却未就如何改进工作给出任何建议。数周过去了， 安尽最大的努力去让这位新主管满意，但是后者对她的态度没有任何改变。最终，安 的心情也变得一片灰暗，于是她开始寻求新的出路。她申请

16、到公司在西雅图的分支机 构工作，这一请求被老板拦下。她认为是时候采取行动了。她满腔热情地开始寻找工 作，最后从公司的竞争对手那里获取得到了一份工作机会。正当她准备宣布在一个月 后辞职时，她被老板叫到了办公室，然后被突然告知自己被解雇了。这是个极大的侮 辱。诚然，她与老板的关系很差，但是她依然认真地履行她的职责。再三思考之后， 她决定不去抱怨她的主管决定的不公。不久，新单位的入职通知书到了，安头也不回地离开了。【答案】1.job语义题。get a job找到一份工作2.graduated固定搭配。graduate from university 从大学毕业。3.Although逻辑衔接。后面的句

17、意：她仍旧在努力工作，然而老板并没有重视她。4.from固定搭配。Receive encouragement from 得到的鼓励。5.popular逻辑衔接。因为脾气好，且乐意帮助人，自然就会受到爱戴。6.promoted逻辑衔接。工作干得好，就会被提拔重用。7.each语义题。Each time 每次8.his固定搭配。In ones +基数词的复数形式：在岁的时候。9.pleased固定搭配。be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意10.criticized逻辑衔接。由前面的关键词“regard Ann as a rival将Ann视为竞争对手”可推测这里“她不断批评她（即

18、Ann）的工作”。11.advice语义题。这里指提出建议。12.best固定搭配。try ones best 尽力。13.attitude逻辑衔接。由关键词“but但是”知后者没有改变对她（即Ann）的态度。14.transfer由空格后的关键词“the companys Seattle office公司的西雅图办事处”知这里指代“工作调换”。15.ready固定搭配。get/be ready to 为.做准备16.fired由最后一段中的“.the unfairness of her directors decision她主管决定的不公平”及“上级并不喜欢她，她又准备跳槽”可推知“被叫到办

19、公室后被突然解雇” 。17.insult语义题。句意: 被突然解雇当然是一个巨大的侮辱。18.caried固定搭配。carry out 执行，履行。plain固定搭配。complain about sth 抱怨某事。ing逻辑衔接。她接受了且再也没有回头，所以新的工作机会很快就来了。【解析】1.语义题。get a job找到一份工作2.固定搭配。graduate from university 从大学毕业。3.逻辑衔接。后面的句意：她仍旧在努力工作，然而老板并没有重视她。4.固定搭配。Receive encouragement from 得到的鼓励。5.逻辑衔接。因为脾气好，且乐意帮助人，自然

20、就会受到爱戴。6.逻辑衔接。工作干得好，就会被提拔重用。7.语义题。Each time 每次8.固定搭配。In ones +基数词的复数形式：在岁的时候。9.固定搭配。be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意10.逻辑衔接。由前面的关键词“regard Ann as a rival将Ann视为竞争对手”可推测这里“她不断批评她（即Ann）的工作”。11.语义题。这里指提出建议。12.固定搭配。try ones best 尽力。13.逻辑衔接。由关键词“but但是”知后者没有改变对她（即Ann）的态度。14.由空格后的关键词“the companys Seattle office公

21、司的西雅图办事处”知这里指代“工作调换”。15.固定搭配。get/be ready to 为.做准备16.由最后一段中的“.the unfairness of her directors decision她主管决定的不公平”及“上级并不喜欢她，她又准备跳槽”可推知“被叫到办公室后被突然解雇”17.语义题。句意: 被突然解雇当然是一个巨大的侮辱。18.固定搭配。carry out 执行，履行。19.固定搭配。complain about sth 抱怨某事。20.逻辑衔接。她接受了且再也没有回头，所以新的工作机会很快就来了。10. 单选题The Daodejing is almost certai

22、nly the most admired ancient Chinese philosophical text among modem Westerners. Since the mid-19th century it has been translated into English dozens of times.问题1选项A.almost certainlyB.ancient Chinese philosophical textC.Since the mid-19th centuryD.English dozens of times.E.没有问题【答案】E【解析】没有错误。句意:道德经几乎

23、可以肯定是现代西方人中最受敬仰的中国古代哲学文本。自19世纪中期以来，它被多次翻译成英文。11. 填空题This man claims that hes from Beijing, but he speaks with a strong southern （1）Its obvious that he is just （2）to be from Beijing. I（3） where hes really from.句意: 这个人声称自己来自北京，但他说话时却带浓重的南方口音。很明显，他 说自己来自北京是在撒谎。我想知道他真正来自何处。【答案】1.accent2.lying3.wonder【解析

24、】1.语义题。口音用“accent”。2.固定搭配。Lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。这里用其现在进行时lying。3.语义题。I wonder 我想知道。12. 填空题When I was in primary school, （1）teacher was female (this included（2）the ones who coached our football), but starting in my seventh year of school I had occasional（3）instructors too.【答案】1.every2.even3.male【解析】1.语义题。

25、Every 每一个。2.逻辑衔接。此句表示让步,因此用even。3.语义题。Male 男性的。13. 单选题When he came out to the lobby to help us find a taxi as we were about to head for the airport, we thanked him for all the helps he had given us during our stay and invited him to look us up in Shanghai if he ever found himself there.问题1选项A.as we

26、were about to head forB.helps he had given usC.look us up inD.ever found himself there.E.没有错误【答案】B【解析】语法题。名词的数误用。Helps 改为help。Help表示 “帮助”时, 是不可数名词。14. 单选题1 For millions of years, Britain was part of the European continent. A high ridge of limestonenow famously exposed as the chalky cliffs of Dover-e

27、xtended all the way to what is now France, allowing mammoths, hippopotami and eventually humans to pass freely back and forth. But about 450,000 years ago, this rocky road was cut off by a flood of unimaginable proportions. Now, a team of researchers has detailed evidence of how this torrent of dest

28、ruction was unleashed. “Theyve managed to identify.how the ridge was breached,” says geologist Philip Gibbard of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, who was not involved in the current study. “Im quite enthusiastic.”2 The idea that enormous floods quickly carved parts of the English C

29、hannel was first proposed in 1985. At the time, geologist Alec Smith of Bedford College in London noticed large, interweaving scour marks on maps of the English Channel sea floor. He recognized that the patterns of erosion resembled those of the Channeled Scablands, a highly eroded landscape -stark,

30、 barren and with little soilin eastern Washington state in the northwestern US. The landscape was formed by floods from glacial lakes that burst their icy dams between 15,000 and 18,000 years ago.3 Similar glaciers have existed in Europe. Some 450,000 years ago, a massive ice sheet spanned Scandinav

31、ia, reaching down into northern Europe and much of what are today the British Isles. Hemmed in by the ice was a large glacial lake. No one knows exactly how big it was, but it may have been several hundred kilometers wide, and it likely filled the southern part of the North Sea. Because so much wate

32、r was stored on land as ice sheets, sea levels are thought to have been about 120 meters lower than today, exposing the bottom of what is now the English Channel.4 With the chalk ridge forming a dam to the south, and the Rhine and other rivers flowing into the glacial lake, the water would have kept

33、 rising. Smith proposed that the lake would eventually have cascaded over the chalk cliffs. As evidence, he pointed to large, deep pits at the base of the former ridge “plunge pools” that were formed by the force of the waterfalls and later filled in with sediment. The scour marks on the channel bot

34、tom would have been carved by a vast flood rich in debris. Still unknown was what unleashed the deluge.5 The dramatic idea was then forgotten for many years. “I dont think many people believed it,” says Sanjeev Gupta, a geologist at Imperial College London.(Smith, who retired a few years after float

35、ing his idea, died in 2015.) “If smiths hypothesis now wins general acceptance, then the decades of delay will be oddly similar to the decades it took for the origin of the Channeled Scablands to be accepted. When the geologists JT Pardee and Harlen Bretz first argued that theScablands were the prod

36、uct of a short catastrophic flood of huge proportions, it took almost forty years to win over their fellow earth scientists.”6 Now Gupta and his colleagues have brought the idea of a cataclysmic breakup back into serious consideration. With data from British, Belgian and French research vessels, the

37、 team put together a clear picture of seven plunge pools on the channel floor (see map below), each nearly a kilometer wide and up to 140 meters deep even larger than Smith had estimated. “Its clear that the scale is really far greater than originally imagined,” Gibbard says, “The plunge pools were

38、enormous.”7 The waterfalls pouring from the lake might have been 50 meters high or taller, Gupta says, although it is difficult to know. The relentless pounding of the cascades may have spun large blocks of stone inside the pools at the bottom, drilling into the bedrock. All this digging might have

39、fatally weakened the ridge, eventually causing it to fail, Gupta and colleagues propose today in Nature Communications. “I think theyve worked out an intelligent account of how this may have happened,” says Kim Cohen, a geologist at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the

40、work.8 It is not yet possible to know how long it took the waterfalls to erode the chalk ridge, Gupta says. The only way to tell would be to collect samples by drilling into the sediments that later filled in the pools. But that is a tricky proposition, given the busy traffic of the shipping channel

41、 and its strong currents, its a dangerous area to do geological research in, says Gibbard, noting that just getting the new submarine images was an accomplishment.9 The images also clarify the extent of erosion from another round of catastrophic flooding during a subsequent ice age. Again, the evide

42、nce is submerged, because sea level is much higher today. But perhaps 160, 000 years ago the timing is uncertain huge floods dug out what is known as the Lobourg Channel, which the images revealed to be about 10 kilometers wide and 20 meters deep. This was probably the final breach of the remnants o

43、f chalk ridge, Gupta says.10 These twin disasters meant trouble for ancient commuters. This is because they put travel between Britain and Europe at the mercy of sea level. Previously, when the seas rose and covered the floor of the channel, the chalk ridge would still have been passable. But when t

44、he first catastrophic flood tore through, Britain was cut off for the first time. (Of course, when sea level fell enough, the English Channel would have been dry again Despite a major river flowing to the southwest, animals and people could pass back and forth easily.11 Britain most recently became

45、an island about 9000 years ago. And now that the UnitedKingdom has officially announced its intention to sever ties with the European Union - it will become even more of one.1.According to the author of this article, Britain has been more or less the geographic island that we know it as today since

46、（ ）.2.The author tells us that Philip Gibbard was not involved in the study being reported on here.He most probably does this in order to （ ）.3.Earlier research on the origin of the Channel Scablands of eastern Washington was presumably useful to Alec Smith in that it（ ） .4.Something seems to be mis

47、sing from the text of this article as it is printed here. The missing item is （ ）.5.Is Philip Gribbard optimistic about the likelihood that we will soon know how long it took waterfalls to erode the chalk ridge mentioned in paragraphs 7-10?6.The article indicates that, thanks to the new data and ima

48、ges, Gupta and his fellow researchers have（ ） .问题1选项A.450,000 years ago.B.160,000 years ago.C.approximately 13, 000 BC.D.roughly 7,000 BC.问题2选项A.show that Gibbards opinions should be viewed with cautionB.lend greater weight to Gibbards opinions and inputC.distinguish Gibbards role from that of Sanje

49、ev GuptaD.make it clear that most geologists agree with Gupta and his team问题3选项A.helped him to recognize the scour marks on the floor of the English ChannelB.indicated the landscape that he should watch for around the glacial lake that covered ancient BritainC.showed how old the scour marks might be

50、D.suggested what kind of event might have produced the scour marks问题4选项A.a chartB.a mapC.a graph.D.a table of prehistoric sea level data问题5选项A.No, because the many ships and powerful currents in the Channel make it hazardous to drill there.B.No, because the plunge pools carved out by the ancient wat

51、erfalls are now buried under very thick layers of sediment.C.Yes, because submarine images clarify which events caused how much erosion and where.D.Yes, because submarines can now provide extremely valuable assistance in the drilling operations that will be necessary问题6选项A.proved that geologists wer

52、e right to dismiss smiths hypothesis when it was proposed 32 years agoB.conclusively demonstrated the correctness of smiths hypothesisC.shed a favorable new light on smiths hypothesis, but with so many novel features (especially the much greater scale) that it is now as much Guptas idea as smithsD.r

53、evived interest in Smiths hypothesis and moved it closer to general acceptance【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题干问的是:不列颠大约什么时候开始变成我们今天所指的地理岛? 第11段首指出: Britain most recently became an island about 9000 years ago (不列颠大约9000年前成为了一个岛屿)。据此推断,答案为D:大约公元前7000年。2.作者意图题。根据题干定位至第一段: Now, a team of

54、 researchers has detailedstudy. “Im quite enthusiastic.”(一组研究人员详细地证明了这股毁灭的洪流是如何爆发的。英国剑桥大学的地质学家菲利普吉布德（Philip Gibbard）说：“他们已经设法确定了山脊是如何被破坏的。”他没有参与目前的研究。但他说:“我很热情。”)。这里的a team of researchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的团队。这里说Philip Gibbard没有参与目前的研究, D但表明了他的观点。据此推断这么做是为了将他们区分开来。3.推理判断题。第二段指出: 1985年, 首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉

55、利海峡的部分地区的观点。地质学家Alec Smith研究英吉利海峡海底大片交织的冲刷痕, 这和华盛顿东部由冰川湖的洪水形成的Channeled Scablands地貌很相似，据此推测: 英吉利海峡冲刷痕可能是同样的原因（洪水）形成的。4.细节事实题。第六段括号处(see map below）见下图。可知文章缺失一幅图。5.细节事实题。Gibbard说：“在这里进行地质研究很危险”。他说，一项成就是获得新的潜艇图像。由此可知对于弄清楚瀑布用多长时间侵蚀着白垩山脊，Gibbard并不乐观，因为海峡里的许多船只和强大的水流使得在那里钻洞是危险的”。6.推理判断题。第六段: Now Gupta and

56、 his colleagues have brought the idea of a cataclysmic breakup back into serious consideration (现在，Gupta和他的同事们对（Alec Smith）灾难性的分裂的想法重新严肃考虑)。接下来说根据数据,研究小组对在英吉利海峡海底的7个水池进行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的数据和图片，Gupta和他的同事们“为Smith的假设提供了一个有利的新线索。故选C: 为史密斯的假设提供了一个很好的新线索，但由于有如此多的新特点（尤其是更大的规模），以至于Smith的假设现在成了 Gupta 的观点。15.

57、单选题I hope that we can agree to take an unified approach to dealing with the opposition to our project proposal. We need to coordinate our efforts.问题1选项A.hope that we can agreeB.take an unifiedC.to dealingD.effortsE.没有错误【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。B项去掉冠词an。take unified approach 采取一致的手段。16. 填空题One of our articles i

58、s about to be （1）in Nature. Everyone is pleased that its appearing in a high-profile international journal, but there was a serious（2）in our research group（3）over who should be the lead author. Some of the（4） of the group are still angry.【答案】1.published2.such3.debate4.members【解析】1.语义题。句中的Nature是指一种杂

59、志，我们的文章应该是“发表在”杂志中。2.语义题。这里填such， such a high-profile international journal表示 “ 如此引入注目的期刊”。3.固定搭配。debate over就进行讨论。4.语义题。根据空格后的of the group可以推断出最后一个空可以填入members表示“团队的成员”。17. 填空题The fire quickly spread through the hotel, but fortunately there were only a （1）guests and they all managed to （2）.【答案】1.fe

60、w2.escape【解析】1.语义题。a few后面接可数名词，表示“少量，几个”2.语义题。句意: 他们都成功逃脱了。18. 填空题I have（1） good news for you: John has （2）to buy your old motorcycle.【答案】1.some2.decided【解析】1.语义题。句意:告诉你一些好消息。2.固定搭配。Decide to do 决定。19. 填空题This afternoon were meeting with（1） E.U. environmental official and some Australian specialist

61、s to talk about how to（2） groundwater pollution in the Tianjin area.【答案】1.an2.prevent【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。第一个空格后的“official官员”为单数知第一个空格应填一个不定冠词a 或an,再由EU的发音“，i: ju:中第一个字母为元音发音知第一个空应填“an”。2.语义题。句意: 探讨天津地区地下水污染防治对策20. 填空题Were（1） a lot of trouble（2） our new TV set. We only （3）it last month, but we already need to call a repairman to fix it. I （4）that the set is as good as we were told it was in the store. My wife （5）me not to trust that salesman!【答案】1.having2.with3.bought4.doubt5.told【解析】1.固定搭配。Have trouble with 在某方面有麻烦/困难2.固定搭配。3.语义题。句意:我们上个月才买的。4.语义题。doubt 怀疑。5.语义题。Tell 告诉。Told在这里暗含 “警告”之意。